I-Jeyran - i-antelope enemilenze emide enomusa omnyama, enezimpondo ezigobile, omele umndeni wama-bovids. Ihlala endaweni yamazwe amaningi ase-Asia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezingagwadule. ERussia, lesi silwane esinezinselo ezinenselo singatholakala eCaucasus, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeDagestan.
Incazelo nezici
Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-80 cm kuye ku-120 cm, isisindo somuntu ojwayelekile singama-25 kg, kunabantu abathile abanesisindo esingama-40 kg. Ukubuna kugxuma nge-sacrum. Izimpondo ze-Lyrate ezinokukhubazeka okuyinduna emadodeni aze afike ku-30 cm ubude yinto ehlukile yalezi zinhlwathi.
Owesifazane o-Goitered azinazo izimpondo, kuphela kwabanye abamele lezi zinhlwathi, ungabona iziqalo zezimpondo, ezingekho ngaphezu kwama-3 cm ubude.Izindlebe zitholakala nge-engela elincane maqondana nomunye nomunye futhi zifinyelela kubude obungu-15 cm.
Isisu nentamo insephe kupendwe okumhlophe, izinhlangothi nangemuva - beige, umbala wesihlabathi. Isifonyo se-antelope sihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama, iphethini yobuso iphinyiswa ngesimo sendawo ebhulohweni lekhala kubantu abasha. Umsila unethiphu emnyama.
Imilenze yensikazi enezimpiko mncane futhi inamandla, ivumela isilwane ukuba sihambe kalula ezindaweni ezinentaba futhi sinqobe izithiyo ezinamadwala. Izinselo zincane futhi zikhombe. AmaJayrans ayakwazi ukwenza ukugxuma okubukhali okweqile kuze kufike kumamitha ayisithupha ubude kuze kufike kumamitha amabili ukuphakama.
Izinsephe ezinama-goitered azikhuthazeki kahle. Ezintabeni, insephe ikwazi ukukhuphukela ebangeni eliphakeme lamakhilomitha ama-2,5, izinkambo ezinzima zinikezwa izilwane ngobunzima. Isilwane singafa kalula phakathi nokuhamba okude, ngokwesibonelo, ukubambeka eqhweni. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlwathi ezinemilenze emide zingabagijimi abaningi, kunokuba kube ezindala. Insephe yesteppe kuboniswe esithombeni.
Izinhlobo
Inani lempunzi lihlukaniswe laba yimifucumfucu eminingana, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ama-subspecies amaTurkmen ahlala endaweni yaseTajikistan, Kazakhstan naseTurkmenistan. INyakatho yeChina neMongolia kuhlala izinhlobo zezilwane zaseMongolia.
E-Turkey, eSyria nase-Iran - ama-subspecies asePheresiya. Ama-subspecies ase-Arabia atholakala eTurkey, e-Iran naseSyria. Abanye ososayensi bahlukanisa olunye uhlobo lwenyamazane - iSeistan, ihlala e-Afghanistan naseBaluchistan, itholakala endaweni eseMpumalanga ye-Iran.
Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, inani lezinyamazane lalingelinye labaningi kakhulu ogwadule, yize babezingelwa mihla namalanga yizakhamizi zezifunda zasendaweni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zinsephe zazinika umuntu inyama enhle nesikhumba esiqinile, kusukela kunsephe ebulewe eyodwa kwakungafinyelela ku-15 kg wenyama.
I-Jeyran ehlane
Ukwehla okuyinhlekelele kwenani labantu kwaqala umzuzu lapho umuntu eqala ukuqothula abantu abaningi: ezimotweni, kuphuphuthekisa amalambu, abantu baqhubela izilwane ezingibeni, lapho bazidubula khona njengemihlambi yonke.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ezimbili, inani lezinsikazi lalinganiselwa kubantu abayi-140,000. Izinga lokuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo lenyuke ngo-third kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Izinsephe ezinama-goitered sezicishe zanyamalala ngokuphelele ezindaweni zase-Azerbaijan naseTurkey. E-Kazakhstan naseTurkmenistan, inani labantu lehle izikhathi eziningana.
Usongo olukhulu emphakathini kuseyinto eyenziwa ngabantu: ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuzingela izindawo zezinyoni zamadlelo nezolimo. I-Jeyran yindaba yokuzingelwa kwezemidlalo, yize ukuyizingela kungavunyelwe ngokusemthethweni.
Manje kunezinqolobane eziningana lapho zizama ukuvikela nokugcina inani lezimpunzi. Iphrojekthi ye-WWF eTurkmenistan yokubuyiselwa kwalezi zinhlobo emagqumeni we-Western Kopetdag isiqediwe. Njengamanje, i-goitered gazelle ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini ngokwesimo sayo sokongiwa.
Izindlela zokonga ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo zifaka:
- Ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela;
- Ukuzalela izinhlobo zezilwane ngaphansi kwezimo zokubekiwe;
- Ukufakwa kwensikazi ku-International Red Book naseRed Book yaseRussia.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UJeyran uhlala emhlabathini onamatshe odaka izingwadule kanye nogwadule oluncane, ikhetha izindawo eziyizicaba noma ezinamagquma kancane. Lezi zinhlwathi azithandi ukuhamba ibanga elide, zivame ukuzula ebusika, zihamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-30 ngosuku.
Isikhathi esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwesilwane sisekuseni nasekuseni kakhulu. Lokhu kungachazwa kalula, emini ogwadule kuyashisa kakhulu futhi izinhlwathi ziphoqeleka ukuba zicashe ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Ebusika, isilwane sisebenza usuku lonke.
Jeyran owesilisa
Ebusuku, izinsephe zihlala emibhedeni yazo. Amabhentshi ayizicucu ezincane zama-oval phansi. AmaJeyrans awasebenzisa kaningana futhi njalo ashiye obulongwe bawo emaphethelweni omgodi. Indawo oyithandayo yokulala - intamo nekhanda ngomlenze owodwa kunwetshwe phambili, yonke imilenze igobile ngaphansi komzimba.
Abantu baxhumana bodwa ngokusebenzisa izwi nezimpawu ezibukwayo. Bayakwazi ukwethusa isitha: isexwayiso siqala ngokuthimula okukhulu, bese insephe ishaya phansi ngezinselo zayo zangaphambili. Lesi siko siwuhlobo lomyalo kubantu besizwe esikulo muntu ovikelayo - wonke umhlambi ngokuzumayo uyagxuma abaleke.
Ibukeka kanjani insephe ngesikhathi se-molting sihlala siyimfihlakalo. Ososayensi bemvelo abavamile ukukwazi ukubamba isilwane esinezimpawu ezicacile zale nqubo. Kutholakale ukuthi insephe isakaza kabili ngonyaka. I-molt yokuqala iqala ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sasebusika futhi ihlala kuze kube nguMeyi. Uma isilwane sizacile noma sigula, isikhathi se-molt senzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uboya basehlobo balezi zilwane, obumnyama kunobusika, futhi obuncane futhi obuzacile, bungu-1.5 cm kuphela.Isikhathi sesibili sokuncibilika siqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Ama-Jeyrans awuphawu nobuntu bomuntu ogwadule. Izimpala ezinemilenze emide zihlala ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo nezesimo sezulu futhi zinezitha eziningi. Imvelo ibasiza kanjani ukuba baphile? Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngempilo yensikazi:
- Esinye sezici ezihlukile ezisiza izinsephe zisinde ngesikhathi sesomiso eside: ikhono lokunciphisa ivolumu yezitho zangaphakathi ezithatha umoya-mpilo - inhliziyo nesibindi, ngokunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula. Lokhu kuvumela izinsephe ukuthi zinciphise ukulahleka koketshezi oluqoqiwe emzimbeni ngama-40%.
AmaJeyran agijima kakhulu agxume aye phezulu
- Umbala ovikelayo uvumela insephe ukuthi ihlangane nezwe, okubanikeza elinye ithuba lokusinda: uma behluleka ukweqa, bangacasha.
- Umbono omuhle kakhulu wangaphandle kanye nokukwazi ukwenza izinqumo zethimba: ososayensi bakwazile ukubona ukuthi izinsephe, ezilwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuganga, ngokungazelelwe zabona isilwane esasondela, ngasikhathi sinye, zenza uhlangothi lweqa ngokuvumelanayo nangesikhathi esisodwa, njengokungathi ngomyalo. Ngemuva kokunyamalala kwengozi, ngomoya ophansi babuyela ezimpini zabo.
- Insephe yensimbi ithole isidlaliso "umsila omnyama" phakathi kwabantu. Ngokwethuka okukhulu, inyamazane iqala ukugijima, ngenkathi iphakamisa umsila wayo omnyama phezulu, ogqama kakhulu ngasemuva "kwesibuko" esimhlophe.
- Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-larynx sinikeza izinsephe ngemininingwane yangempela yezwi - sinikela ekuphakameni kwezwi okuphansi. Kwabesilisa, umphimbo wehliswa, futhi ekwakhiweni kwawo kungaqhathaniswa nomphimbo wezilwane ezine, esinye sazo okungumuntu. Ngenxa yalesi sici, uyakwazi ukwenza umsindo ophansi, onolaka, ngenxa yalokho kubonakala ezitheni zakhe nakubaphikisi ukuthi lowo muntu mkhulu futhi unamandla kakhulu kunalokho ayikho.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isilwane saseGeyran imifino nomhlambi wezinkomo. Isisekelo sokudla kwakhe siqukethe amahlumela amancane ezihlahlana notshani obumnandi: ibarnyard, capers, umhlonyane. Sebebonke, badla izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zamakhambi. Kunamanzi amancane ezingwadule, ngakho-ke kufanele bahambe kaningana ngesonto befuna isiphuzo.
Ama-Jeyrans - ama-ungulates angenantobeko, angaphuza amanzi ahlanzekile nawosawoti, futhi ngaphandle kwamanzi nhlobo, angenza izinsuku ezi-7. Bafinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lemihlambi ebusika: isikhathi sokukhwela sisemuva, abesifazane babuye namazinyane asekhulile.
Ubusika bezinsephe zase-Asia yisikhathi esinzima. Ngenxa yeqhwa elijulile noqweqwe lweqhwa, ingxenye enkulu yomhlambi iyabhubha. Izitha eziyinhloko zezinsephe ziyizimpisi, kepha izinkozi zegolide nezimpungushe nazo zizingela ngenkuthalo.
Izinhlwathi ezi-goitered - izilwane ezinamahloni, noma yimuphi umsindo ubangela ukuba batatazele, futhi bangaba nesivinini sokugijima esifinyelela ku-60 km / h, futhi abantu abasha bamane bagone phansi, bahlangane nakho ngenxa yezici zombala wazo.
Ubudlelwano babo nabantu nabo abuzange busebenze: abantu badubula lezi zilwane ngonya ngenxa yenyama yazo emnandi, eyehlise kakhulu inani lazo. Manje insephe okubalwe ku- Incwadi Ebomvu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwensikazi nesikhathi sokuphila
Ekwindla yisikhathi sokukhwelana Izinsephe zesilisa... "Izindlu zangasese ezi-rutting" noma "izinsika zomngcele" yizimpawu ezivelele zalesi sikhathi. Abesilisa bamba izimbobo ezincane emhlabathini ukuze babeke indawo yabo ngendle. Lokhu kuziphatha kuyisicelo sokuqala kwemincintiswano yabesifazane.
Ama-Jeyrans - abesilisa banolaka kakhulu futhi abangalindeki ngalesi sikhathi. Kuyenzeka ukuthi bambe "izimbobo zomjaho" zabanye abesilisa bese bebeka indle yabo lapho. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesilisa kufinyelelwa eminyakeni emibili, kwabesifazane abanonyaka owodwa. Ngesikhathi sokuguga, abesilisa bangakhipha izingcingo ezikhethekile ezihoshozelayo. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, umphimbo emadodeni uvela njenge-goiter.
Insephe encane ebusika
Izinduna zabesilisa zinezinsikazi ezi-2-5, uyazigada ngokucophelela futhi axoshe ezinye ezeduna. Impi phakathi kwamadoda iyi-duel, lapho izilwane zigobisa amakhanda phansi, zishayisane nezimpondo zazo futhi zidudule ngamandla onke.
Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Amathole azalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, njengomthetho, abesifazane bazala amawundlu amabili, yize amarekhodi nawo eqoshiwe - amawundlu amane ngasikhathi. Amathole anesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu amabili nje kuphela futhi awakwazi ukusukuma ngokushesha. Umama ubondla ngobisi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku, esendaweni yokukhosela futhi ebavikela ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Ukuvikela izingane, owesifazane ungesabi angene empini, kodwa kuphela uma impi iseduze. Uzama ukuthatha indoda noma impisi kude ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yokukhosela amawundlu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine, ukuncelisa izingane ubisi kuyaphela, amawundlu ashintshela emadlelweni emifino, umama nezingane babuyela emhlambini. Isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-8, yize kukhona abanye abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ubudala.
Le nsephe encane nenomusa iyashintshwa ukuze iphile ezimweni ezinzima zasogwadule. Imvelo ibanikeze ngezici ezihlukile zesakhiwo nokuqapha okungokwemvelo. Futhi ngumuntu kuphela okwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele lonke inani lalesi silwane esiyingqayizivele. I-Jeyran iyinhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa, idinga ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa ngokucophelela.
