I-penguin encane (encane) (i-Eudyptula minor) ingeyomndeni wama-penguin, ukuhleleka okufana nepenguin.
I-penguin encane isakazeka.
Iphengwini encane ihlala ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Australia nasenyakatho ekude, kanye nasogwini lwaseNew South Wales. Zitholakala ogwini lwaseNew Zealand.
I-Eudyptula minor encane yakha ama-subspecies ayisithupha. U-E. Novaehollandia udlulela ogwini lwase-Australia. Amanye ama-subspecies amahlanu: E. miredaei, e. M variabilis, e. M albosignata, e. M amancane, e. M chathamensis, bahlala eNew Zealand.
Indawo yokuhlala kwephengwini omncane.
Amaphengwini amancane ahlala kuma-biotopes asogwini anezimo ezifanele zokwakha isidleke. Zakha izidleke emigodini ezimbiwe esihlabathini noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Uma umhlabathi uthambe kakhulu futhi imisele ibhoboza, la ma-penguin ahlala emigedeni nasemifantwini yamatshe. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyinhloko zingasogwini olunamadwala, ama-savanna, ihlathi lehlathi. Amaphengwini amancane yizinyoni zasolwandle futhi achitha iningi lempilo yawo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zephengwini encane.
Amaphengwini amancane kakhulu yizinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza ezinokuphakama komzimba okungama-30 cm kanye nesisindo esingu-1.1 kuye ku-1.2 kg. Banomlomo omnyama omude ongu-35 mm. I-iris yamehlo iyisiliva, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mpunga nephuzi. Isilevu nomphimbo kumhlophe, izingxenye ezingezansi zamaphiko nomzimba zifana nombala ofanayo. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda, intamo nohlangothi lwasemuva, imilenze nomzimba kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umbala wezimpaphe zamaphengwini amancane uyafiphala ngokuguga, futhi izimpaphe ziba mhlophe, mpunga, nsundu. Abesilisa nabesifazane banombala wophaphe ofanayo. Abesilisa bakhulu ngosayizi. Ukuphakama kwamaphiko kwabobulili bobabili kungu-117.5 mm ngokwesilinganiso. Izinyoni ezincane zinezimpaphe ngemuva komthunzi okhanyayo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uqhwaku luncane futhi lufushane.
Ukuzalela iphengwini elincane.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, owesilisa uheha insikazi ngezingcingo zokukhwelana. Ubamba umzimba wakhe uqonde, uphakamisela amaphiko akhe emhlane, welule intamo yakhe ngekhanda phezulu futhi enze umsindo oshisayo.
Ama-penguin amancane akha ama-pair womuntu oyedwa ahlala njalo isikhathi eside.
Ukuzala kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba kuleli koloni. Izinyoni zingahlala phansi emigodini, emaweni nasemihumeni. Imigodi enezidleke ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamamitha ama-2 ekholoni elincane. Kodwa-ke, lapho ama-penguin esidleke emihumeni, izidleke zisondele ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili.
Clutch iqukethe 1 kuya 2 amaqanda. Amaqanda abushelelezi futhi amhlophe futhi anesisindo esingu-53 g. Ukufukamela kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-31 kuye kwezingama-40.
Indima enkulu ekuzalelweni ingeyabesifazane, kepha owesilisa uyimiselela njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 - 4. Amachwane anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-36 no-47 amagremu. Zimbozwe phansi futhi azishiyi isidleke isikhathi eside. Izinyoni ezindala zondla inzalo izinsuku eziyi-18 - 38. Ngemuva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi, abazali bagcina amaphuphu kuphela ebusuku. I-Fledging yenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50 kuya kwezingama-65, okuyisikhathi lapho amaphengwini amancane esinda khona ukusuka ku-800 g kuye ku-1150 g. Azimela ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezingama-57 kuya kwezingama-78. Amaphengwini amancane azala eneminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Ukungabi nokudla okwanele kubambezela inqubo yokuzala kabusha. Amathuba okuphumelela kokuzala nawo anda ngokukhula. Lo mkhuba ubangelwa ukuthi ama-penguin amadala anolwazi oluningi, okwandisa amathuba okusinda kwenzalo.
Izici zokuziphatha kwepenguin encane.
Amaphengwini amancane abonisa isimilo esihlukumezayo lapho kuzaliswa imingcele. Kulokhu, iphengwini kuqala lixwayisa umuntu ongene ngaphakathi, bese lihamba ngokushesha liqonde ngakuye, lenze ukuthintana okufishane nokuhlasela. Ixwayisa lapho isigelekeqe sisondela ebangeni elingu-1 kuya kwamamitha amathathu ukusuka kuphengwini. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni imemeza kakhulu futhi ivula izimpiko zayo. Ngokushesha ugijimela phambili lapho kungene khona umuntu omngenayo bese emshaya ngamaphiko akhe, bese ekhonkotha.
Amaphengwini amancane yizinyoni ezihamba ebusuku, kepha imvamisa achitha usuku lonke olwandle abuyele ezweni kusihlwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-penguin ayabhukuda esuka ogwini ebangeni elingu-8 kuye ku-9 km nangesikhathi samahora ayi-12 kuya kwayi-18. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokwakha izidleke, ama-penguin angenza uhambo olude aze afike ku-7-10 km, kepha angabi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka ogwini. Ama-penguin amancane asebenzisa amandla amaningi ukucwila emanzini, futhi yize ekwazi ukujula ajule ngamamitha angama-67, asathanda ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwamamitha amahlanu ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Izinyoni zibuyela ogwini ndawonye, zeqa zaphumela emhlabeni ngamaqembu. Ukuya ezweni ebumnyameni kunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukuqhamuka emanzini kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa noma emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga lapho kumnyama. Ukuhamba ngobuningi kwama-penguin amancane ngaphansi kobumnyama kungumcimbi wemvelo omangalisayo ohlose ukusinda kohlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuzidela akunakugwenywa. Ama-penguin amadala wezingane avame ukuba yisisulu soshaka, izimvu zamanzi nemikhomo ebulalayo. Iphengwini ngalinye elincane linezingoma ezihlukile ezizodwa ezisetshenziswa ngabazali nezingane zakwabo ukuhlukanisa abantu abangabazi kubantu bakulelo koloni.
Ukudla okuncane kwephengwini.
Amaphengwini amancane ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezidla izinhlanzi futhi abamba inyamazane yawo ekujuleni lapho entywila. Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlanzi ze-herring order (ama-anchovies nama-sardine). Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidliwayo zincike endaweni yephengwini. Amaphengwini amancane adla ama-squid amancane, octopus nama-crustaceans.
Isimo sokongiwa kwephengwini omncane.
Njengamanje, ama-penguin amancane aphakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto ezinobungozi obuncane ezinombolweni zabo. Kukholakala ukuthi inani lomhlaba lalezi zinyoni lingabantu abangaba ngu-1 000 000. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo kuncipha isibalo samaphengwini amancane ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezidlayo kanye nokungcola kukawoyela.
Ukuqina kokudoba ngenhloso yokuhweba kubangela ukuba kube namapenguin amaningi.
Izinto ezinjengokuphazamiseka, ukuguguleka kogu nokungcoliswa kwendawo yamanzi kanye nogu nakho kuthinta ukuzala kwalezi zinyoni. Amaphengwini amancane ayindawo edumile yokubuka izivakashi. Cishe izivakashi ezingama-500,000 ziza minyaka yonke ukuzobona leli penguin kolwandle olusogwini lwePhillip Island. Le nhlobo yezinyoni nayo inesithakazelo esikhulu kososayensi ngenxa yobuncane bayo nokukwazi ukuphila ngalolu sayizi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lesi sihloko sibalulekile ekutadisheni i-thermoregulation ezintweni eziphilayo.
Ama-subspecies E. albosignata manje athathwa njengasengozini futhi atholakala kuphela ogwini oluseningizimu yeNew Zealand.
