Ikamela lezilwane emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele hhayi kuphela endaweni yokuhlala kodwa futhi kwezinye izici. Amakamela aguqulelwe kahle ukuze aphile ezindaweni ezomile nezogwadule, futhi angaphila izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwamanzi. Abahlala ogwadule bagcina amakamela esikhundleni sezilwane ezifuywayo ngoba ziwusizo olukhulu futhi zingathwala imithwalo emikhulu.
Incazelo nezici
Ikamela Isilwane esikhulu esihlala ezingwadule. Isilwane sinzima kakhulu futhi sikhulu, ngenxa yokuthi singathwala iziqu ezinzima. Ikamela elidala lingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Ikamela ehlane isinda ngenxa ye-hump - eyodwa noma ezimbili, lapho igcina khona amafutha.
Ama-eyelashes aphindwe kabili kanye nezinkophe ezinde kakhulu, kanye namakhala amancane, "ahlabayo" ahlinzeka ukuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla yesihlabathi yasogwadule. Zivaleke ziqinile, zinikeza ukuvikeleka esihlabathini esingena emaphashini ngesikhathi seziphepho.
Ikamela esithombeni Kungabonakala kungekukhulu, kepha ukukhula kwayo ngokwesilinganiso kufinyelela kumamitha amabili nangaphezulu. Ngenxa yesici somsoco, izindebe zesilwane zaqina kakhulu - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ikamela likwazi ukukha uhlaza olunameva ludle. Indebe engenhla yekamela ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili.
Lesi silwane sehlela esihlabathini esishisayo bese silala kuso isikhathi eside. Ikamela lincike emadolweni abuthakathaka nasezindololwaneni. Isilwane futhi sinonyawo lwemfoloko nozipho olungabizi.
Lesi sakhiwo sezinyawo silungele isilwane esihlala ogwadule - asikwazi ukuhamba esihlabathini kuphela, kodwa nasendaweni enamadwala. Futhi, ikamela linomsila omncane, cishe uhhafu wemitha, ekugcineni kwawo kukhona intshakaza enkulu.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezilwane zasogwadule - ikamela elilodwa elithungisiwe (dromedar) futhi ikamela le-bactrian (uBactrian).
Izici ezihlukile zeBactrian:
- ama-hump amabili;
- ukumboza ingxenye enkulu yomzimba ngoboya;
- umzimba omkhulu;
- amathambo obuso amafushane nezisekelo ezibanzi zamehlo;
- intamo egobile kodwa emfushane;
- endaweni yezingalo, intshebe nekhanda, izinwele ziyaqina, zakhe uhlobo lomhlwenga;
- imilenze emifushane.
Uboya bekamela mncane, kepha ngoboya, obuvumela isilwane ukuthi siphile ezindaweni ezibandayo ngaphandle kokuhlushwa amakhaza nokushisa okweqile. KumaBactrian, ibanga phakathi kwalezi zingqimba ezimbili aligcwaliswanga ngamafutha, futhi ingxenye yesigcawu yomzimba namahlombe athuthukiswa kahle. Kumahele, amaBactrian awashintshiwe.
Izici ezithile ze-dromedar:
- i-hump eyodwa encane;
- ijazi elifushane;
- imilenze emide;
- amathambo obuso amade nengxenye engaphambili eyi-convex;
- amaselula, izindebe ezondile, izihlathi ezikhuluphele;
- i-torso encane;
- intamo ende futhi eshesha kakhulu;
- isikhumba esincane namathambo alula;
- ukukhulelwa kuma-dromedaries abesifazane kunamasonto amathathu ngokushesha ukwedlula eBactrian.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane, kukhona ama-subspecies - ama-nzalo akhuliswa ezindaweni ezinezintaba.
AmaHybrids:
- UNar noNar - may (abesifazane). Ngokubukeka kwayo kufana kakhulu ne-dromed, kepha i-hump yabo inwetshiwe. Inzalo yamakamela inkulu kunabazali bayo. Isici seNara yikhono lokuzala kabusha, okuyinto engafani neze nenzalo, kepha intsha yala makamela ayiphili, ibuhlungu kakhulu futhi ibuthakathaka.
- Iner. Inomzimba onamandla, ibhantshi elihle nesiqu esikhulu, eside. Abesifazane be-Iner banikeza ubisi oluningi.
- UJarbai. Le hybrid ayivamile ngokweqile, ngenxa yobuhlungu nobuthakathaka benzalo.
- ICospak. I-hybrid enkulu, ikhiqiza ubisi oluningi.
- UKurt noKurt - uNar. Amakamela aHybrid, aminyene. Isilwane sihlukaniswa ngemikhono eyehliswe kancane nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kobisi olunamafutha aphansi.
- I-Kama, i-hybrid engavamile, ekwakhiweni kwayo abasebenzisanga kuphela ikamela, kodwa futhi nesinye isilwane, esifanayo ngesakhiwo - i-llama. Ngaphandle, leli kamela libukeka njengellama - alinayo i-hump nezinwele ezimfushane ezilukhuni. Futhi, uKama angathwala isisindo esiningi.
AT Ikamela elihamba ngamakamela imvamisa bathatha izilwane ezinamandla neziqinile, ezingagcini ngokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu kalula, kepha futhi zingaba sendleleni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuwa.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amakamela ahlala phansi, kepha asuka esifundeni esithile sogwadule aye kwesinye. Ngesikhathi sezinguquko ezinjalo, kufanele banqobe amabanga amade nezindawo ezinzima - izingwadule, izindawo ezinamadwala nezintaba.
Ijubane lekamela hhayi phezulu, ngakho-ke izindwendwe zihamba kancane. Kepha uma bebona ukulandela noma ukubhekwa, bangagijima ngokushesha izinsuku ezimbalwa, baze bakhathale ngokuphelele futhi bazizwe sengathi isitha sisele ngemuva. Imvamisa, amakamela abalekela intuthu yemililo, amahlosi, izimpisi.
Amakamela ayaphila ezifundeni ezomile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sondela eduze kwamanzi ukugcwalisa ukuphakelwa kwamanzi. Lezi zilwane azihambi zodwa; ikharavani noma iqembu lifaka okungenani amahlanu, futhi kaningi cishe ngabantu abangamashumi amabili. Indoda eyinhloko ngumholi womhlambi wonke.
Izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini, kanti ebusuku ziyalala, noma zibe yindondo futhi zivilaze. Lapho isiphepho sihlasela ogwadule, amakamela angakwazi ukuqamba amanga usuku lonke, futhi uma kushisa kakhulu, bacasha ezihosheni nasezihlahleni, noma bahambisane nomoya ukuze bapholise.
AmaBactrian angamagwala ngandlela thile, kepha azolile futhi angabi nolaka kubantu. Abanye, abantu abangalawuleki, bangaba yingozi.
Kunzima ukukhomba kahle ukuthi ahlala kuphi amakamela, ngoba indawo ahlala kuyo ibanzi impela. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile, eziwugwadule. Kodwa-ke, ikamela ungahlangana nalo hhayi kuphela ogwadule, kodwa futhi nasesigangeni esiwugwadule, nasezingeni eliphakeme elifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Eminyakeni yamuva, inani lamakamela lincishiswe kakhulu, futhi, ngokufanele, indawo abahlala kuyo inciphile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yonke imithombo yamanzi ehlane yayihlalwa yindoda, futhi amakamela asendle - i-haptagai, ngenxa yalokhu, ayikwazi ukuya echibini futhi igcwalise izindawo zayo ezigciniwe.
Ikamela le-bactrian lalibhalwe ku-Red Book. Kodwa-ke, namuhla usengazithola lezi zilwane endle ezindaweni eziningi:
- I-China - izindawo ezomile, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinosawoti, njengeLake Lop Nor;
- IMongolia;
- Ugwadule lwaseGobi - izindawo ezingale kweAltai.
Kuyo yonke iplanethi, izindawo ezine ezincane zingahlukaniswa, okuyindawo yokuhlala yekamela lasendle. Indawo yokuhlala yalezo zilwane ezifuywe ngumuntu ibanzi kakhulu.
Bahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezomile e-Algeria, e-Peninsula yase-Arabia, e-Iran nakwamanye amazwe asempumalanga. Amakamela nawo ahlala eCanary Islands, India nase-Australia. I-Bactrian, ikamela le-bactrian elifuywayo, lihlala ikakhulukazi eManchuria nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Asia Minor.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngokuya ngokudla, amakamela awathobeki ngokuphelele, ngoba ehlane kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthola ukudla ikakhulukazi izilwane zasendle ezidla ngakho. Amakamela ajwayele ukudla izitshalo ezinemibala ehlukene nemibala, futhi angakwazi ukungadli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezilandelayo zingadliwa ngamakamela:
- i-saxaul - amagatsha;
- utshani obusha nobomile, obushisiwe;
- indawo yokulima;
- amaqabunga e-poplar;
- ibhulashi lomsizi;
- ikamela-ameva;
- izihlahlana.
Amakamela akwazi ukugaya ngisho nokudla okungadleki ngokuphelele - ngokwesibonelo, ameva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwawo lokugaya ukudla lucubungula izinto ezingenayo futhi lukhipha imicu yezakhi.
Izilwane ziqala ukusebenzisa amaqabunga e-poplar nemhlanga lapho kuqala ukubanda. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho kubanda kakhulu, amaBactrian angadli ukudla kokutshala kuphela, kepha nezikhumba zezilwane ezifile.
Amakamela nawo awathobeki maqondana namanzi. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, isilwane asidingi ukugcwalisa uketshezi lwaso, inqobo nje uma sisebenzisa utshani obusha. Kepha lapho kuvela intwasahlobo endleleni, ikamela limunca inani elikhulu loketshezi - kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-130 amanzi. Amakamela asekhaya afuna amanzi ahlanzekile, kanti i-haptagai yasendle ingadlula ngisho nangoketshezi abaluthola emachibini abunjiwe.
Ukudla kwesilwane kungahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlalaphi. Izilwane ezifuywe ngabantu, ngaphezu kokudla kwezitshalo, zaqala ukudla izinhlobo ezithile zemifino nezithelo, kanye nesilage nokusanhlamvu.
Amakamela anohlelo lokugaya oluthuthuke kahle futhi angakwazi ukucubungula ngisho nokudla okweqile. Konke ukudla kugwinywa kuphelele, kugaywe ingxenye, bese kuphuma amathe, ngemuva kwalokho ikamela liqala ukuhlafuna. Ikamela likhafula amathe hhayi amathe amaningi njengezinhlayiya zensini egayekile.
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-dromedaries ahlekisa kakhulu ekudleni - angadla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, kuyilapho amakamela ama-bactrian adla izikhumba zamathambo nezilwane lapho kubanda.
Ukulambela lezi zilwane akuyona inkinga. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, izilwane zandisa nokwanda kokuphila. Ngokwesilwane esikhulile, isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuzila cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-30. Sonke lesi sikhathi, umzimba wakhe uthola izakhamzimba ezinqolobaneni ezifakwe kuma-humps.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngesikhathi se-rut, eqala ekwindla, abesilisa bamakamela baba namandla kakhulu futhi babe nolaka. Bangalimaza kabi umuntu, njengoba bekhahlela, beluma futhi bebhonga kakhulu, futhi futhi begijimela ngapha nangapha. Amakamela alwa nabaphikisi bawo, futhi kaningi omunye wabo uyafa.
Kumahele, ukuvikela abantu, bafaka amabhandeshi anombala ogqamile ekamelweni, bexwayisa ngobudlova besilwane, noma bafaka ikamela endaweni ethile. Amakamela asendle abonakala ngokuziphatha okunolaka ngokweqile ezihlotsheni zawo, kepha afuywe ngabantu.
Bangakwazi ukuhlasela umhlambi futhi bathathe abesifazane abaningi, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambili. Namuhla abantu basebenzisa izivimbela.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana kwamakamela, inkonyane lichamusela izinyanga eziyishumi nantathu kamuva. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokuzalwa lomhlambi lifinyelela phezulu entwasahlobo - ezinyangeni zokuqala nezesibili. Njengezindlulamithi, amakamela azala emi endaweni emile.
Ingane ezelwe inkulu kakhulu - isisindo esimaphakathi sesilwane esisanda kuzalwa cishe singama-45 kilograms. Ngemuva kwamahora ama-2-3 ukusuka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ingane ilandela umama nomhlambi.
Ukondla kwenzeka kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5. Amakamela abe ngabantu abadala kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3-5 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, bese ukuthomba kwabo kuqala. Namuhla kubalulekile ukwandisa inani le-haptagai yasendle ukuze lesi silwane singanyamalali. EMongolia naseChina, izindawo ezikhethekile ezivikelwe zenzelwe lokhu futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuzala i-haptagai.
AmaBactrian, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sekuyisikhathi eside efuywa futhi inani labantu alikho engcupheni. Lezi zilwane ziletha izinzuzo eziningi kumuntu, azigcini nje ngokuzithwalisa umthwalo, kepha futhi zihlinzeka ngobisi, isikhumba nenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaBactria abamba iqhaza emidlalweni yesekisi.
Ikamela liyisilwane esingathobeki ngokuphelele, esikwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Akakwazi nje kuphela ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla namanzi isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi uyakwazi ukusinda ezivunguvungwini zesihlabathi ezinamandla kakhulu, anciphise umsebenzi wakhe ucishe ube zero.
