Igama lale nyoka ngazo zonke izilimi libonisa ikhono lesilwane esihuquzelayo sokumenyezela, ukuqhuma, ukuqhaqhazela. Umsindo owenzayo ukhumbuza umsindo wama-maraca. Kepha lo akuwona umculo omnandi kakhulu.
Incazelo nezici
Ngokwenguqulo eyinhloko, inyokanyoka uxwayisa futhi asabise izitha esebenzisa i-ratchet. Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi yomsindo kulula. Lapho i-molting, ingxenye yamapuleti e-keratin yakha ekugcineni komsila. Ukulandelana kwalezi zingxenye kwakha isakhiwo esikwazi ukuzwakala: umsindo, umsindo.
Imisipha ekhethekile yokunyakazisa inyakazisa ichopho lomsila ngemvamisa engaba ngu-50 Hz. Ukudlidlizela kushayela umsindo. Lokhu kuchaza kungani inhlwathi ibizwa ngokuthi inyoka.
Inani lama-molts enyokeni lincike ekutholakaleni kokudla nezinga lokukhula. Lapho ulahla isikhumba esidala, umhlanga ukhula engxenyeni eyodwa ngaphezulu. Izingxenye ezindala zingase zehliswe. Okusho ukuthi, usayizi we-ratchet awukhombisi ubudala benyoka.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isici esiyinhloko salezi zinyoka akuyona ikhono lokuqhekeka, kodwa ukuba khona kwezinzwa ezimbili ze-infrared. Zitholakala emigodini ekhanda, phakathi kwamehlo namakhala. Ngakho-ke, emndenini wezinyoka, ama-rattlesnakes ahlukaniswa emndenini omncane wezinyoka zomgodi.
Izinzwa ze-infrared zisebenza ibanga elifushane. Cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwengama-40. Lokhu kwanele ukwenza ukuzingela ebusuku okuphumelelayo kwezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele. Ama-infrared receptors azwela kakhulu. Bathola umehluko wezinga lokushisa lika-0.003 ° C. Bangasebenza ngokuzimela noma basize amehlo akhulise ukucaca kwesithombe ngokukhanya okuphansi kakhulu.
Amehlo ezinyoka ezinjengezinzwa ze-infrared, agxile ekusebenzeni ebumnyameni. Kepha iso lezinqa libuthaka. Ibamba ukunyakaza. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezihleliwe.
Ngokungafani nokubona, izinyoka zinomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Ngenkathi yokuthola iphunga, amakhala namakhasi asebenza ngolimi lwezinyoka, okuletha ama-molecule anephunga ezingxenyeni ezisemaphethelweni zohlelo olfactory.
Izinyoka azinazo izindlebe zangaphandle. Indlebe ephakathi ayiwuzwa kahle umsindo. Kugxila ekuboneni kokudlidlizela kwenhlabathi okudluliswa ngohlelo lwamathambo. Amazinyo e-Rattlesnake aqukethe amapayipi axhumene nezindlala zobuhlungu.
Ngesikhathi sokulunywa, imisipha etholakala ezungeze izinkontileka zezindlala kanye noshevu kufakwa kulowo ohlaselwe. Uhlelo lokukhiqiza ushevu nokubulala izisulu lusebenza kusukela ekuzalweni. Ama-canine we-Spare atholakala ngemuva kwama-canine asebenzayo. Uma kwenzeka kulahleka, ukushintshwa kwamazinyo anobuthi kuyenzeka.
Izinhlobo
Izinyoka, ezingenazo izaphulelo ezingabekwa njengezinyoka zohlobo lwe-2 genera. Ziyi-rattlesnakes yeqiniso (igama lohlelo: i-Crotalus) ne-pygmy rattlesnake (igama lesistimu: iSistrurus). Yomibili le mikhakha ifakiwe emndenini omncane wemivini yomgodi (igama lohlelo: Crotalinae).
Izihlobo ze-rattlesnakes zangempela nezimfushane yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezaziwa kakhulu njengamabhu, izinyoka ezinekhanda lomkhonto, ama-bushmasters, ama-keffiys asethempelini. Uhlobo lwe-rattlesnakes lweqiniso lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-36. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kubo:
- Inyoka yenyoka yaseRhombic. Kutholakala e-USA, eFlorida. Inyoka inkulu, ifinyelela ku-2.4 m ubude. Izala amawundlu ayisikhombisa kuya kwangama-28 alinganiselwa kuma-25 cm.
- I-Texas rattlesnake. Kutholakala eMexico, e-USA naseningizimu yeCanada. Inyoka ubude bufinyelela ku-2.5 m, isisindo esingu-7 kg.
- I-rattlesnake emangazayo. Lathola igama lalo ngenxa yobukhulu balo obukhulu. Ubude bufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Kutholakala entshonalanga yeMexico.
- I-rattlesnake enezimpondo ithola igama layo emaphethweni esikhumba ngenhla kwamehlo, afana nezimpondo futhi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela amehlo esihlabathini. Enye yezinambuzane ezincane kunazo zonke. Ubude baso buqala ku-50 kuye ku-80 cm inyoka ebomvu ifanekiselwa ivame ukukhombisa "izimpondo" zayo.
- Inyoka eyinyoka esabekayo, emazweni akhuluma iSpanishi abizwa ngokuthi i-cascavella. Uhlala eNingizimu Melika. Ukuluma kwenyathi ethusayo, njengegama layo. Kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi uma unganikeli ngosizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi.
- Inyoka enemishwe. Ihlala kakhulu empumalanga ye-United States. Inyoka eyingozi, ubuthi bayo obuyingozi.
- Inyoka enamakhanda amancanyana. Kusatshalaliswe enkabeni naseningizimu yeMexico. Inyoka incane ngosayizi. Ubude abudluli ku-60 cm.
- Inyoka enamadwala. Uhlala eningizimu ye-United States naseMexico. Ubude bufinyelela ku-70-80 cm. Ubuthi bunamandla, kepha inyoka ayinalo ulaka, ngakho-ke zimbalwa izisulu zokulunywa.
- Inhlokomo kaMitchell. Yaqanjwa ngodokotela owafunda ubuthi benyoka ngekhulu le-19. Kutholakala e-USA naseMexico. Umuntu omdala ufinyelela kumitha elilodwa.
- Inyoka enomsila omnyama. Uhlala enkabeni yeMexico nase-United States. Igama lihambisana nesici sangaphandle esiyinhloko: umsila wenyoka omnyama. Isirhubuluzi sobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo. Ayidluli imitha eli-1 ubude. Uhlala isikhathi eside. Kwaqoshwa icala lokufinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.
- Inyoka yenyoka yaseMexico. Uhlala enkabeni yeMexico. Usayizi ojwayelekile wezinyoka ungama-65-68 cm.Inephethini ekhanyayo, ehlukile kwamanye ama-rattlesnakes.
- I-Arizona rattlesnake. Isakhamuzi saseMexico nase-United States. Inyoka incane. Ubude bufinyelela kuma-65 cm.
- Inyoka ebomvu, inyoka ebomvu. Izinhlobo eMexico naseNingizimu California. Ubude bayo bungafika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Ubuthi bunamandla. Kodwa inyoka ayinalo ulaka. Zimbalwa izingozi ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe.
- Inyoka kaSteineger. Ibizwa ngegama lesazi seziduli esidumile uLeonard Steinger, owayesebenza eRoyal Norwegian University ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20. Inyoka itholakala ezintabeni ezisentshonalanga yeMexico. Uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-58. Ifaka ukukhala okungazwakali.
- Ingwe yenyathi. Uhlala esifundazweni sase-Arizona nase-Sonora yaseMexico. Ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-70-80. Ubuthi balesi silwanyana esinwabuzelayo buthathwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoka.
- I-rattlesnake enesiphambano. Uhlobo olungajwayelekile olutholakala enkabeni yeMexico. Mhlawumbe ummeleli omncane wezinyoka zeqiniso. Ubude abudluli ku-0.5 m.
- Inyoka emhlophe eluhlaza. Igama libonisa umbala ompunga oluhlaza okotshani wesilwane esihuquzelayo. Uhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezinezintaba eCanada, e-USA naseMexico. Ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude.
- I-comb-nosed noma i-rattlesnake kaWillard. Abantu base-Arizona bayenze le nyoka yaba uphawu lombuso. Kutholakala e-United States nasezifundazweni ezisenyakatho neMexico. Ikhula ize ifike ku-65 cm.
Uhlobo lwe-rattlesnakes emifushane lubandakanya izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela:
- IMassasauga noma i-chain rattlesnake. Ihlala, njengezinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene, eMexico, e-USA, eningizimu yeCanada. Ayidluli ubude obungu-80 cm.
- Inyoka yamabele ebusayo. Uhlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ubude abudluli ku-60 cm.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuzalwa yama-rattlesnake yiMelika. Umngcele osenyakatho webanga ungaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCanada. ENingizimu - e-Argentina. Izinhlobo eziningi ikakhulukazi zama-rattlesnake zihlala eMexico, eTexas nase-Arizona.
Njengoba beyizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, babeka imfuno ephezulu endaweni okushisa kuyo. Ngokuyinhloko, inyoka yenyoka ihlala ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingu-26-32 ° C. Kepha ingamelana nokushisa kwesikhashana okuncane kwehlele ku -15 ° C.
Phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-10-12 ° C, izinyoka zingena esifundeni esifana nokulala ubusika. Ososayensi bakubiza ngokuthi yi-brumation. Izinyoka zibuthana ngobuningi (kufika kuma-specimens ayi-1000) emifantwini nasemihumeni. Lapho bewela khona emifanekisweni emisiwe bese belinda isikhathi samakhaza. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ezivuswe ngasikhathi sinye zingahlela konke ukuhlasela kwenyoka.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imenyu ye-rattlesnakes ifaka phakathi izilwane ezincane, kufaka phakathi amagundane, izinambuzane, izinyoni, izibankwa. Indlela enkulu yokuzingela elinde isisulu ngokuqamekela. Lapho okungahle kube yisisulu, ukuphonsa kwenzeka futhi isilwane esingaqaphile sishaywa ngokulunywa okunobuthi.
Isihlungu se-Rattlesnake - isikhali esikhulu futhi kuphela. Ngemuva kokubulala, umzuzu obalulekile wokugwinya isisulu uyeza. Inqubo iqala njalo kusuka ekhanda. Kule nguqulo, imilenze namaphiko kucindezelwe emzimbeni futhi yonke into eginyiwe iba nefomu elihlangene.
Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lungaphatha ngisho nokudla okungagayeki. Kepha lokhu kuthatha isikhathi nenyoka ikhasa isuke ihlale endaweni ephephile, ngokombono wayo, endaweni. Inqubo yokugaya ukudla isebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-25 no-30 ° C. Izinyoka zidinga amanzi. Umzimba uthola inqwaba yomswakama ovela ezilwaneni ezibanjiwe nezigwinyiwe. Kepha akukhona uketshezi olwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izinyoka azikwazi ukuphuza njengezilwane eziningi. Behlisa umhlathi ongezansi emanzini futhi, ngokusebenzisa ama-capillaries asemlonyeni, bahambisa umswakama emzimbeni. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuze kube nokuphila okugcwele, inyoka idinga ukudla uketshezi oluningi ngonyaka njengoba inesisindo sayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesifazane bakulungele ukuqhubeka nohlobo eminyakeni engu-6-7, abesilisa ngeminyaka engu-3-4. Indoda endala ingazibandakanya emidlalweni yokukhwelana minyaka yonke, insikazi ikulungele ukunweba lolu hlobo kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyoka kungaba kusukela entwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Konke kuncike ohlotsheni lwezinyoka kanye nezici zensimu abahlala kuyo.
Ukubonisa ukulungela ukuzala, owesifazane uqala ukukhipha inani elincane lama-pheromones. Umkhondo walezi zinto ezinukayo uhlala ngemuva kwenyoka ekhasayo. Indoda, izwa ama-pheromone, iqala ukujaha insikazi. Kwesinye isikhathi zikhasa eceleni izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kulokhu, owesilisa uhlikihla owesifazane evuselela umsebenzi wakhe wezocansi.
Kungase kube nabesilisa abaningana bokuzilungisa. Bahlela ukufana komzabalazo phakathi kwabo. Abancintisanayo baphakamisa imizimba yabo engenhla ephothiwe. Ubonakala kanjalo-ke umuntu onelungelo lokushada.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesifazane bathola isidoda sowesilisa, esingagcinwa emzimbeni kuze kufike inkathi elandelayo yokukhwelana. Lokho wukuthi, ukuzala inzalo noma ngabe akukho ukuxhumana nabesilisa.
Ama-Rattlesnake yi-ovoviviparous. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azizaleli amaqanda, kodwa ziwafukamela emzimbeni wawo. Isitho esikhethekile "tuba" senzelwe lokhu. Iphethe amaqanda.
Insikazi izala amankentshane amancane ayisithupha kuya kwayi-14. Ubude bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-20. Baqala khona lapho ukuzimela. Ngokushesha babhekana nobunzima. Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, ezihlanganisa izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, sezikulungele ukuzidla. Yize izindlala zigcwele ubuthi namazinyo alungele ukusebenza.
Ama-ratattnake aphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Cishe iminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula lapho sigcinwa ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywa yinyoka
Ukugwema ukulunywa yinyoka kulula: vele uqaphele lapho uzwa umsindo wenyoka yenyoka... Noma kunjalo, minyaka yonke abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-7-8 bayatinyelwa yinyoka. Abahlanu balesi sibalo bayafa. Isici esibalulekile isikhathi lapho umuntu olimele efuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Amaphesenti amakhulu wokufa kwenzeka kungakapheli amahora ayisithupha kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokulunywa.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile, isisulu sithola umuthi ohlukile wobuthi. Inyoka elambile, enolaka eye yabhekana nokwesaba okukhulu ikhipha ubuthi obuningi. Uma ubuhlungu obuvuthayo nokuvuvukala okuzungeze indawo yokulunywa akuvelanga kungakapheli ihora, khona-ke umuntu uthole inani eliphansi lobuthi.
Eziqeshini ezingama-20%, ukulunywa yinyoka akubangeli miphumela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwenzeka isimo esifana noshevu wokudla, i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo, i-bronchospasm nokuphefumula okuncane, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa. Ngalezi zimpawu noma ezifanayo, ukuvakashelwa okuphuthumayo esikhungweni sezokwelapha kuyadingeka.
Ukuzisiza kukhawulelwe kakhulu ezimweni ezinjalo. Uma kunokwenzeka, isilonda kufanele sigeziswe. Gcina isitho esilunyiwe ngaphansi komugqa wenhliziyo. Khumbula ukuthi umzimba womuntu otatazelayo ubhekana kabi nanoma yikuphi ukudakwa. Usizo lwezokwelapha olusheshayo lungaphika imiphumela yokuxhumana okungaphumelelanga nenyoka.
