Incazelo nezici
Ojekamanzi - lezi yizidalwa zasendulo nezithakazelisa kakhulu, okhokho bazo abakude, abacishe bafane nezinhlobo zesimanje ngesakhiwo nokubukeka, ababehlala emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu amathathu edlule, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi seCarboniferous.
Kusukela lapho, inzalo yabo yenze izinguquko ezithile eziqhubekayo, ngakho-ke ibalwa ososayensi banamuhla njengabakudala. Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zingabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi zehlukile.
Lokhu kubonakala kukho konke: esakhiweni, ngendlela yokondla nokuzingela, ezintweni ezikhethekile zokuphila, ekukhathaleni nasekusheshiseni kwalezi zidalwa, kanye nasemathubeni azo afihlekile, angayeki ukumangaza abacwaningi bezwe lezilwane zeplanethi yethu enkulu.
Ujekamanzi – isinambuzane, okuluhlobo lwama-amphibionts, okungukuthi, izinto eziphilayo ezihambisane ngempumelelo nempilo ezindaweni ezimbili: emhlabeni nasemanzini, ngakho-ke azitholakali emazweni anesimo sezulu esomile.
Ojekamanzi kukholakala ukuthi babedlula izibankwakazi
Izinhlobo eziningi zojekamanzi (futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zezinhlobo) eziqhuba impilo yazo ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia naseNingizimu Melika, lapho zivame kakhulu emahlathini aswakeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala emazwekazini afana ne-Australia ne-Afrika, batholakala eTurkey, e-Iran, e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe ezwekazi lase-Eurasia abanesimo sezulu esifanayo.
Cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zalezi zidalwa zigxile ngokuphelele futhi zikhona ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia. Eqinisweni, bazivumelanise nempilo kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. Azitholakali naseGreenland nase-Iceland. Ungasithanda lesi sidalwa futhi uqiniseke ngokuphelela kwaso okuyingqayizivele. ojekamanzi esithombeni.
Ojekamanzi bashaya amaphiko abo cishe izikhathi ezingama-30 ngomzuzu, ngakho-ke akukho kuzwakala okuzwakalayo kubo
Izici zokubukeka kwazo zifaka:
- ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu, eliboshelwe esifubeni;
- isifuba, esakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu (ngaphambili, okuphakathi, emuva);
- umzimba omncane owenziwe waba mude kahle, uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezi-11;
- amaphiko e-chitinous asobala (amabhangqa amabili);
- isisu esikhanyayo esikhanyayo;
- imilenze enoboya obunzima (izingcezu eziyisithupha).
Imibala yalezi zinambuzane ingaba yimibala egqamile kakhulu futhi ingeyokuqala: ivelele ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, ikhanye ngomama-we-pearl, ibe mnyama namachashazi. Ngokwemvelo, ungathola futhi ujekamanzi omhlophe (okusobala).
Ukwakheka kwezitho zombono zalesi sinambuzane kuyamangalisa. Okokuqala, lokhu kufaka phakathi amakhulu, amakota amathathu ekhanda, amehlo ahlanganiswe. Zakhiwe ngezinto eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu (izici), ngayinye engathathwa njengesitho esehlukile esisebenza ngokuzimela kwezinye.
Izici zibekwe emigqeni, ezinye zazo zehlukanisa ivolumu nokwakheka kwezinto, kanti enye ingxenye yazo ibona amaza ombala we-spectrum ehluke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-ultraviolet.
Umqhele walezi zidalwa unamehlo amathathu alula ongeziwe ahlelwe ngonxantathu. Zonke izitho zombono zihlangene zivumela ujekamanzi ukubuka indawo ezungezile esiyingini esingu-360 ° futhi ahlukanise izinto azidingayo ebangeni elingamamitha ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu.
Kepha ngakho konke lokhu, ezinye izitho zomqondo ezikumajekamanzi azithuthukisiwe ngokwanele. Umuzwa wabo wokuhogela ulinganiselwe. Izindlebe azikho nhlobo, yizimpondo kuphela ezingaphansi kwezimpiko ezithatha ukudlidlizela kwemisindo.
Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele samehlo sivumela ujekamanzi ukuba abuke isikhala ngama-degree angu-360
Izinhlobo
Lezi zinto eziphilayo zihlangana ziphelele ukuhleleka kwezinambuzane. Ojekamanzi futhi, nakho, kwehlukaniswe kwaba ngaphansi. Phakathi kwabo, abokuqala okukhulunywa ngabo yiHomoptera. Izici ezihlukile zabamele le suborder yilezi: usayizi omncane; umthethosisekelo okhanyayo, isisu esihlangene: amaphiko azo zombili ngazimbili ayalingana, agoqwe ngemuva kokuphuma endizeni. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu kukhona okulandelayo:
1. Umcibisholo unomusa. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivamile kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Abamele bayo bangama-35 mm ubude futhi banesisu esincanyana esinde. Izimpiko zazo zisobala, imilenze yazo imnyama mpunga noma imnyama.
Wonke umzimba, ohlotshiswe ngephethini yesici, ubuswa ngamathoni amnyama amnyama, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ujekamanzi onomusa uvame ukubizwa ngentambo
2. Intombazane enhle. Ubude bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ama-5. Abesilisa bane-sheen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma yensimbi, kwesinye isikhathi ngokufakwa kwamathoni aluhlaza. Insikazi inamaphiko asobala, abhemayo anemithambo ensundu ngokumpunga. Izinhlobonhlobo zisakazeke kakhulu e-Asia, ojekamanzi abanjalo bayatholakala naseningizimu yeSiberia.
Amantombazane abesilisa nabesifazane abahle ngemibala ehlukene
3. I-lute ebuthuntu ihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu eRussia emanzini angajulile agcwele utshani. Umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-metallic sheen, kwesinye isikhathi amabala aluhlaza avelele ngemuva ngemuva ophuzi.
ILutka dragonfly inezinhlobo nemibala eminingi ehlukene
I-suborder yesibili ifaka anamaphiko ahlukile. Izimpiko zangemuva zezinambuzane ezinjalo zinesisekelo esandisiwe. Ngaphandle kokundiza, womabili amaphiko amaphiko asesimweni eseluliwe. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zingaziqhayisa ngesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo, okulandelayo kufanele kushiwo ikakhulukazi.
1. Umkhulu ojwayelekile. Ojekamanzi abanjalo bafinyelela kubude obungeqile kwamasentimitha amahlanu. Amehlo abo aluhlaza okotshani. Isifuba esinemivimbo emnyama etshekile sinombala ophuzi, isisu simnyama namabala aphuzi ezinhlangothini nomugqa wobude ofanayo wombala ofanayo. Imilenze imnyama, izimpiko zisobala. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala e-Asia Ephakathi naseCaucasus.
Umkhulu ojwayelekile
2. Ujekamanzi wegazi uhlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. Ubukhulu besinambuzane esinjalo bufinyelela ku-4 cm. ujekamanzi obomvu... Kwesinye isikhathi umzimba wezidalwa ezinjalo u-orange noma uphuzi nsundu. Izisekelo zamaphiko zingumbombayi, imilenze imnyama. Izinhlangothi zesifuba zihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama, isisu simhlophe ngaphansi.
I-dragonfly yegazi ingahlanganisa imibala ehlukahlukene ebomvu ngombala
I-suborder yesithathu ibizwa ngegama elithi: Anisozygopter. Njengomthetho, abamele bayo basondelene kakhulu nokwakheka kwamaphiko amaningi, kepha bahlanganisa izici zombili lezi zingqimba ezingaphansi ezishiwo ekuqaleni.
Izinhlobo ezingama-6650 zojekamanzi ziyaziwa, kanti ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayisithupha kuzo ziyizinsalela. Kepha lokhu akuwona umkhawulo, ngoba unyaka nonyaka kutholakala izinhlobo ezintsha ngobuningi.
Umndeni obanzi kakhulu kusuka kuleli oda yizimpungushe zangempela, ezibizwa nangokuthi izisu ezigcwele. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba yinkulungwane. Ubukhulu babameleli bayo buhlukile, kunezibonelo ezifika kubude obuyi-3 cm kuphela, kukhona ojekamanzi futhi bangaphezulu kuka-5 cm, amaphiko abo angaba nesikhala esingafika ku-10 cm.
Umbala nawo uhlukile, kepha kaningi kuba nsundu-phuzi, kuhlotshiswe ngamabhande aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma amaphethini abomvu.
Unyathela obomvu kajekamanzi
Okusakazeke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni i-vagrant encane enamakhanda abomvu. it i-dragonfly yegolide (obomvu ophuzi). Izidalwa ezinjalo zaziwa ukundizela phezulu. Ngaphezu kwe-Antarctica, zivamile kuwo wonke amazwekazi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ojekamanzi basakazeka ngempumelelo kuphela kulezo zindawo zeplanethi lapho amazinga okushisa azinzile angagcinwa izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngonyaka. Ukusatshalaliswa kwazo okubanzi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zazo ikakhulu kungenxa yemvelaphi yasendulo yalezi zinambuzane, amandla azo okuhamba esikhaleni ngokushesha nangokuzimisela, kanye nemithombo yokudla ehlukahlukene kanye nokuthanda ukunambitheka.
Indlela yokuphila yalezi zinambuzane i-amphibiotic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaqanda nezibungu zezinto eziphilayo ezinjalo zihamba ngezigaba zokukhula kwazo emanzini, kanti abantu abadala (abadala) benza umsebenzi wabo obalulekile emoyeni nasemhlabeni.
Lawa amaflaya amahle, okulula ukuwabona ngokuwabuka ojekamanzi ehlobo... Ziyashesha futhi ziyashesha, futhi phakathi kwezinambuzane zingompetha abangajwayelekile, zakha isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba emoyeni, kwesinye isikhathi esingafinyelela kuma-57 km / h.
Kumele kuqashelwe hhayi ijubane kuphela, kepha nobuciko bokundiza, kanye nokuhamba kwalezi zidalwa, lapho zisizwa khona kakhulu ngamafomu omzimba ahlelekile.
Isici somoya sejekamanzi singathathwa njengekhaya. Endizeni, akakwazi nje kuphela ukudla, kodwa ngisho nokukhwelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi yizilwane ezinolaka kakhulu, ezinonya, ngakho-ke izinto eziningi eziphilayo ezivela emhlabeni wezinambuzane zinesizathu sokukhathazeka uma zifisa umthunzi wejekamanzi.
Ojekamanzi bandiza kahle futhi bahamba amabanga amade ngejubane elingu-130 km / h ngomsila womoya
Lezi zidalwa, sezithathe indawo ethile, ziyivikela ngomona kulabo abancintisana nabo futhi ziyilwela kanzima nezihlobo zazo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ojekamanzi badla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane. Ukudla kwabo kufaka nokuncela igazi: imidingi, omiyane, izimpukane zehhashi. Isimo somzimba walezi zidalwa, esizisiza ukuba zindize ngokuphelele, sizinikeza insizakalo ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Ojekamanzi banomkhuba wokuhlasela izisulu zabo besuka ngezansi, bezidlula emoyeni. Kunencazelo yalokhu, ngoba ngemuva kwesibhakabhaka, izitho zombono zalezi zilwane, eziphendula ngenkuthalo kumbala we-ultraviolet noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ziyakwazi ukubona izinto okuhle kunakho konke.
Lezi zinambuzane ngokwemvelo zinikezwe umlomo onamandla kanye nemihlathi e-serrated, ebasiza ukuba babhekane nesilwane. Futhi ukubanjwa kwayo kwenziwa lula ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile, izinwele ezinzima emilenzeni nasezimpondweni ezimfushane.
Ojekamanzi bangadla amalungu entekenteke ohlobo lwawo
Ngomzamo wokuthola ukudla kwabo, ujekamanzi uyakwazi ukuzibandakanya empini eyodwa nesitha esingaphezu kwakhe ngosayizi. Lezi zidalwa ziminzi kakhulu, okunenzuzo enkulu, kuqeda omiyane, izimpukane nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Baqala ukuzingela kusukela ngovivi, kuthi lapho nje ilanga lishona, bahlale phansi balale emaqabungeni ezitshalo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lapho umzwelo wemvelo uqala ukunxenxeza ojekamanzi besilisa ukuba bazalane ngohlobo lwabo, bona, behlangana bodwa futhi bakhe imihlambi emikhulu, bagijimela ukuyofuna abalingani babo. Kodwa okokuqala, i-capsule enembewu iyahlukaniswa futhi ihanjiswe ngayo kuze kube yilapho ithola insikazi efanelekile.
Beqhutshwa yilo mgomo, bahlola izindawo eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zinambuzane kuhlobene ngqo nezinto ezinjengamanzi. Kepha yona le nqubo yokulandelana kwalezi zinto eziphilayo yenzeka emoyeni.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa babamba abesifazane ngezinzipho, bathathe ikhanda labo. Ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, lezi zithandani ziyakwazi ukuhamba emoyeni esimweni sokuhlangana.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, umlingani uya emanzini (emifuleni, imifudlana, amaxhaphozi, imisele, amachibi), lapho abeka khona amaqanda, inani lawo elingafinyelela izingcezu ezingamakhulu ayisithupha. Imvamisa zibekwa ezitshalweni ezikhula ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kuvela ama-naiads (izibungu ze-dragonfly, abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-nymphs).
Amanzi amasha adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yojekamanzi
I-naiad iyakhula futhi ikhule entweni yamanzi, lapho izitholela khona ukudla, izingela. Umbono oyingqayizivele wezibungu ubavumela ukuthi babone izisulu zabo ngezikhathi zokuhamba kuphela. Ngesikhathi zizingela, zidubula inyamazane yazo ngamanzi. Futhi uma kunengozi, i-naiad iyakwazi ukubalekela usongo ngokuthuthukisa isivinini esanele ngokwanele, esitholwa ngokucindezela umoya uphume endunu.
Ngasikhathi sinye i-naiad ihlala ichitha futhi ikhula, ichithe isikhumba esidala esiqinile. Futhi inani lama-molts lingafika kweshumi nambili nengxenye. Esigabeni sokugcina, ujekamanzi uphenduka inambuzane endala. Izimpiko zakhe zisakazeka futhi uqhubeka nokuphila kwakhe endaweni yomoya.
Isikhathi sokudla isibungu sincike enanini lokudla endaweni eseduze naso. Ukholelwa ukuthi ujekamanzi angahlala kulesi simo kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezehlukile kuphela, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinambuzane, ngisho nakuzo zontathu izigaba zokuphila kwazo, imfushane kakhulu.
Isibungu se-Naiad dragonfly
Kodwa-ke, kuncike ngqo endaweni yokuhlala kanye nosayizi walezi zidalwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ayikho ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyishumi. Kepha abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke, abanezimo ezihle zasendle, bayakwazi ukufeza ngempumelelo umsebenzi wabo obalulekile iminyaka eyisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu.
Kubantu, lezi zidalwa ziwusizo olukhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, babhubhisa izinambuzane eziningi ezimunca igazi, izinambuzane zamahlathi nomhlaba wezolimo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ujekamanzi – impova, futhi isebenza ukusiza izitshalo ukuzala, kanye nezinyosi nezimvemvane.
Yiqiniso, izibungu zingaletha ingozi enkulu. Bancintisana nefry kwezomsoco, okufaka isandla ekwehliseni izinombolo zabo.
