Lark - isimboli sentwasahlobo
ULark - omunye wabamele abacula izinyoni. Ujabulisa amazwekazi amahlanu ngama-trill entwasahlobo. Into yesikhala ibizwa ngegama lakhe: i-asteroid Alauda (ehunyushwe isuselwa kusiLatini: lark).
I-lark evamile
Incazelo nezici
AmaLark yizinyoni ezincane ezingamasentimitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-24 ubude, anesisindo esingu-15 kuye ku-75 amagremu. Izimpiko zibanzi, ubude bazo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30-36. Izinyoni zizizwa zikhulu esibhakabhakeni: zikhombisa ukundiza okusheshayo nokulawulwa kahle.
Njengezinyoni eziningi zomhlaba, izinhlobo eziningi zama-lark zinezinzwane ezibheka emuva bese ziphela ngozipho olude. Lo mklamo wonyawo kukholakala ukuthi uhlinzeka ngozinzo lapho uhamba phansi. Lezi zinyoni zihamba emhlabathini ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umbala wezimpaphe awukhanyi, kepha kunalokho uhlukile. Ububanzi obukhulu bune-grey-brown ngemigqa ekhanyayo. Ingubo enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi ufihle ngempumelelo, uhamba ngomhlabathi. Njengoba isesidlekeni, inyoni ihlangana ngokuphelele nemvelo.
I-skylark encane
Kukhona izinyoni ezinombala ohluke kakhulu kunaleyo ejwayelekile - lokhu amalaka amnyama... Lezi zinhlobo zingezinhlobo zama-steppe lark. Umbala uhambelana negama: inyoni icishe ibe mnyama. Ngomngcele okhanyayo ezimpikweni. Lokhu kubonakala kumagama athandwayo: i-chernysh, inkanyezi emnyama, i-karaturgai (i-lark emnyama, ngesi-Kazakh).
Izinyoni ziyancibilika kanye ngonyaka, ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzalela. Amachwane ancibilika ngokuphelele ekwindla ngemuva kokushiya isidleke. Bachitha ingubo ekhanyayo, abahlukaniswa nezinyoni ezindala.
I-Crested lark
Abantu abadala badla ikakhulu imbewu, amaphuphu ondliwa ngokudla kwamaprotheni, okungukuthi, izinambuzane. Imilomo yale nyoni igobile kancane, ikulungele kahle ukuxebula imbewu nokumba emhlabathini lapho ifuna izinambuzane. Akukho mehluko wobulili ngosayizi nangokulingana, futhi awuzwakali kahle ngombala.
Izinhlobo
ILarks yafakwa kuhlukaniso lwezinto eziphilayo ngo-1825 ngu-biologist wase-Ireland uNicholas Wigors (1785-1840). Baqale bakhonjwa njengendlu yomndeni wezintaka. Kodwa kamuva bahlukana baba umndeni ozimele u-Alaudidae. Isici esiyinhloko salo mndeni ukwakhiwa kwezinyawo. Kukhona amapuleti ama-horny amaningana kutarsus, kanti ezinye izinyoni zezingoma zineyodwa kuphela.
I-Steppe Lark enamaphiko amhlophe
U-Lark wakhe umndeni omkhulu. Iqukethe izizukulwane ezingama-21 nezinhlobo ezingaba ngama-98. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi-lark yasensimini. Ufake umhleli ngaphansi kwegama elithi Alauda Linnaeus. Kufaka izinhlobo ezi-4.
- I-lark evamile - i-Alauda arvensis. Lona uhlobo lokuphakanyiswa. Ingatholakala e-Eurasia, kuze kufike e-Arctic Circle. Kutholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika. Lingene eNyakatho Melika, e-Australia, e-Oceania naseNew Zealand.
- Encane ukukhala noma i-lark yaseMpumalanga. Igama lesistimu: Alauda gulgula. Kubhekwe emaqeleni aseBarnaul, eKazakhstan, emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ezindaweni eziyiziqhingi zoLwandlekazi iPacific.
- I-steppe lark enamaphiko amhlophe, i-lark yaseSiberia - i-Alauda leucoptera. Lolu hlobo luvamile eningizimu yeRussia, eCaucasus, lundizela enyakatho ye-Iran.
- Razo Island Lark - Alauda razae. Inyoni encane engacwaningwa. Ihlala esiqhingini esisodwa seCape Verde Islands: iRazo Island. Kuchaziwe futhi kwafakwa ohlelweni lwezinto eziphilayo ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 (ngo-1898).
URazo Lark (endemic)
Ngaphezu kwensimu, izizukulwane eziningana zathola amagama azo kusuka ekuthambekeni kwawo ukuhlala endaweni ethile.
- Ama-steppe larks, noma i-jurbay - iMelanocorypha. Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zifakiwe kulolu hlobo. Bahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, emathafeni amaRiphabhuliki aseCentral Asia, eCaucasus, eYurophu eningizimu yeFrance naseBalkan, eMaghreb.
- I-Forest Skylark - iLullula - yizinyoni eziguqule ama-steppes nezinkambu zathuthela emaphethelweni nasezihlathini. Izindawo zabo zokwakha izidleke zitholakala eYurophu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, enyakatho ye-Afrika.
- I-Shrub Larks - iMirafra. Ososayensi abanqumi ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwalolu hlobo. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-24-28. Indawo eyinhloko ama-savanna e-Afrika, ama-steppes eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia.
ISteppe Lark Jurbay
Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-lark kuyafana. Umehluko ngosayizi nombala mncane. Kepha kunezinyoni ezinamagama anqume izici zokubukeka kwazo.
- Ama-Lark amancane - iCandrella. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-6. Igama lichaza ngokuphelele ukuvelela kwale nyoni - yizona ezincane kunawo wonke ama-lark. Isisindo somuntu ngamunye asidluli amagremu angama-20.
- Izimpondo Larks - Eremophila. Izinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela ezifakiwe kulolu hlobo. “Izimpondo” zakheke ekhanda kusuka ezimpapheni. Lark esithombeni sibonga "izimpondo" kuthatha ukubukeka cishe kobudemoni. Uhlobo kuphela lwama-lark onendawo yokwakha isidleke efinyelela kutundra.
- IPasserine Larks, igama lesistimu: Eremopterix. Luhlobo olukhulu olunezinhlobo eziyi-8.
- Crested Larks - Galerida. Zonke izinyoni zalolu hlobo zibonakala ngomlomo oqinile ogobile kanye ne-crest ekhonjiwe ekhanda.
- ILongspur Larks - iHeteromirafra. Izinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela ezifakiwe kulolu hlobo. Zibonakala ngezinzwane ezinde. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlala eningizimu ye-Afrika ebangeni elilinganiselwe kakhulu.
- Ama-larks akhokhiswa ngokujiyile - uRamphocoris. Uhlobo lweMonotypic. Iqukethe izinhlobo ezi-1. Inyoni le inomlomo omfishane, oqinile. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezifundeni eziwugwadule eNyakatho Afrika nase-Arabia.
Lark omude wase-afrika
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo eyintandokazi: izindawo ezigcwele amathafa, izinkambu ezinotshani obuphansi, umhlaba wezolimo. Njengoba amahlathi egawulwa amahlathi futhi kwakhiwa izinkambu ezintsha ezilinywayo, ububanzi buyanda.
Uhlobo kuphela oluhlotshaniswa nehlathi yi I-lark yezinkuni... Wahlala emahlathini avulekile, ekuhlanzweni kwamahlathi, emaphethelweni, emaceleni, efudunyezwa yilanga. Le nyoni igwema amahlathi, ama-massifs agcwele izihlahla ezinde.
I-lazaron enezimpondo
Iyiphi inyoni lark: ukufuduka noma ubusika? Izinyoni eziningi zibonakala ngokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, zisuka ezindaweni zazo zobusika ziye ezweni lakubo, kepha ezinye izidleke zihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Bayenqaba ukundiza. Lokhu kwenzeka eningizimu yeCaucasus, eningizimu yeYurophu.
Isitatimende sokuthi inyoni ekhonkotha ukufuduka, kusebenza kuwo wonke umndeni wonkana. Yakhiwe kusuka kubantu abazalela ezindaweni ezinobusika obunzima. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ekwindla, zonke izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho ye (cishe) amashumi amahlanu latitude, zikhuphuka ephikweni futhi emihlambini yobukhulu obuphakathi ziya oLwandle iMedithera, enyakatho ye-Afrika, nase-Asia Ephakathi.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imihlambi yezinyoni zezingoma ibuya ezindaweni zobusika. Ukufika kwama-larks phakathi kwabantu abaningi eYurophu, kubandakanya neRussia, kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nentwasahlobo kangangokuba amabhanisi abizwa ngama-lark abhakwa ngoMashi. Le mikhiqizo elula yokupheka efana nezinyoni ezinamagilebhisi omisiwe esikhundleni samehlo.
I-Longspore lark
Lapho zibuyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, amaduna aqala ukucula, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngezinyoni. Izingoma zikaLark ingachazwa njengochungechunge oluqhubekayo lwama-trill wezingoma ezizwakala ngokugcwele. AmaLark avamise ukukhombisa ikhono lawo lokulingisa ezinye izinyoni. U-Larks ucula ebaleka futhi esuka phansi.
Okumangalisa kakhulu indiza ebheke phezulu ehambisana nokucula. Isifikile ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-100-300, i-lark izulazula imizuzu embalwa. Bese kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhaya, uyehla. Noma, ngemuva kokuthula, yehla, icishe iwele phansi.
Le nyoni inezitha eziningi. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala. AmaHedgehogs, izinyoka, izidalwa ezincane nezisemaphakathi zilungele ukubhubhisa isidleke, okuwukuphela kokuvikelwa okufihliwe. Kubantu abadala, izinyoni ezidla inyama ziyingozi kakhulu. Ama-Sparrowhawks, izithiyo, ama-hobbyists, namanye ama-falconry larks endizeni.
I-lark ekhokhisiwe
Lark - ingoma yezinyoni... Ngakho-ke, sekuyisikhathi eside bezama ukumgcina ekuthunjweni. Kodwa ukwesaba nokungazibhali kuholele eqinisweni lokuthi ezweni lethu ungezwa ukhonkolo kuphela emvelweni.
Abantu baseChina bathanda ukugcina izinyoni emakhejini. Baqongelele ulwazi oluningi hhayi kuphela ekugcineni, kepha nasekubambeni imincintiswano yezinyoni zezingoma. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ilaki yaseMongolia livame kakhulu emakhaya aseChina.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinambuzane nezinhlamvu kuyisisekelo sokudla kwe-lark. Ukudla kutholakala ngokukhonkotha izinambuzane nezinhlamvu ezisemhlabathini noma ezitshalweni, kusukela ekuphakameni kokukhula kwazo. Kusetshenziswa amabhungane ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwe-coleoptera, ama-lark awadeleli i-Orthoptera, engenamaphiko.
Lokho wukuthi, wonke umuntu ongabanjwa ongaqhathwa ngumlomo wakhe nesisu sakhe semisipha. Njengoba ukudla kutholakala kuphela ngezinyawo, i-lark ithola okusanhlamvu okuvele kuwa noma kukhula kancane. Ngeshwa, lezi zinyoni ezincane zezingoma zingukudla uqobo.
Hhayi izilwane ezidla ezinye kuphela. Eningizimu yeFrance, e-Italy, eCyprus, izitsha ezimnandi ngokwendabuko zilungiswa kubo. Zisitshulu, zithosiwe, zisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ophaya benyama. Izilimi zeLark zibhekwa njengesidlo esihle esifanelwe abantu abathweswe imiqhele. Lokhu akusona isiphetho sama-lark kuphela, kodwa nezinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
AmaLarks ahlangana ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho, abesilisa bacula ekuseni. Lokhu kuyingxenye yesiko lomshado. Ukukhonjiswa kokuheha komuntu nokuqokwa kwendawo yokwakha isidleke, ubuqotho bayo obubhekelwe ngokuphelele.
Isidleke seLark lark
Amabili wezinyoni ahlala eduze komunye nomunye. Ihektha elilodwa lingaba nezidleke ezi-1-3. Ngakho-ke, izizathu zokuxabana zivela njalo. Ukulwa kuhle kakhulu. Ayikho imithetho noma izenzo ezibabazekayo zokubambisana. Ukudideka okukhulu, ngenxa yalokho owephula umngcele uhlehla. Akekho othola ukulimala okuphawulekayo.
Abesifazane bafuna indawo yokwakha isidleke. Isidleke sikaLark - Lokhu kungukucindezeleka emhlabathini, umgodi endaweni enethunzi futhi efihliwe. Phansi kwesidleke okwakhiwe ngesitsha kubekiwe ngotshani obomile, izimpaphe kanye nesinwele samahhashi. Lapho isidleke sesilungile, ukukhwelana kwenzeka.
Ku-clutch, imvamisa amaqanda ama-4-7 amancane anombala onsundu noma ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, embozwe ngamabala e-shades ehlukahlukene. Abesifazane bahlanganyela ekufukameleni. Ukufihla imaskhi kuyindlela eyinhloko yokugcina isidleke. Izinyoni ziyandiza noma zibaleke kuphela lapho ziziveza ngokusobala. Ngemuva kokuqeda ubungozi, babuyela esidlekeni.
Uma i-clutch ifa ngenxa yezenzo zabantu noma izidumbu, amaqanda abekwa futhi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12-15, kuvela amaphuphu, angaboni kahle. Abazali babo babondla ngenkuthalo ngezinambuzane. Zikhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8, zingashiya isidleke isikhashana, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-13-14 ziqala ukuzizama lapho zibaleka.
Lapho inenyanga eyodwa, amaphuphu aqala ukuzondla ngokwawo. Kukhona ushintsho kusuka ekudleni kwamaprotheni kuya ekudleni kwemifino, izinambuzane zithathelwa indawo okusanhlamvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-molt yokuqala ephelele ivela. Ingubo enoboya iba efanayo neyezinyoni ezindala.
Amachwane ne-lark yehlathi labesifazane
Ukukhula ngokushesha kwamachwane kuyindlela yemvelo yokulondoloza inani labantu. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ama-lark esikhundleni sezilahlekile alahleka kancane, futhi awakhawulelwe ohlotsheni olulodwa. Phakathi nenkathi, umndeni wama-lark ungenza ama-clutches angu-2-3 futhi uphumelele ukukhulisa inzalo.
Impilo ka-lark ayiyinde: iminyaka emi-5-6. Izazi zezinyoni zithi lapho zigcinwa ezindlini zezinyoni, zingaphila iminyaka eyishumi ngokuphepha. I-lark ithole indawo yayo evelele ezinganekwaneni, ezinganekwaneni nasemisebenzini yezincwadi. Uhlala esebenza njengesibonakaliso sempilo entsha.
