Le nhlanzi enkulu esabisayo isikhumbuza kakhulu ngenyoka hhayi kuphela ezinhlwini zomzimba ovulekile. Njengawo wonke ama-eel, ama-moray eel ayabhukuda futhi akhase njengenyoka yangempela, ngokusobala egoba umzimba.
Incazelo kaMoray eel
Amehlo amancane, umlomo ovuleke njalo, amazinyo abukhali agobile, umzimba wenyoka ngaphandle kwezikali - lesi yisiga esivamile somdanso osuka emndenini we-moray eel, ofakwe kuhlobo lwezinhlanzi eziphindwe ngemisebe. Ama-Moray eel awalokothi abe mancane: abamele izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zikhula zifike ku-0.6 m ngesisindo esingu-8-10 kg, kuyilapho ama-giant moray eel eshwiba kuze kufike cishe kumamitha amane ngesisindo esingu-40 kg.
Ukubukeka
Bambalwa abantu abakwazile ukucabanga nge-moray eel ekukhuleni okugcwele, ngoba emini icishe ikhuphukele emfuleni onamadwala, ishiye ikhanda layo ngaphandle kuphela. Kubabukeli abangajwayelekile, kubonakala sengathi ama-moray eels afihle amazinyo abo ngokufutheka: lo mbono wenziwa ngenxa yokubuka okuhlabayo nomlomo ovulekile njalo onamazinyo amakhulu akhombe.
Eqinisweni, i-moray eel's moray ayifanisi ubudlova obufihliwe kangako njengesifiso esingokwemvelo somzingeli wokuqamekela - ngokulindela isisulu, i-moray eel iyaqina, kepha ayivali umlomo wayo.
Kuyathakazelisa. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ama-moray eel awakwazi ukuvala imilomo yawo, ngoba amazinyo amakhulu aphazamisa lokhu. Eqinisweni, le yindlela inhlanzi eyithola ngayo i-oksijini eyidingayo, idlulisa amanzi ngomlomo wayo bese iyipompa ngemigodi.
Ama-Moray eels awanamazinyo amaningi (23-28), akha umugqa owodwa futhi abuyiselwe emuva kancane. Izinhlobo ezithatha kakhulu ama-crustaceans zinamazinyo abukhali angashintshiwe ukuchoboza amagobolondo.
Ama-Moray eels awanalo ulimi, kodwa imvelo yakha lokhu kusilela ngokubaklomelisa ngamabili wamakhala afana namashubhu amancane. Ama-Moray eel (njengezinye izinhlanzi) adinga amakhala abo hhayi ukuphefumula, kepha ukuhogela. Umuzwa omuhle wephunga le-moray eels ngezinga elithile unxephezela amandla wezinto zawo ezibukwayo ezibuthakathaka.
Othile uqhathanisa ama-moray eel nezinyoka, umuntu onezinkomazi ezimnandi: lonke iphutha iphutha elingenakulinganiswa nelicwecwe emzimbeni kusuka ezinhlangothini. Ukufana kwe-leech kuvela kumsila omncane, kuqhathaniswa nesifonyo esijiyile nangaphambili komzimba.
Ama-Moray eels awanamaphiko we-pectoral, kepha i-dorsal fin inwebeka kulo lonke ugu. Isikhumba esijiyile, esibushelelezi asinazikali futhi sipendwe ngemibala yokuzifihla enanela indawo ezungezile.
I-moray eels shades ethandwa kakhulu namaphethini:
- okumnyama;
- Okumpunga;
- nsundu;
- okumhlophe;
- iphethini ecekeceke kahle (amachashazi e-polka, "imabula", imivimbo namabala angalingani).
Njengoba i-moray eel ingawuvali umlomo wayo obabazekayo ngokuqamekela, ingaphakathi langaphakathi lalokhu kufanele lifane nombala womzimba ukuze lingaphuli ukufihla okuphelele.
Moray eels
Kuze kube manje, imithombo ehlukene inikezela ngemininingwane ephikisanayo ngezinhlobo zama-moray eels. Isibalo esishiwo kakhulu singama-200, kanti uhlobo lweMuraena luqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-10 kuphela. Uhlu lubandakanya:
- muraena appendiculata;
- muraena argus;
- muraena augusti;
- i-muraena clepsydra;
- i-muraena helena (i-European moray eel);
- muraena lentiginosa;
- muraena melanotis;
- muraena pavonina;
- i-muraena retifera;
- muraena robusta.
Ivelaphi inombolo engu-200? Umndeni iMuraenidae (Moray eels), oyingxenye ye-oda elifana ne-eel, unenani elilinganayo lezinhlobo. Lo mndeni omkhulu unemikhaya emibili (iMuraeninae ne-Uropterygiinae), imikhakha engu-15 nezinhlobo ezingama-85-206.
Ngokulandelayo, umndeni omncane waseMuraeninae uhlanganisa uhlobo lweMurena, olufaka izinhlobo eziyishumi ezibalwe. Ngokuvamile, ngisho ne-giant moray eel ihlobene ngokungaqondile nohlobo lweMuraena: ingeyomndeni wakwaMoray eel, kepha ingummeleli wohlobo oluhlukile - iGymnothorax. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-giant moray eel ibizwa nangokuthi i-hymnothorax yaseJavane.
Uhlamvu nokuziphatha
Emaceleni ezinhlanzi ezinjengezinyoka kuningi ukuqagela okungamelani nokuqinisekiswa lapho kuhlolisiswa. UMoray eel ngeke ahlasele kuqala, uma engacasulwa, egconwa futhi engakhombisi ukunaka okucasulayo (okuyinto abatshuzi abangenalwazi abavame ukona).
Vele, ukondla i-moray eel esandleni kungumbono omuhle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kuyingozi enkulu (njengoba kunjalo ngokuphatha ngokunganaki kwanoma yisiphi isilwane sasendle). Izinhlanzi eziphazamisekile ngeke zime emcimbini futhi zingalimaza kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlukunyezwa okuzenzakalelayo kwama-moray eels kucasulwa hhayi ukwesaba kuphela, kepha futhi nokulimala, isimo somzimba noma i-malaise.
Ngisho ishaya ingwegwe noma isipuni, i-moray eel iyozivikela kuze kuphele amandla ayo. Ekuqaleni, uzozama ukucasha emseleni, adonse umzingeli ongaphansi kwamanzi ngemuva kwakhe, kodwa uma lo mshini wehluleka, uzoqala ukuzulazula emhlabeni, akhase olwandle, alwe futhi aqhume amazinyo ngendlela engaqondakali.
Ukunakwa. Ngemuva kokuluma, i-moray eel ayisidedeli isisulu, kepha iyasibamba ngesibambo sokufa (njengoba kwenza i-pit bull) bese inyakazisa umhlathi wayo, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwamanxeba ajulile aqinisiwe.
Akuvamile ukuthi noma ngubani akwazi ukuphunyuka yedwa emazinyweni abukhali e-moray eels, ngaphandle kokuthola usizo lwangaphandle. Ukulunywa kwale nhlanzi edlayo kubuhlungu ngokweqile, futhi isilonda siyaphola isikhathi eside (kuze kube sekufeni).
Ngendlela, bekuyisimo sokugcina esiholele ichthyologists emcabangweni wokuba khona kuketshezi lwe-moray eels emiseleni yamazinyo, ikakhulukazi, ubuthi... Kepha ngemuva kwezifundo eziningi, ama-moray eel avuselelwa, ebona ukuthi awanazo izindlala ezinobuthi.
Ukwelashwa okuhamba kancane kwamanxeba acushiwe manje kubangelwa isenzo samabhaktheriya anda kudoti wokudla emlonyeni: lawa magciwane athelela amanxeba.
Indlela yokuphila nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ama-Moray eels abonwa njengabantu bodwaukugcina umgomo wendawo. Kwesinye isikhathi zisondelene kakhulu, kodwa kuphela ngenxa yokuhlangana okuqinile kwemifantu elula. Lapho bahlala usuku lonke, ngezikhathi ezithile bashintsha indawo, kodwa bashiye amakhanda amabi ngaphandle. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyasebenza ebusuku, kepha kukhona okuhlukile okubamba inyamazane ngezikhathi zasemini, imvamisa emanzini angajulile.
Amehlo abo awasizi kangako ekulandeleni izisulu zabo, kepha ikakhulukazi umuzwa wabo omuhle wokuhogela. Uma ukuvuleka kwamakhala kuye kuvaleke, kuba yinhlekelele yangempela.
Amazinyo ama-moray eel amaningi asezimbeni ezimbili zemihlathi, elilodwa lawo lihlehliseka: lihlala lijule emphinjeni bese "likhipha" ngesikhathi esifanele sokubamba isisulu bese silidonsela emqaleni. Lo mklamo wezinto zomlomo ubangelwa ukuncipha kwezimbobo: ama-moray eels awakwazi (njengezinye izilwane ezidla emanzini) ukuvula imilomo yawo ngokugcwele ukuze ahudulele inyamazane yawo ngaphakathi.
Okubalulekile. Ama-Moray eels cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo. Lokhu kwenziwa izimo ezimbili - amazinyo akhe abukhali namandla abamba ngawo isitha, kanye nokuhlala njalo ezindaweni zokukhosela zemvelo.
Isilwane esingena ekubhukudweni kwamahhala akuvamile ukuthi sihlaselwe izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi siyazifihla emgodini wamatshe oseduzane. Kuthiwa izinhlobo ezithile zeqa kulabo ababasukelayo, zikhasa njengezinyoka emhlabathini. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ushintshele kwimodi yokuhamba esezingeni lomhlaba ngesikhathi samaza aphansi.
Akekho oseke walinganisa ubude bempilo yama-moray eel, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi iningi lalezi zinhlobo ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala ama-moray eels
Ama-Moray eel angabahlali bezilwandle nezilwandle, akhetha amanzi afudumele anosawoti. Ukwehlukahlukana okumangalisayo kwezinhlobo kwalezi zinhlanzi kuyaziwa e-Indian Ocean naseLwandle Olubomvu. Ama-moray eel amaningi akhethe ukunwetshwa kwamanzi olwandle i-Atlantic nePacific (izindawo ezihlukene), kanye noLwandle iMedithera.
Ama-Moray eel, njengezinhlanzi eziningi ze-eel, kuyaqabukela ukuthi acwile ekujuleni, akhethe amanzi angajulile amatshe kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali ezinokujula okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-40. Ama-Moray eel achitha cishe impilo yakhe yonke ezindaweni zokukhosela zemvelo, ezinjengezikhala zangaphakathi zezipanji ezinkulu, imingxuma yamadwala kanye namaxhaphozi e-coral.
Ukudla, yini edliwa yi-moray
I-moray eel, ehleli ekuqamekeleni, iheha umuntu ongaba yisisulu ngamashubhu acinene (afana nama-annelids), ayinyakazise. Inhlanzi, inethemba lokuthi izibonile izibungu zasolwandle, iyabhukuda isondele futhi ingene emazinyweni e-moray eel, iyibambe ngokuphonsa umbani.
Ukudla kwama-moray eels kwenziwa cishe yizo zonke izakhamuzi zasolwandle ezigayekayo:
- octopus;
- ama-lobster;
- inhlanzi;
- i-cuttlefish;
- izinkalankala;
- ingwane;
- ama-sea urchins.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ama-Moray eels anekhodi yawo yokudla ehloniphekile: awadli imfanzi yomhlengikazi (ahlezi kuma-moray eels) futhi awathinti izihlanza (ezikhulula isikhumba / umlomo ekudleni okunamathele kanye nama-parasites).
Ukubamba inyamazane enkulu (ngokwesibonelo, octopus), kanye nokusika ama-moray eels, basebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile, ithuluzi eliyinhloko lawo umsila. I-moray eel isonga itshe elihleli ngokuqinile, liboshwe ngefindo bese liqala ukubamba imisipha, lihambise ifindo elibheke ekhanda: ingcindezi emihlathini iyanda, evumela ukuthi umhlaseli adonse kalula izingcezu zempuphu kulowo ohlasele.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Amandla okuzala ama-moray eel, njengamanye ama-eel, awakafundwa ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inhlanzi izalela kude nasogwini, nokuthi ingena eminyakeni yayo yokuzala ngeminyaka engu-4-6. Ezinye izinhlobo zigcina ukwakheka kobulili impilo yonke, ezinye - shintsha ubulili, iba owesilisa noma owesifazane.
Leli khono liyabonwa, ngokwesibonelo, ku-rhinomurena eboshiwe, izinhlamvu zazo (ezifika ku-65 cm ubude) zinemibala emnyama, kepha ziyishintshe ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile, ziphenduke zibe ngabesilisa (65-70 cm ubude). Lapho nje ukukhula kwamadoda amadala kudlula uphawu lwama-70 cm, baba abesifazane, ngasikhathi sinye bashintshe umbala wabo ube ophuzi.
Izibungu zeMoray eel zithiwa (njengezibungu ze-eel) leptocephalic... Asobala ngokuphelele, anekhanda eliyindilinga nophiko olunguhlaza, futhi afinyelela ngokulambisa ku-7-10 mm lapho ezalwa. AmaLeptocephals cishe awakwazi ukubonwa emanzini, ngaphandle kwalokho, abhukuda kahle futhi athuthe, ngenxa yemisinga, ebangeni elide.
Ukuhamba okunjalo kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyishumi: ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu zikhula zibe izinhlanzi ezincane futhi zijwayele impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Ingozi kubantu
Abantu bebelokhu besaba ama-moray eels, bezama ukuziqhelelanisa nalezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinamazinyo bengenzi lutho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inyama ye-moray eel ibilokhu ibhekwa njengokudla okukhethekile, ngakho-ke bekusamele uyibambe.
Moray eel eRoma lasendulo
Okhokho bethu bakude kwakudingeka banqobe ukwesaba kwabo ngokubamba ama-moray eel, futhi eRoma lasendulo bakwazi ngisho nokusungula ukukhiqizwa kwala ma-eel emakhejini akhethekile. AmaRoma ayethanda ama-moray eels hhayi ngaphansi kwenyama yabazala bawo bamanzi angenasawoti, ama-eels, ekhonza izitsha zezinhlanzi ezimnandi emadilini kaningi nalawo amaningi.
Umlando wasendulo ugcine ngisho izinganekwane eziningana ezinikezelwe kuma-moray eels. Ngakho-ke, kunendaba mayelana no-tame moray eel othile owahamba ngomkhumbi ebiza umnikazi wawo, umRoma ogama lakhe linguCrassus.
Inganekwane ephawuleka ngokwengeziwe (ixoxwa ngokuningiliziwe nguSeneca noDion) ihlotshaniswa noKesari Augustus, owasungula uMbuso WaseRoma. U-Octavian Augustus wayengumngane nendodana yenkululeko, uPublius Vedius Pollio, owadluliselwa (ngentando ye-princeps) endaweni yamahhashi.
Ngesinye isikhathi umbusi wadla e-villa kanokusho yePollio ecebile, futhi owokugcina wayala ukuthi isigqila siphonswe ekudleni okusalele, okwaphula ngephutha indebe ye-crystal. Le nsizwa yaguqa ngamadolo, incenga umbusi ukuthi angayisindisi impilo yayo, kodwa enye indlela engeyona ebuhlungu kakhulu yokubulawa.
I-Octavian yathatha izitsha zokuphuza ezisele futhi yaqala ukuzishaya emabhodini amatshe phambi kukaPollio. Isigqila sanikezwa impilo, futhi ama-princeps athola (ngemuva kokufa kukaVedius) i-villa yamnikeza yona.
Ukudoba nokuzalanisa
Kulezi zinsuku, ubuchwepheshe bokuzalisa ama-moray eels ezimweni zokufakelwa sebulahlekile futhi lezi zinhlanzi azisakhuliswa.
Okubalulekile. Kukholakala ukuthi inyama yomkhovu (emhlophe futhi emnandi) ilungele ukudliwa kuphela lapho selikhishwe lonke igazi eligcwele ubuthi kuyo. Bebeyisizathu sokufa kanye nobuthi babantu abazama ama-moray eels ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ubuthi, empeleni, bunqwabelana emzimbeni we-moray eels lapho izinhlanzi ezinobuthi zasezindaweni ezishisayo ziba yisisekelo sokudla kwaso. Kepha esigodini saseMedithera, lapho abokugcina bengatholakali khona, kuvunyelwe ukudoba amateur kwama-moray eel. Ivunwa kusetshenziswa izingwegwe nezicupho, kanye nangokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okudoba ezemidlalo.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngephutha ama-eay aseYurophu angena ezingubeni zokudotshwa okuhloselwe ukubamba ezinye izinhlanzi (ngokungafani ne-moray eels) into enentshisekelo yezohwebo.
Ama-moray eel anamuhla ajwayele inqwaba yabatshuzi abatshela ngezihlukumezi ezicwiyayo ezibhukuda eduze kwabatshuzi bezinhlanzi, zivumela ukuqoshwa, ukuthintwa ngisho nokuzikhipha ezintweni zazo zasolwandle.
