I-Echidna - isilwane esimangalisayo esihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaphandle, ifana nenungu, futhi ngendlela yayo yokuphila - i-anteater ne-platypus.
Incazelo nezici ze-echidna
U-Echidna esithombeni ifana nengungumbane ngenxa yomhlane wayo o-spiky nomsila omncane. Kodwa-ke, izinhlayiya zayo azizinde futhi zinombala onsundu ngokunsundu. Ibhantshi lesilwane limahhadla, linombala onsundu, olivumela ukuthi lihlangane nenhlabathi emnyama namaqabunga awile.
Imiphetho yenziwe nge-keratin futhi iyize ngaphakathi. Ubukhulu be-echidna abuvamile ukudlula isigamu semitha ubude, futhi isisindo saso singaqhathaniswa nekati elidala - kufika ku-8 kg. Izidladla ezimfushane ezibunjiwe zenza ukuba isilwane sihambe kalula, kepha i-echidna ibhukuda ngokuphelele. Imilenze inezinzipho ezisiza ukuqeda izintuthwane, iziduli zomuhlwa, zidabule amagxolo ezihlahleni, zimba imigodi yokuzivikela nokulala.
Emilenzeni yangemuva kunamazipho amade axhumene ne-echidna ehlanganisa ngawo izinwele phakathi kwezinsika. Abesilisa banesibindi esihlukile emalungeni abo okhalo. Le spur bekucatshangwa ukuthi iqukethe ushevu, kepha lokhu kuvele kwaba ngumbono oyiphutha.
I-echidna inolimi olude noluzacile olumbozwe ngamazinyo
Umbono awuthuthuki kahle futhi isilwane sithembele ekuzweni nasekunukeleni. Izindlebe ze-echidna ezizwelayo ngokumangazayo ziyakwazi ukuthatha imisindo yezinambuzane ezincane ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphakathi kwezihlahla eziwile. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-echidna nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ubukhona be-cloaca, zombili ezinyoni nakwizilwane eziphila ezweni.
Ikhanda lincane futhi lihlangana kahle emzimbeni. Isilwane asinayo intamo eveziwe. Uqhwaku lubukeka njengeshubhu olunolimi olude futhi olunamathele njenge-anteater (kufika ku-25 cm). Amazinyo awekho, kepha esikhundleni sawo kufakwa amazinyo e-keratin nolwanga oluqinile, lapho kugcotshwa khona ukudla.
Izinhlobo ze-echidna
Umndeni echidnova akuhlukile kakhulu. Ihlukaniswe ngemikhakha emibili: i-echidna yangempela ne-prochidna. Kukhona uhlobo lwesithathu, kepha kubhekwa njengokushabalala - iMegalibgwilla. Isazi sezilwane esiqale sichaze i-echidna, ngenxa yokufana kwesakhiwo somlomo nolimi, siyibeke ezinhlotsheni ze-anteater.
Izidladla zangaphambili ze-echidna zinezidladla ezinamandla i-echidna emba ngazo inhlabathi
Ngemuva kokutadisha lesi silwane, ososayensi kamuva bakhomba isilwane njengomndeni ohlukile. I-echidna yase-Australia kuphela eyezinyoka zangempela. Inama-subspecies amahlanu, ahlukaniswa izindawo zawo zokuhlala.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indlela Yokuphila nemikhuba echidna endaweni yazo yemvelo kuncike ezintweni eziningi. I-subspecies ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Ukuziphatha kwesilwane kuncike esimweni sezulu nesimo sendawo. U-Echidna uyaphila ezwenikazi i-Australia, iziqhingi zasePapua New Guinea, eTasmania, kanye nasezindaweni zase-Indonesia nasePhilippines.
I-echidna yase-Australia iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Ingaphila ehlane elomile, amahlathi aswakeme nezintaba lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kuka-0.
Lapho kufika inkathi ebandayo, i-echidna iyalala. Umzimba wakhe ugcina amafutha, amvumela ukuthi aphile ngokushoda kokudla. Ukulala ubuthongo akudingeki esilwaneni. Esimweni sezulu esimnene nasekutholakaleni kokudla njalo, i-echidna ihola impilo ejwayelekile.
Uma kungekho ukudla kwaso okujwayelekile okuyizinambuzane ezincane, isilwane esincelisayo sikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, kufaka phakathi amanzi, ngaphandle kokudla. Amafutha aqoqwe ngesikhathi sokudla okunomsoco aqinisekisa ukusinda kuze kube yinyanga.
Empilweni ye-echidna, ubukhona bokudla okuyinhloko kuyadingeka, futhi isilwane sizivumelanisa kalula nezimo zemvelo nezwe.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, i-echidna ilala ubusuku bonke
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-echidna:
- Isilwane siphila impilo eyimfihlo futhi sikhetha ukuhlala siphapheme kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
- Ayakhi indawo yokuhlala unomphela.
- Uma kunengozi, ingcwaba inhlabathi, ikhiphe ameva ebusweni. Uma inhlabathi ingakuvumeli ukuthi ungcwabe ngokushesha, khona-ke iyagoqana ibe yibhola, njengama-hedgehogs.
- Ayidali izithandani futhi ikhetha isizungu.
- Akulinganisi indawo yayo.
- Hhayi ulaka ngohlobo lwayo. Lapho sebehlangane, izinyoka ezimbili zizohlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile.
- Ukhetha inhlabathi ethambile, amaqabunga, imifantu nezihlahla eziwile njengendawo yokulala.
- Ngenxa yokushisa komzimba okuphansi kwesilwane esincelisayo (kufika kuma-degree angama-33), akubekezeleli ukushisa namakhaza. Ngokushintshwa okuphawulekayo ezimweni zezulu, ithanda ukulinda ukushisa emthunzini, nokubanda okunamandla ebusika.
Esimweni sezulu esipholile, i-echidna ihamba noma yinini ngosuku, kodwa ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile ilinda ukushisa kosuku emthunzini wezihlahla namatshe. Emazingeni okushisa angathandeki, isilwane siba buthakathaka futhi sihambe kancane. Kulesi simo, akunakwenzeka ukubaleka kahle ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke isilwane sicasha kuze kufike umzuzu ofanele.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwesilwane kwenza kube lula ukusigcina ekuthunjweni. I-Echidna eRussia kanti kwamanye amazwe uhlala ema-zoo. Kodwa-ke, i-echidna izalela endaweni yokufakelwa ngokungathandi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
U-Echidna uyondla izinambuzane ezincane. Ukudla okuyinhloko izintuthwane nomuhlwa. Umshini womlomo uvumela ulimi oluncane nolunamathelayo ukuba lungene luye ngaphakathi ekhaya lalesi sinambuzane. Kanye nokudla, amatshe nesihlabathi kungena esiswini sesilwane, nakho okubandakanyeka enqubeni yokugaya. Kanye nezintuthwane, i-echidna ithola zonke izinto ezidingekayo, kufaka phakathi amanzi.
Uma zingekho izindunduma kanye neziduli zomuhlwa, i-echidna yezilwane iwafaka okwesikhashana nezinye izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu ezivela ezihlahleni. Isakhiwo esikhethekile sezinzwa sisiza ukuthola izinambuzane. Ukuzwa kahle, ukuzwa kwephunga nokuba khona kwe-electrolocation kukuvumela ukuthi usheshe uthole izigaxa zomuhlwa noma izintuthwane.
Ulimi lwe-echidna lulungele ukuqoqa nokudla izimbungulu ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuqhuma okungafika kuma-50 ngemizuzwana engama-30. Lesi sivinini asivumeli izinambuzane ezinesibindi ukuthi zishiye indlu eyonakele. Endabeni yokushoda kokudla okunempilo, i-echidna iyashintsha indawo ehlala kuyo. Ukwenza lokhu, uyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngomhlaba nangamanzi. Ukufuna ukudla, lesi silwane asesabi ukusondela lapho kuhlala khona abantu namapulazi.
Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yi-echidna izintuthwane, umuhlwa nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla.
Ukuzala i-echidna
I-echidna, isilwane esithanda impilo yodwa, sihlangana nama-congener aso ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela. Ithatha kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Lapho isilungele ukukhwelana, insikazi ikhipha iphunga elinamandla njalo eminyakeni emibili bese ishiya izimpawu eziheha abesilisa. Abesilisa abaningana banakekela insikazi eyodwa inyanga yonke.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-echidna ahlala ndawonye. Ngesikhathi sobusika base-Australia, bayadla, badle futhi balale ndawonye. Ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqomisana nokuqomisana, kuqala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isiko lomshado".
Iqembu labesilisa, inani labo elifinyelela kubantu abayishumi, liqala ukuzungeza insikazi. Bamba umsele ofinyelela ku-30 cm bese ucindezela abaphikisana nabo. Ekugcineni, onqobayo uzimisele, obhekwa njengofanelwe "umakoti".
Ngemuva kokuba umkhwenyana esenqunyiwe, inqubo yobulili iyaqala. Izilwane zilala ezinhlangothini ihora lonke. Owesifazane ovundisiwe ushiya owesilisa ingunaphakade, kuphela ukusinda kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo kuncike kuye.
Ukushaya amaqanda kuyaqhubeka amasonto amane. I-echidna yisilwane esincelisayo esine-oviparous. Iqanda le-echidna lingaba ngu-15 mm ngosayizi. Ngosizo lwemisipha yesisu, owesifazane wakha isibambo esiswini lapho abeka khona ikhabana lesikhathi esizayo. Ngemuva kwesonto nohhafu, kuvela i-echidna esanda kuzalwa.
Lesi silwane simbozwe isikhumba esiguqukayo futhi asikwazi ukuzisiza ngokuphelele. Endaweni yesikhwama kunensimu yobisi, lapho kukhasa khona usana olusanda kuzalwa ngosizo lwezinhlamvu zangaphambili ezithuthukisiwe. Ama-echidna awanazo izingono, ngakho-ke ubisi olunombala opinki lukhishwa ngqo ebusweni besikhumba, lapho izinyane likhotha khona. Ubisi lunombala obomvana ngenxa yokuqukethwe yensimbi ephezulu.
I-echidna isuthisa amawundlu ayo ngobisi
Cishe izinyanga ezimbili, insikazi iphatha i-echidna encane esikhwameni sayo bese iyondla ngobisi. Ngokushesha izinyane lizuza isisindo, ligcwala izinwele, amehlo athuthuke avuleke. Ngemuva kokuchamuselwa, ubukhulu besithelo bungamasentimitha ayi-1.5, isisindo singaphansi kwegremu elilodwa, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili isisindo saso sifinyelele kuma-400-430 amagremu. Inzalo esikhulile inameva, kanti insikazi iyifihla emgodini olungiselelwe.
Uhambela kanye ngesonto ukumupha ubisi olunamafutha. I-echidna encane ibhekwe ngunina kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho aqale uhambo lwakhe lomuntu omdala. U-Echidna uvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka emibili. Izinga eliphansi lokukhiqiza kanye nenani elincane lenzalo lihlotshaniswa nokusinda okuhle nesikhathi eside sokuphila.
Isikhathi sokuphila nezitha zemvelo
Isikhathi sokuphila se-echidna yase-Australia endle cishe yiminyaka eyi-16. Ezimweni ze-zoo, kunezimo lapho umuntu ephila khona kuze kube yiminyaka engama-45. Ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, i-echidna ayivamisile ukuzingelwa. Isilwane esingenabungozi sizwa umhlaseli ngaphambi kokuba sitholakale. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-echidna ishiya umzingeli icashe emahlathini.
I-echidna icasha ezitheni zayo ezingaba khona emahlathini
Uma ehluleka ukuhamba, uthatha isimo sokuzivikela. Umzingeli, esethole "inqaba" engenakunqotshwa ngameva, imvamisa akayibeki engcupheni futhi ahlehle. Uma isilwane silambile kakhulu noma sinabantu abambalwa, bazama ukumba bangene nhlangothi zonke ukuze bafike ezindaweni ezisengozini.
Izitha eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Usathane waseTasmania;
- Inja yaseDingo;
- izinja zasendle;
- izimpungushe;
- indoda.
Abantu bendawo bazingela lesi silwane ngenxa yamafutha amnandi futhi anempilo, futhi ubucwebe benziwa ngezinaliti zaso. Abantu base-echidna yase-Australia abasemaphethelweni okuqothulwa. Lezi zilwane ezingenabungozi zivame ukutholakala endaweni yazo yemvelo. Izitha ezinkulu zabantu yimigwaqo. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulu ukubambezeleka kwesilwane.
Isilwane se-echidna naso singaba isilwane. Ngenxa yesimo sayo somusa nokuziphatha okungenalo ulaka, izwana nezinye izakhamizi. Lapho ugcina i-echidna, kufanele unake uthando lwakhe lwesizungu. I-aviary akufanele ibe yincane kakhulu, elangeni noma ekubukeni okuphelele kwawo wonke umuntu.
Ekhaya echidna ukhombisa ukulangazelela kwakhe ukumba umhlaba nokuhlela kabusha amatshe. Ngakho-ke, uma umvumela ukuba ahambe, kubalulekile ukukhipha umonakalo ezitshalweni nasezingomeni ezibalulekile.
Lapho kugcinwa izilwane ekuthunjweni, kuyaqabukela kungenzeka ukuthola inzalo. Ngisho nasendaweni yazo yemvelo, lezi zilwane azivamile ukuzala. Kunezimo eziningana ezaziwayo zokuzalwa kwama-echidna ema-zoo, kepha yonke intsha yafa ngaphambi kokuba ivuthwe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho kwabancintisana phakathi kwabesilisa kanye nentshisekelo ebuthakathaka yokuzalanisa.
Ekuthunjweni, i-echidna iyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla kwayo okujwayelekile kwezinambuzane. Uyisidlakela, ngakho-ke, ukudla kwakhe kufaka imikhiqizo yenyama echotshoziwe, amaqanda, ubisi. I-echidna ngeke yenqabe i-puree yezithelo nesinkwa. Ngenxa yokushoda kwezintuthwane, isilwane sidinga omunye umthombo wamanzi.
Kunoma ikuphi, uma kuvela indunduma yesiduli noma umuhlwa kule ndawo, lokhu kuzoba yisipho esikhethekile se-echidna yasekhaya. I-Echidna yisilwane esimangalisayo esihlala e-Australia naseziqhingini eziseduze kuphela. Lesi silwane sithathwa njengesinye sezimpawu zombuso futhi siboniswa ngemali, amakhadi okuposa kanye nezitembu zokuposa.
