Izindawo ezishisayo zase-Asia kuhlala isilwane esincelisayo esincane - tupaya... Izingxabano zesayensi mayelana nokuhlelwa kwezilwane akuzange kudambe amashumi eminyaka. Okhokho abayizinsalela ababephila ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs babengahlukanga kangako esakhiweni kusukela ezilwaneni zesimanje. Ama-Zoologists aqale ngokuhlongoza ukuthi ahlukanise i-tupaya njenge-primate, futhi kamuva njenge-insectivore. Sama eqenjini elihlukile lama-tupayev noma eLatin Scandentia.
Incazelo nezici
Abantu ababuke lezi zilwane banemibono engafani ngokuvela kwazo. Omunye uqhathanisa i-tupaya ne-squirrel, anake ukuxokozela kwayo nendlela edla ngayo, ehlezi ezithweni zayo zangemuva futhi ephethe isithelo noma isinambuzane esinezidladla zangaphambili.
Abanye bathola ukufana kwangaphandle negundane. Ososayensi bahlukanisa izimpawu zezinkawu ezilwaneni ezincelisayo - ukwakheka kwezitho, amazinyo, ubukhona be-hyoid, indlela yokuphila enenkuni.
Isilwane seTupaya encane ngosayizi nesisindo. Ubuningi belungu elikhulu lomndeni wakwaTupayev abweqi ikota yekhilogremu. Umzimba ovulekile futhi onomusa ongu-10-25 cm uthweswe umsila omude ophuzi.
Okuhlukile yi-tupaya enomsila, enomsila onempandla, ngaphandle kwenwele enqeni. Isifonyo siwumngcingo, selulelwe ngasekhaleni. Izindlebe eziyindilinga zikhulu ngokwanele, amehlo abheka ezinhlangothini. Lokhu kubukeka kanjena tupaya esithombeni.
Imvelo inikeze izilwane inani elikhulu lama-receptors emakhaleni kanye nokuma kwamakhala afana ne-canine, okunikeza umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Impumulo namehlo kumaphakathi kwezinzwa lapho kuthungathwa ukudla. Imilenze yezinzwane eziyisihlanu ngaphambili mide kunaleyo yangemuva.
Ubuchopho bukhulu maqondana nesisindo somzimba, kepha bungakudala. Umbala woboya obuthambile, obuminyene buyehlukahluka kusuka kobomvu kuya kokusundu okumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama. Ngaseningizimu ekude i-biotope yemvelo, umbala ocebile futhi omnyama wesilwane. Abantu bobulili obuhlukile abanakho umehluko ngesisindo noma ngosayizi.
UTupai uxhumana nomunye ngezwi, iphunga, kaningi basebenzisa ukuma, isimo sobuso. Shout of tupaya ezinzima futhi ezingathandeki ezilwaneni nakubantu. Sizwakalisa ukungeneliseki ngokuhlala kwesiza saso, isilwane sinikeza amasignali amakhulu futhi ahlabayo kangangokuthi umfokazi uphuthuma abaleke ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izazi ze-Zoologists zizame amagundane okuhlola, zabanika ukuqoshwa kwezwi kwe-tupai ethukuthele. Amagundane abethuka, azama ukubaleka, kanti amanye abe nokudlikizela kwemizwa. Imingcele yendawo tupaya isilwane amamaki ngomchamo nezinto ezithile. Izilwane zikhipha imfihlo ngezindlala ezisesiswini, emphinjeni nasesifubeni.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo azenzi ushintsho olukhulu ekubukekeni, noma ngabe izilwane zinhloboni yezinhlobo zazo. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo yindawo yokuhlala, usayizi. Ama-Zoologists ahlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-tupaya:
- Okuvamile
Ubukhulu bomzimba obungu-18 cm, ezinye izinhlobo zikhula zifike kuma-cm 22. Ubude bomsila buhambisana nomzimba ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 nephutha elincane. Ngemuva kune-ocher, olive noma mnyama. Imivimbo emhlophe ihlobisa amahlombe. Umbala wesisu usukela kokumhlophe kuye kobunsundu ngokujulile.
Kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo i-tupaya ejwayelekile iyahluka ngoboya obuncane kakhulu. Esilwaneni esincelisayo somlomo, isifonyo asihlalanga kakhulu. Indawo yokusabalalisa ihlanganisa eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Asia, iziqhingi zase-Indonesia, enyakatho yeNdiya, eChina. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini kunezihlahla, njengoba kucatshangwa ngaphambili. Wakha nendawo yokuhlala lapho.
- Kukhulu
Isilwane esimnyama esinsundu esinobumba obungamasentimitha angama-20 esinosayizi ofanayo wegolide nomsila we-orange sihlala eziqhingini zaseMalaysia - iKalimantan, Borneo neSumatra. I-tupaya enkulu Ihlukaniswa ngama-auricles ayindilinga, amehlo amakhulu nesifonyo esikhombe. Iningi lamahora emini lihlala ezihlahleni.
- Isi-Malay
Ubude bomzimba nomsila bungamasentimitha ayi-12-18.Isisu esisagolide nesawolintshi sigqame njengendawo ekhanyayo ngemuva komhlane onsundu omnyama. Kutholakala eThailand, eziqhingini zase-Indonesia. Umzimba mncane, unomusa.
Amehlo amakhulu avele ekhanda. IsiMalay blunt yakha i-pair eyodwa engahlukani kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Okuhlukile ngabamele izinhlobo ezihlala eSingapore. Lapho kwaqashelwa ukuthi abesilisa bakhwelana nabesifazane abaningana.
- Indiya
Kubukeka njenge-tupaya ejwayelekile enomlomo ofushanisiwe ofanayo. Uyehluka ezindlebeni ezimbozwe ngesakhiwo sezinwele namazinyo. Umbala ongemuva onsundu ngokufakwa kwama-shades ahlukahlukene - obomvu, omnyama, ophuzi. Isisu sikhanya - mpunga-phuzi ngephethini lamachashaza ansundu. Imivimbo elula ihlobisa amahlombe. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-20 cm, umsila ufushane ngo-1 cm.
Indawo yokusabalalisa isenyakatho yezwekazi laseNdiya. Bahlala ehlathini, emithambekeni enamadwala. Kwesinye isikhathi bayaphuma baye kubantu, bavakashele umhlaba wezolimo. Indian tupaya kubhekiswa ezindaweni zokuhlala, ngoba indawo yokuhlala isilinganiselwe. Ichitha impilo yayo yonke ihamba neziqu kanye namagatsha ezihlahla emini.
- Uphaphe olunomsila
Izinhlobo ezincane ezihloliwe. Umehluko kwabanye abameleli be-tupayevy - ngosayizi abancane kusuka ku-10 cm, izindlebe ezinkulu, ezicijile, indlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo ngumsila omnyama, onamafutha onesihluthu sezinwele ezimhlophe ezigqamile ekugcineni.
Izinwele zehlukaniswa zaba ukuhlukaniswa, ngaphandle kufana nophaphe, yingakho igama - i-feather-tailed tupaya. Uboya bumpunga ngokufakwa kwamathoni ansundu namabhulethi amnyama. Umsila ubude bawo bungu-1-6 cm kunomzimba. Izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala eningizimu yePeninsula yaseMalay, eSumatra.
- I-Smoothtail
Echoseni elisenyakatho leBorneo, kukhona abamele izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-tupaya. Zihlukaniswa ngombala wekhanda ongajwayelekile emndenini wakwaTupayev. Imivimbo ebomvu emnyama ihamba eceleni komlomo. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba imnyama, icishe ibe mnyama, isisu silula.
- I-Philippine
Isisindo sifinyelela kuma-350 g ngobude obungu-cm 20. Igama lezinhlobo zalo likhuluma kabanzi ngendawo elihlala kuyo. UTupai ukhethe isiqhingi saseMindanao, lapho kuhlala khona ingxenye enkulu yabantu. Isici esihlukile, ngaphezu kwesisindo somzimba, umsila omfushane ngokuqhathaniswa. Umbala ogqamile woboya bunsundu ocebile, isifuba nesisu kukhanya. Izinambuzane zakha isisekelo sokudla.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-biotopes emvelo afaka amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo asezindaweni ezishisayo, nezintaba, ezisendaweni ephakeme engengaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2-3 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izindawo zokukhosela iTupaya zakhiwe emigodini yezihlahla eziwile, zisebenzisa izikhala eziphakathi kwezimpande, uqalo olungenalutho.
Zigxuma ngobuciko zisuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni, zigijime zehle zehle ngeziqu zezihlahla. Kepha, nokho, iningi lamahora emini bafuna ukudla e-turf yehlathi, embozwe ngamaqabunga awile.
Zihlala zodwa, ngazimbili noma ngamaqembu amancane omndeni. ITupaya ineziza zayo ngazinye ezingange-hectare, abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa. Izilwane zimaka indawo yazo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku futhi ziqaphe ngomona abantu ezingabazi. Uma kunemfihlo enukayo, amasiginali womsindo awasizi, kusetshenziswa amazinyo nezidladla ezinezipho ezicijile. UTupai unolaka, ulwa nesitha kwesinye isikhathi kugcina ngokufa kwabanqotshiwe.
Ososayensi banesithakazelo ekuluthekeni kwe-tupaya enomsila onomsila kujusi wesundu ovutshiwe, noma ngokunembile, ikhono lokuphula utshwala ngobuningi. Isundu iBertham elikhula eziQhingini zaseMalay liqukethe umpe oqukethe i-ethyl alcohol, abantu bendawo abaziyo ngayo futhi kade bayisebenzisa kanye nezilwane.
Ukubhekwa kwezilwane kukhombisile ukuthi ngevolumu enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwejusi, i-tupai ayilahlekelwa ukuhlangana kokuhamba, kepha iyaqhubeka nokuhola indlela yazo ejwayelekile yokuphila. Njengoba kwenzeka, izilwane zinendlela yazo yokuhlukanisa utshwala, okuyinto engeyona uphawu lomzimba womuntu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwe-tupaya kuqukethe izinambuzane, imbewu, izithelo, amajikijolo, kepha ukudla kwezilwane kungaphezulu kokunambitha, kufaka phakathi:
- izibankwa;
- amagundane, amatshwele;
- amaxoxo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zinobuchule bokulawula imilenze yazo yangaphambili kangangokuthi zibamba ibhungane noma intethe endiza. Indawo ehlafunayo yamazinyo inesakhiwo esifana ne-grater, esiza ukubhekana nesiqu esiqinile sesithelo, ukumbozwa okunamanzi kwezinambuzane. Izimvemvane, izintuthwane, izibungu ze-tupaya zibhekwa phansi phakathi kwamaqabunga awile noma emifantwini yamagxolo ezihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi zonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni ngokudla amaqanda namachwane.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ukubulala amagundane amancane, izinhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane zisebenzisa inqubo oyithandayo - ukuphosa okusheshayo nokuluma endaweni yentamo. Lapho zifuna ukudla, lezi zilwane zishwiba umsila wazo futhi zishwibeka ngendlela ekhethekile ngekhala lazo. Ukuhlala eduze nezindawo okuhlala kuzo abantu, befuna ukudla, bangenela izingadi nezakhiwo zokuhlala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesifazane bakulungele ukukhulelwa kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala unyaka wonke. Inani eliphakeme lokuzala ngenyanga yokugcina yokwindla kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Imithwalo yemfanelo yobuzali yowesilisa ukuthola, ukuhlela "inkulisa". Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45-55.
Kusuka kuzinyane elilodwa kuya kwamathathu kuzalwa, kaningi okubili. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyizimpumputhe, azizwa futhi azinaboya. Zivuthwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwesonto lesithathu. Umama weTupaya wondla izingane, egijimela esidlekeni imizuzu emihlanu, njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Ubisi lukamama lwenani elingu-10 g ekudleni ngakunye alwanele, ngoba amawundlu alala enganyakazi ukuze asindise izakhi. Isimo sengqondo esinjalo sokunganaki ngokuba ngumzali asijwayelekile ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, i-tupaya iyinto ehlukile.
Lapho izilwane ezisencane zinenyanga eyodwa ubudala, ziyahamba zizohlala esidlekeni somzali. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingane zesilisa maduzane ziqala ukuhlala ngokuzimela, zizihlomise ngendawo yokukhosela entsha, kanti abesifazane bahlala nonina. I-Tupai ayiphili isikhathi eside - iminyaka engu-2-3. Izinhlobo ezincane ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle nasekuthunjweni zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11.
Izitha zemvelo zifaka phakathi izinyoni ezidla inyama, izinyoka, ama-martens. Izilwane azihehi abazingeli ngoboya noma inyama. Futhi azikho ngaphansi kokudutshulwa, ngoba azisongeli izilimo zezolimo. Okuwukuphela kwethonya elibi lomuntu esilwaneni inguquko yezwe nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezilwane. Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-20, ezimbili zithathwa njengezisengozini.
