Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, uKarl Liney wafaka le nyoni ekwahlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngokweqile ngaphansi kohlelo lwesiLatini igama elithi Parus ater. Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bacacisa igama lakhe elijwayelekile futhi manje ubizwa ngokuthi iPeriparus ater.
Ngasikhathi sinye, igama langaphambili alikasetshenziswa. Le nyoni ingeyomndeni we-titmice (Paridae) futhi ingeye-oda le-Passeriformes (Passeriformes).
Ezweni lethu, le nyoni inamagama amaningana.
- Ngenxa yombala wekhanda, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-black tit.
- Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, iyi-tit encane.
- Kukhona inguqulo ephelelwe yisikhathi yegama lenyoni - moss.
- Igama elijwayeleke kakhulu umoska.
Kunezinguqulo eziningana zegama elivame kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi izihlathi ezimhlophe zithathwa njengesifihla-buso. Isifihla-buso sizalwa kabusha saba yiMuscovite. Olunye uguquko lwezilimi nenyoni ithola isidlaliso sayo samanje.
Kukhona inguqulo ehambisana nosayizi omncane wale nyoni. Ngekhulu le-15 nele-16, uhlamvu lwemali lwesiliva lwalusakazwa eMoscow - umaskka... Leli gama, kucatshangelwa ubuncane bobabili, lidluliselwe kule nyoni. Uhlobo lwesithathu kungenzeka. I-birdie encane esebenzisa ubulembu ukwakha isidleke isiphenduke impukane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gama laphenduka i-Muscovite, laphinde laba yi-Muscovite.
Incazelo nezici
Kulapho, inyoni ibukeka kanjani, inokufana okuningi nawo wonke ama-titmice. Kepha kukhona futhi umehluko. Okokuqala, ungomncane kunabo bonke. Inesisindo esingu-7 - 12 amagremu kuphela. Ukusuka emlonyeni kuye kuchopho lomsila, ubude bomzimba benyoni endala bungaphezudlwana kwamasentimitha ayi-11. Umbala omkhulu wezimpaphe emzimbeni, izimpiko nomsila mpunga ngombala onsundu.
Ezimpapheni zesifuba nesisu, ophuzi, ukhilimu, izithunzi ezimhlophe kungenzeka zibe khona, emaphikweni - ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza okotshani. Ikhanda nentamo kupendwe ngokumnyama. Izimpaphe ezihlathini zimhlophe. Kukhona nendawo emhlophe phezulu ekhanda.
Kunemivimbo emibili emhlophe ezimpikweni. Esimweni sokujabula, le nyoni iyagxoba - izimpaphe ngesimo sesikhumba esincane zikhuphuka ekhanda layo.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bayafana ngokubukeka. Lapho uhlangana nale nyoni ehlathini, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulili bayo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezinokuhlangenwe nakho zikholelwa ukuthi abesilisa banezimpaphe ezikhanya kancane. Owesifazane unomzimba ongenhla oluhlaza, isifuba nomphimbo onombala onsundu ngokwengeziwe, kanti ikepisi liyi-matte.
Akukho kukhanya. Kunezithombe eziningi lapho moskovka, inyoni esithombeni ihlale ikhombisa izici zokubukeka kwayo, kepha, ngokwenza, ayizibolekisi ekuhlonzweni kobulili.
Izinyoni ezincane zifana ngombala nezindala. Okuphezulu kungwevu omnyama onombala womnqumo noma onsundu. Ikepisi nalo liyimpunga emnyama kunokuba mnyama. Kunokumbozwa okuphuzi ezindaweni ezimhlophe zezihlathi nape. Imivimbo emhlophe esezimpikweni ayibukeki iphikisana, umbala wayo awukhanyi kangako.
Izinhlobo
Umehluko wesimo sezulu, ukulethwa kokudla, izimo ezijwayelekile zokuphila kwaholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo zezinyoni. Ahluke ngosayizi, imininingwane yombala wophaphe, nokuba khona kwesihlangu ekhanda.
Uma ingekho imingcele yemvelo, inhlanganisela yezici zangaphandle iyenzeka futhi imvamisa inyoni ithwala izimpawu zezinhlobo eziningana. Ososayensi bakhomba izinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nambili zalezi zilwane.
Ama-subspecies amakhulu ahlala eMpumalanga, Ephakathi Yurophu, eScandinavia, yonke indawo yaseRussia, empumalanga ifinyelela eChina nasenhlonhlweni yaseKorea. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Periparus ater ater.
Kukhona ama-subspecies amabili eCaucasus. Ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama - IPeriparus ater derjugini, eNyakatho Caucasus - Periparus ater michalowskii. Ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, kepha ama-North Caucasian tits akhokhiswa amafushane.
Zombili zihlukile kunhlobo enkulu yezinyoni ngosayizi wazo omkhulu womzimba, uqhwaku olude olwandile namaphiko amakhulu. Indawo yokwabiwa kwamatits ahlala eCaucasus ifinyelela e-Azerbaijan, lapho ihlangana khona nezinye izinhlobo - iPeriparus ater gaddi, nendawo yokuhlala yaleli qembu ifinyelela enyakatho ye-Iran.
Kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana eChina. E-Himalaya, eTaiwan, eziqhingini zaseKuril - amabele amnyama ahlala kuyo yonke indawo enezici ezihlukile. Lezi zinyoni ziye zazi kahle lesi siqhingi - iGreat Britain ne-Ireland.
Kuhlala iPyrenees, lonke ugu lwaseMedithera neziqhingi ezikulo. Ziyavela noma yikuphi lapho kungakhula khona ama-conifers, imbewu yazo okuyingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwalawa matiki. Esokugcina kuchazwe ama-subspecies ahlala eCentral Nepal, umhosha iKali-Gandaki. Lokhu kwenzeka muva nje ngo-1998.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Amabele amancane ahlala emihlambini yobukhulu obumaphakathi. Kusuka kwababili, amashumi amathathu kuya kwamakhulu ambalwa abantu. Umhlambi uhlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele amaningana. Ayenzi izindiza zesizini. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, wonke umhlambi ungathuthela endaweni entsha.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye yomhlambi ibuyela ezindaweni zokuhlala ezisanda kushiywa. Ukuhlukaniswa komhlambi kwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izindawo ezintsha. Imihlambi exubile ivame ukuhlelwa. Zingabandakanya izinyoni ezincane ezahlukahlukene: I-Muscovy, tit enomsila omude, warbler nabanye. Ukuba khona okuhlangene kwandisa amathuba okusinda.
Usayizi omncane nokungakwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside kwenza izinyoni zihlale phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahlana. Bona (amaMuscovites) abahlali ezindaweni ezivulekile. Bakhetha amahlathi e-coniferous, emingceleni eseningizimu yebanga labo bangahlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe phambi kukaphayini, i-larch, umjunipha.
UMoskovka uvame ukwedlula amanye amabele agcinwa ekhaya ngabathandi bezinkukhu. Isizathu silula - ubekezelela ukuthunjwa kangcono kunabanye. Futhi inezwi elicacile, elihle. Ingoma yakhe iyefana nomsindo wezwi le-tit enkulu, kepha inamandla amakhulu, iphakeme, inomusa. Inyoni ithatha amanothi aphezulu kakhulu, ikhipha ukuphuma ngokuhlukahluka.
Lalela izwi leMuscovite
I-tit encane isheshe ijwayele ukugcinwa ekhejini, iba mbuna ngokuphelele. Ungahlala ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside. Ikakhulukazi uma umfanisa. Le nyoni noma ikanjani (ihambisana noma ingenawo umbhangqwana) ibekezelela ukuhlalisana kahle nezinye izinyoni esibayeni esivamile, i-aviary.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi impukane iyinyoni encane kakhulu, omunye angase athi, intekenteke, kuyaphikiswa ukuthi ihlale nomakhelwane abasebenza ngokweqile nabanolaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esibayeni esivamile, impukane cishe iyayeka ukucula.
Ukudla ekuthunjweni kufanele kuhambisane nalokho inyoni ekwazi ukukuthola ehlathini, okungukuthi, ukudla okuluhlaza okwejwayelekile. Lezi yizimbewu ze-birch, i-hemp, imbewu ye-sunflower echotshoziwe, izigaxa ze-spruce ezomile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngentwasahlobo nengxenye yokuqala yehlobo, izinyoni zondla izinambuzane. I-Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Retinoptera, Homoptera zifakiwe ekudleni kwalezi zinyoni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-bark beetle, aphid, weevils kanye namanye amabhungane - wonke umuntu esimthatha njengezinambuzane zasehlathini - adliwa ngenkuthalo futhi ondiswe inzalo yakhe. Izinyoni zinekhono ekubambeni izimpukane, izimvemvane nojekamanzi.
Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, amaMuscovites ashintshela ekudleni kwemifino. Umnyango uyimbewu yezihlahla ezinamakhaza futhi ezinqabayo. I-titmouse ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezigaxa zikaphayini ne-spruce. Imenyu ingahlukaniswa ngamajikijolo, isibonelo, umjunipha. Njengezilwane eziningi, izinyoni zifihla konke okungadliwa ebusika emigodini nasemifantwini.
Isithwathwa neqhwa kungakhipha izinyoni ehlathini ziye emakhaya abantu. Emizaneni nasemadolobheni. Konke kusuka kokuphakelayo kuya kudoti wokudla kuba ukudla lapha. Ubusika emapaki nasezikweleni zedolobha kubonakala kungumkhuba wezinyoni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyoni zigcina ngazimbili impilo yazo yonke. Okusho ukuthi, banomfazi oyedwa. Ososayensi abakakutholi okwenzekayo lapho omunye wabalingani efa. Kungenzeka, umbhangqwana omusha uyakhiwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari kuya kuSepthemba. Emaphethelweni aphakathi nasenyakatho, kuqala ngoMashi. Umhlambi uhlukana ngababili.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukucula tit, Khwezel, noma kunalokho owesilisa wakhe, ezama ukujabulisa owesifazane, uqala ukucula. Isihloko esiphezulu se-spruce sikhethwe njenge-scaffold. Ngaphezu kwama-trill, ukushaya amaphiko, ukundiza ngezimpaphe ezi-fluffy kufakiwe kunqubo yokuqomisana.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, owesilisa uyaphazamiseka ukuqoqa ukudla. Uyazondla futhi ondle insikazi. Ukuma okukhethekile kowesilisa, ukwehlisa amaphiko ahamba kancane, imisindo ekhethekile yokubhuza - konke kukhuluma ngesiko lesenzo esenziwayo.
Owesifazane uphendula owesilisa ngokuthatha isimo sokusakazeka, alingise indlela iphuphu elicela ngayo ukudla.
Isidleke simiswa emgodini, esishiywe ngumqali wokhuni, isitimu noma enye inyoni. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umgodi ubekwe endaweni ephakeme (cishe imitha elilodwa). Isiqu somuthi obolile noma isihlahla esigawulwe siyokwenza iqhinga futhi.
Inobuhlakani inyoni - Muscovy angenza isidleke ngisho nasemgodini wegundane. Into esemqoka yokukhosela umnyango omncane (cishe amasentimitha amabili noma amathathu ububanzi). Izosebenza njenge-taphole. Insikazi ibandakanyeka ekuhlomiseni isidleke. Ngaphakathi, kufakwe ubulembu, ubufulawa, uboya futhi obunjwe njengesitsha.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, kwenziwa imvuthu emibili. Owokuqala ungo-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Iqukethe amaqanda ayi-5 kuye kwayi-13. Owesibili ngoJuni. Iqukethe amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayisi-9. Zincane, ziyi-12 nge-18 mm ngosayizi, zifakwe egobolondweni leqanda elintekenteke.
Amaqanda afukanyelwa insikazi. Yena akushiyi bamba. Ukunakekela umsoco wesifazane kuxhomeke kowesilisa kuphela. Amachwane achamisela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14 kuya kwezingu-16. Zikhalela phezulu zifuna ukudla. Insikazi ihlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezintathu ngaphezulu, ivikela futhi ifudumeze amaphuphu.
Bese kuthi ndawonye nendoda iqale ukutholela amaphuphu ukudla. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, amaphuphu aqala ukushiya isidleke, kepha achithe ubusuku kuwo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izinyoni ezincane kunzima ukuzihlukanisa nezabantu abadala, futhi ndawonye zihlangana ngemihlambi.
Isikhathi sokuphila, njengabo bonke abamele lo mndeni, yiminyaka eyi-8 - 10. Inani eliphelele lamatiti liyashintshashintsha kuye ngobukhulu basebusika nesimo sesisekelo sokudla. Ukwehla kwamanani wendawo kwenzeka ezindaweni lapho kunqunywa khona amahlathi e-coniferous. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo alusongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
