Impilo eyingqayizivele ye-dipper evamile idonsela ukunakekelwa iningi lama-ornithologists. Ngenxa yobuncane bayo nokufana kwayo kubantu abavamile, lenyoni ibizwa nge-thrush yamanzi noma undlunkulu wamanzi.
Amanzi asho ukulutheka kwakhe entweni yamanzi, ngoba ngaphandle kwakhe ubukhona benyoni abunancazelo. Ungubani ukudiphaLuhola hlobo luni lwempilo futhi kungani ludonsela ukunaka kososayensi?
Incazelo nezici
I-Dipper mhlawumbe iyinyoni eyinqaba kunayo yonke yokulandelana okuningi kwabantu abadlulayo. Leli butho linamalungu ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu abamele osayizi abahlukahlukene. I-gannet inamathuba amaningi okuthi ifane nenkanyezi egqamile kunosayizi we-thrush, owesilisa ungama-20 cm ubude, owesifazane mncane kancane, aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-18. Unesisindo esingama-gramu angama-50, kukhona abantu abanesisindo esifinyelela kuma-gramu angama-90. Ngesikhathi sokundiza, ukusabalala kwamaphiko kufika ku-30 cm.
Umzimba ubumbene kakhulu, ufushaniswe ngenxa yomsila omncane. Impumulo imfushane futhi ifakwe ngaphakathi ezinhlangothini, okwenza ibonakale ivuliwe. Esinye sezici zalesi sibonelo ukungabi bikho kokuqina kwesikhumba ngaphansi komlomo. Amakhala akhona, ambozwe ngamavalvu ama-horny.
Izimbobo zezindlebe zinesakhiwo esifanayo, okwenza kube lula ukufuna ukudla ngaphansi kwamanzi nokuguqula amatshe.
Yize kuyinkinga enkulu ukuhlangana notshisi, ngoba awubathandi omakhelwane kanye nababukayo, kulula kakhulu ukukuqaphela. Ososayensi badubula ividiyo nezithombe ngesikhathi sokufukamela kwamaqanda, lapho izinyoni cishe zingasuki esidlekeni.
Izinyamazane esithombeni kubukeka kanjena: izimpiko, emuva nomsila kunezimpaphe ezinsundu, ziphonsa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi kufakwa nokhola omhlophe esifubeni nasesiswini. Ikhanda linombala onsundu. Uma ubheka le nyoni eduze, iphethini ngemuva ngesimo sesikali iyabonakala, ayibonakali buqamama.
Umbala wezinyoni, kuya ngobulili nesikhathi sonyaka, uhlala ungashintshi. Kwehluka kuphela kuye ngohlobo lwezinyoni. Amachwane anombala ohluke kancane. Umhlane wazo ungwevu onsundu ngephethini enesikhumba, kanti isifuba simpunga ngokukhanyayo.
Izimpaphe zale nyoni ziminyene kakhulu futhi zitholakala ngendlela yokuthi umoya awudluli phakathi kwazo, ngaphezu kwalokho, o-dipper bathambisa izimpaphe ngokukhipha izindlala ezinamafutha, njengezinyoni eziningi zasemanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, umshini wokuntywila awumanzi ngokucwiliswa emanzini.
Kuneminwe emide emilenzeni emincane, emithathu yayo ebheka phambili, nomhlane owodwa omfishane. Umunwe ngamunye unozipho olubukhali, ngenxa yokuthi inyoni igcina kahle emithambekeni enamadwala nasezinguzungeni zeqhwa.
I-thrush yamanzi ihlukaniswa ngokucula okuhle. Njengezinyoni eziningi, abesilisa kuphela abaculayo, ukucula kuhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Imisindo ekhiphayo inomsindo omkhulu, futhi uyizwa ebusika, okuyinto ejwayelekile kulolu hlobo lomuntu odlulayo.
Esinye sezici ukucwiliswa emanzini e-ice, yingakho bathole isidlaliso - i-diver. Le nyoni ingangena emanzini ngamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku (-40) degrees, izulazule ngezansi, idle iphume emhlabeni. I-Dipper uzizwa kahleeqhweni.
Izinhlobo
Ensimini yaseRussia, ngaphezu kokumila okuvamile, uyaphila i-dipper ensundu... Izwe lakubo yiMpumalanga Ekude. Izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo zithanda izintaba, ngakho-ke ungazibona eTien Shan noma ePamir, kanye nasogwini lolwandle olusenyakatho naseJapan.
Okucacile ngale nyoni ukuthi ngeke uyithole kwezinye izifunda. Uthanda imifula esheshayo yezintaba ngamanzi abandayo angabandi ebusika. Uma amanzi eba yiqhwa, izinyoni zibheka izimbobo.
Abamele abansundu ngakho-ke baqanjwa ngoba bansundu ngokuphelele noma nsundu ngokuphelele. Abanaso isici esimhlophe. Mkhulu kancane kunesihlobo sakhe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zonke izici ziyefana.
Ngaphezu kophilisi abavamile nabansundu, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphezulu: i-American, i-griffon nekhanda elibomvu. Onke amagama ayazikhulumela, ahambisana nombala noma indawo yokuhlala. Akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo.
Inyoni yaseMelika noma yaseMexico imbozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe ezimpunga, kwesinye isikhathi izimpaphe ezimhlophe ziyabonakala kumajwabu amehlo. Kunezibonelo ezinekhanda elinsundu. Kusatshalaliswe kusuka ePanama kuya e-Alaska. Inemilenze emincanyana emide emincane, evumela ukuthi igijime ngokushesha osebeni olunamadwala lwemifula esezintabeni.
I-grizzly dipper ihlala eNingizimu Melika. Inani labantu alibangeli ukwesaba okuthile kokuqothulwa phakathi kwabaqaphi bezinyoni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uyakwazi ukuqandula amaphuphu kabili ngonyaka, okuyinto engenzeki nakwabanye abadlulayo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Insimu yokusatshalaliswa kweDipper inkulu kakhulu. Izinhlobo zayo ezahlukahlukene zitholakala e-Kola Peninsula, eningizimu yeSiberia, e-Urals, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Amanye ama-subspecies atholakala ezifundeni zezintaba zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.
Izinyoni zihlela izindawo zazo zokuhlala osebeni lwemifula ebandayo esezintabeni, kodwa azikukhathazi ukuhlala ngasogwini lwamachibi namanzi olwandle. Into eyodwa ehlukanisa odonsa kwezinye izinyoni ukucaca nokusobala kwamanzi, okwenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla.
Amanzi anodaka awahegi izinyoni, kepha ngesikhathi sendiza angangena kuwo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana ezindaweni eziyizicaba, kuphela ngesikhathi sokufuduka nokuhlaliswa kabusha kwezilwane ezisencane ezikhulile.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abanye abantu bakhetha amanzi abandayo emifula. Bathanda ukuhlala ezintabeni zeqhwa, bacasha ngaphansi kwabo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Uma uvakashela imifula yezintaba ebusika, uzokuzwa ukucula okude, okude futhi okuhle. Ikakhulukazi lapho izinkantolo zesilisa kungowesifazane.
Isithombe sihle: owesilisa wehlisa umsila wakhe ovulekile namaphiko axegayo, anyathele endaweni, avunguze futhi acule.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umshini wokuntywila wehlukanisa izindawo zokondla nokufukamela amaqanda. Ibanga phakathi kwamasayithi lifinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Okungukuthi, owesilisa uyandiza asuke esidlekeni athole ukudla, kuyilapho insikazi ihlala esidlekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi nayo iyashiya esidlekeni iyofuna ukudla nokuthi nje ifudumale.
Ama-dippers achamisela inzalo yawo ezidlekeni ezifanayo minyaka yonke. Ungazibona osebeni lwemifula, ngaphansi kwezimpande ezigeziwe zezihlahla ezisogwini, ematsheni ahlukene asicaba, emifantwini yezintaba nasemhlabathini nje, kepha njalo eduze kwamanzi.
Izinto zokwakha izindlu yilezi:
- utshani obomile;
- amahlumela amancane nezimpande;
- izimila zasolwandle;
- ubulembu.
Kusuka ngaphakathi, isidleke sigcwele amaqabunga omile, izinsalela zokuncibilikisa kwezilwane. Kubukeka njengebhola elivaleke ngokuphelele. Ngaphambili kunembobo yokungena ebheke emanzini. Lo mgodi uvalwe ngokucophelela yizinyoni.
I-Deer iyinyoni efudukayo noma cha? Ebusika, ngenxa yokubandayo kwemizimba yamanzi, ama-dipper andiza asondele eduze kwezifunda eziseningizimu, lapho angathola khona ukudla kalula, abuyele ezidlekeni zawo lapho kuqala ukushisa. "Isakhiwo" esiyindilinga siyalungiswa futhi kubekwa amaqanda.
Ingane enamahloni ithandwa kakhulu ngabantu basenyakatho, futhi eNorway iyisibonakaliso sesizwe. Ngokwezinganekwane zasendulo, amaphiko akhe ayelengiswe phezu kombhede. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi izingane zizokhula ziqine, ziqine futhi zibe nempilo, njengodiphu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngokobungako benyoni, akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi idla ini:
- izibungu;
- izimbungulu nezibungu zazo;
- cddisflies;
- i-caviar;
- Fry wezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ngokuvamile, konke okulingana nomlomo ogwini nangaphansi kwamanzi. Njengoba sesikubonile lokho ukucwilisa ngaphansi kwamanzi uzizwa kahle. Iyashesha emoyeni ngaphezulu, bese ngokungazelelwe yehlisa ikhanda layo ngaphansi kwamanzi, izama ukubamba inyamazane.
Noma iya ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokuphelele, igijima ngezansi, i-rummage ngaphansi kwamatshe, izimpukane zifuna ukudla. Ngokudingekile ngokumelene nomfudlana. Inamandla okugijima ize ifike kumamitha angama-20 ngezansi. Le nyoni iyakwazi ukuvula amaphiko ayo ukuze amanzi ayicindezele iye ezansi, kuthi lapho isongwa, iyidudulele phezulu.
Umbuzo uqhamuka, uma ungaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside, uphefumula ini? Ukwenza lokhu, le nyoni imunca amabhamuza womoya akheka ezimpapheni ngesikhathi sokuntywila, ngenxa yamafutha amaningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuzala inzalo kabili ngonyaka, ngezinyoni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ezizayo. Amaqanda mancane, afinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubude. Umbala wegobolondo umhlophe, awunamabala, njengezinyoni eziningi. Kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-17 kuya kwezingama-20, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, cishe ingekho ekudleni. Owesilisa uletha ukudla. Futhi unendaba nokuphepha komndeni wakhe.
Ngosuku lwamashumi amabili, amaqanda achamisela namachwane avela. Imvuthuluka emincane embozwe nge-grey fluff ngoqhwaku oluphuzi kanye nesisekelo esiwugqinsi esiwolintshi, kusukela kwimizuzu yokuqala bazibonakalisa ngentshiseko, bevula imilomo yabo befuna ukudla.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, lapho besesidlekeni, insikazi nowesilisa babanikeza ukudla futhi babanakekele ngayo yonke indlela.
Amachwane akhula ngokushesha, emva kwenyanga aphumela ngaphandle ayobheka abazali bawo, acashe ngemuva kwamatshe. Ojahidada bafunda ukuzingela nokundiza. Lapho beyazi kahle le sayensi, owesifazane nowesilisa bayasinda besuka esidlekeni bangene empilweni ezimele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla. Abazali baqala ukubekwa kwesibili.
Ngemuva konyaka, amaphuphu akhule ngokugcwele bese eqala ukukhwelana. Kuyathakazelisa! Zakha amabhangqa amasha, izinyoni zihlala endaweni ehlukile osebeni lwamachibi amanzi angenasawoti.
Indawo ehlala kuyo inkulu kakhulu ngobude, i-1.5 km. Bavikela ngenkuthalo amasimu abo ekuhlaselweni komakhelwane, iziphuzo ezifanayo nezinye izinyoni. Ama-dippers aphila ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Njengoba sezifunde zonke izici, abaningi bazothanda lolu hlobo lwezinyoni. Indawo ekhethekile inikezwa amakhono ayingqayizivele okutshuza, ukuzulazula phansi futhi undize ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini aneqhwa. Umbukwane uyalinga impela, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu okwazi ukuwuthatha, ngoba izinyoni azibathandi abantu.
Inyoni yenyamazana ukufuduka, kepha njalo kubuyela emakhaya abo. Ukuhluka kwayo kuxhomeke ekutheni basheshe bavumelanise inzalo yabo nempilo yangakusasa, ngemuva kwalokho okungenzeka ukuthi bahlangane. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-brood ivela kabili ngonyaka, inani labadiphuli lihlala liningi futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokunyamalala kwalo.
