Imfene kungenye yokudla okunempilo kakhulu. La ma-crustaceans atholakala kuzo zonke izilwandle nolwandle, futhi angatholakala nasemizimbeni yamanzi amasha. Ama-arthropod ahlukile abonwa, okokuqala, njengesibiliboco esinomsoco, isithako ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene, kepha imfanzi ngokwazo izakhamuzi ezingavamile kakhulu futhi eziyimfihlakalo zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, ezinomzimba okhethekile. Abalandeli abaningi be-scuba diving emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo banethuba lokulandela indlela yabo yokuziphatha - uma uhambisa ulwelwe, khona-ke imfanzi igxuma iphume njengezintethe otshanini obujwayelekile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Shrimp
Ama-Shrimp angama-crustaceans avela ku-oda le-decapod, kunezigaba ezingama-250 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2000 ezihlukene zalezi zidalwa. Izimfanzi ezingama-Decapod zingama-crustaceans aphakeme, ngokungafani nezinye ezinamaseli amaningi, imisipha yenhliziyo yawo inokwakheka okuhambisanayo. Njengawo wonke ama-arthropods, angaphansi kombuso wezilwane, anezinto ezibonakalayo ezinomkhawulo wokukhula komzimba ngakho-ke isilwane kufanele sikuthulule ngezikhathi ezithile - senze i-molting.
Ividiyo: Shrimp
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zezimfanzi okudingwa ngazo ukudoba, ezinye zilinywa emapulazini akhethekile ama-shrimp, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezigcinwa ngempumelelo ngisho nasemanzini asemanzini. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zala ma-crustaceans, i-protandric hermaphroditism iyisici - ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo bayakwazi ukushintsha ubulili babo. Lesi simanga esingavamile sokubonakala okuhlukile kwezici zobulili obuhlukile ezilwaneni ze-hermaphrodite asivamile impela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inyama ye-Shrimp icebile kakhulu kumaprotheni futhi ine-calcium ephezulu, kepha inama-calories amancane, kepha, imfanzi, njengawo wonke amanye ama-arthropod ahlala olwandle, ayivunyelwe ebuJudeni. Kukhona ukungavumelani mayelana nokuvunyelwa kwala ma-crustaceans e-Islam.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani imfanzi
Umbala nobukhulu bezimfanzi buxhomeke ohlotsheni lwazo, kodwa kuwo wonke la ma-crustaceans, ingaphandle limbozwe ungqimba oluqinile oluqhubekayo lwe-chitin, ezishintsha njengoba zikhula. I-mollusk inomzimba ohlangane, ophahlwe ezinhlangothini, ozohlukaniswa ngesisu, i-cephalothorax. I-cephalothorax, nayo, ine-protrusion engavamile - i-rostrum, lapho amazinyo ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene angabonakala khona kuye ngohlobo lwe-crustacean. Umbala wezimfanzi ungasukela kokumpunga naluhlaza okotshani uye kupinki futhi ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngemivimbo yesici, amabala, ububanzi besayizi obusukela kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwangu-30. Amehlo e-Shrimp aqukethe inani elikhulu lezici; inani labo landa ngokukhula. Umbono wabo ubumbekile futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ama-crustaceans abona kahle kuphela ebangeni elincane elifinyelela kumasentimitha amaningana.
Kodwa-ke, iso libhekene nokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni akhethekile alawula:
- shintsha umbala womzimba;
- ukukhula, imvamisa molts;
- umzimba, izinga lokuqoqwa kwe-calcium;
- ukuhleleka kokuhlelwa kwe-pigment.
Izimpondo zangaphakathi zangaphakathi ziyizitho zokuthinta. Isisu sezimfanzi sinamabhangqa amahlanu emilenze - ama-pleopods, isilwane esibhukuda ngawo. Insikazi ithwala amaqanda kuma-pleopods, iyahamba, iyawageza futhi awahlanze. Izitho zokugcina, kanye nomsila, zakha umlandeli obanzi. Igoba isisu sayo, le crustacean iyakwazi ukubhukuda ibuyele emuva ngokushesha engozini. Imfanzi inezimbambo ezintathu zemihlathi yezitho zomzimba, ngosizo lwayo iqoqa ukudla futhi ikulethe ezindaweni ezigunyaziwe, ezinama-bristles anquma ukuthi kufanele idliwe noma cha.
Amabili emilenze yembaza aguqulwa aba ngozipho. Zivikela imfanzi, zibambe inyamazane enkulu. Kwabesilisa, bavame ukukhula kakhulu. Imilenze yokuhamba esifubeni iyathakazelisa ngokuthi imilenze yangakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla kusuka kubhangqa ngalinye lihamba ngokuzimela lodwa. Imisipha yezimfanzi ifihlwe onqenqemeni lwegobolondo futhi ixhunywe ezingalweni zepectoral. Amanzi aqhutshwa ngomgodi usebenzisa i-blade enkulu emihlathini yangemuva.
Ihlala kuphi imfanzi?
Isithombe: Imfene olwandle
Izimfanzi, zidlala indima ebalulekile esimisweni semvelo sezilwandle nezilwandle, zisabalale cishe yonke indawo.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2000 zala ma-crustaceans zingahlukaniswa zibe ama-subspecies alandelayo:
- amanzi angenasawoti - atholakala eRussia, emanzini ase-Australia, e-South Asia;
- izimfanzi zamanzi abandayo yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezihlala eNyakatho, eBaltic Sea, eBarents, eduze nogu lwaseGreenland, eCanada;
- Ama-molluscs wamanzi afudumele - olwandle naseningizimu yolwandle;
- i-brackish - emanzini anosawoti.
Ama-crustaceans aseChile azinza kulo lonke ugu lwaseNingizimu Melika, atholakala oLwandle Olumnyama, iMedithera, kanye nezimfanzi "zenkosi" - e-Atlantic Ocean. Lapho kudalwa izimo ezikahle, ezinye izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi afudumele zigcinwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni zasemanzini. Eziningi zazo zazakhiwe ngokufakelwa, zinombala ongavamile ongaveli emvelweni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimfanzi zamanzi abandayo zingazala kuphela endaweni yazo yemvelo futhi aziziboleki ekutshaleni okwenziwe. AmaCrustaceans adla kuphela eplankton enobungani bemvelo, enquma ikhwalithi ephezulu nenani lenyama yabo. Abamele abaluleke kakhulu bale subspecies yizimfanzi zasenyakatho ezibomvu nezibomvu, ama-chillim asenyakatho.
Manje uyazi lapho imfanzi itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi badlani.
Zidlani izimfanzi?
Isithombe: Imfanzi enkulu
Shrimp kukhona scavengers, isisekelo sabo sokudla cishe noma yiziphi izinsalela eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crustaceans athanda ukuzitika ngama-plankton, amaqabunga alga anamanzi, angazingela izinhlanzi ezincane ezincane, aze agibele nasemanetheni abadobi. Izimfanzi zifuna ukudla ngephunga nangokuthintwa, ziphendulela izimpondo zazo zezimpondo ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zibhidliza inhlabathi ngenkuthalo zifuna izimila, kanti ezinye zigijima ezansi zize zikhubeke ekudleni okuthile.
Lezi mollusks cishe aziboni futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa izakhi zezinto kuphela ebangeni lamasentimitha amaningana, ngakho-ke umuzwa wephunga udlala i-violin enkulu. Imfanzi ihlasela inyamazane yayo ngokucijile, iyibambe ngemilenze yangaphambili, iyibambe ize yehle. Imihlathi ethuthukisiwe noma okugunyazwayo kugaya ukudla kancane kancane, okungathatha amahora athile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebusuku, zonke izimfanzi ziyakhanya, ziguquke, kuthi emini zibe mnyama, futhi zishintshe umbala wazo ngokushesha kuye ngesizinda.
Okwezimfanzi zasemanzini, izindlela ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile noma imifino ejwayelekile ebilisiwe isetshenziswa njengokuphakelayo. Akukho neyodwa i-crustacean engaziphika injabulo yokudla izinsalela zabahlobo bayo noma iyiphi inhlanzi yase-aquarium.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Imfanzi yasolwandle
Izimfanzi ziyizilwane ezihamba kakhulu kepha eziyimfihlo. Bahlala behamba ezansi kwamachibi befuna ukudla futhi bayakwazi ukunqoba amabanga amade impela, ngendlela efanayo izinambuzane zikhasa phezu kwamaqabunga ezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ziqoqa izidumbu zazo. Esengozini encane, ama-crustaceans acasha ezihlahleni, emhlabathini, phakathi kwamatshe. Ziyabahlanzi futhi zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile emvelweni wezilwandle. Bahlasela izihlobo zabo ngokungavamile kakhulu futhi kuphela ezimweni zendlala enkulu lapho kungekho inani elanele lokudla okujwayelekile.
Bahamba ngobuciko ngokubonga ngokuhamba, imilenze yokubhukuda etholakala esifubeni nasesiswini. Ngosizo lweziqu zemisila, izimfanzi ziyakwazi ukubhampa kakhulu ebangeni elanele ngokwanele, zihlehlele emuva ngokushesha futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithuse izitha zazo ngokuchofoza. Zonke izimfanzi zizodwa, kepha, noma kunjalo, ama-crustaceans atholakala ikakhulukazi emaqenjini amakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyasebenza ebusuku, kanti ezinye zizingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izitho zangasese, inhliziyo yezimfanzi zitholakala endaweni yekhanda. Kubuye kube nezitho zomchamo nezokugaya ukudla. Igazi lala ma-crustaceans imvamisa likhanya ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, kepha alabi nombala lapho i-oxygen incane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Imfanzi Ephuzi
Ngokwesilinganiso, imfanzi iphila iminyaka eyi-1.6 kuye kweyi-6, kuya ngohlobo lwayo. I-Shrimp ingabesilisa nabesifazane, kepha izindlala zesilisa nezesifazane zakha ngezikhathi ezingafani. Okokuqala, ekuqaleni kokuthomba, imfanzi encane iba owesilisa futhi kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila lapho iguqula ubulili bayo bube kobobuphambene.
Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, insikazi iqala inqubo yokwakha amaqanda futhi esigabeni sokuqala ifana nenqwaba yombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza. Lapho ikulungele ngokuphelele ukukhwelana, insikazi ifihla izinto ezikhethekile, ama-pheromones, owesilisa amthola ngayo. Yonke inqubo yokukhwelana ithatha imizuzu embalwa futhi emva kwesikhashana amaqanda avela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesifazane bagcina amaqanda angenazicucu ezinweleni zemilenze yesisu, bese behambisa inzalo nabo kuze kuphume izibungu emaqandeni.
Ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa kwamanzi, izibungu ziyakhula ngaphakathi kwamaqanda kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10-30, zidlula kusuka ezigabeni eziyi-9 kuye kwezingu-12 ze-embryogenesis. Okokuqala, imihlathi iyakhiwa, bese kuba yi-cephalothorax. Iningi lezibungu ziyafa ngosuku lokuqala futhi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni okungekho ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayisihlanu kuya kwayi-10 kuwo wonke amazinyane. Ezimweni zokufakelwa, izinga lokusinda liphindwe kathathu. Izibungu ngokwazo azisebenzi futhi azikwazi ukufuna ukudla ngokwazo.
Izitha zemvelo zemfanzi
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani imfanzi
Inani elikhulu lezimfanzi lifa esigabeni sesibungu. Ama-whale shark, imikhomo, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-planktivores zondla la ma-crustaceans njalo. Imvamisa ziyizisulu zezinye izinhlanzi ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-molluscs, izinyoni zasolwandle, izinhlanzi ze-benthic ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo. Imfene ayinazo izikhali ezilwa nezitha zayo, zingazama kuphela ukuphunyuka uma kunengozi noma zicashe phakathi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-crustaceans angazama ukwethusa isitha sawo futhi, esebenzisa ukudideka kwakhe, abaleke. Izimfanzi, ezinemibala yokufihla, ziyakwazi ukulingisa umbala wezansi enesihlabathi, futhi, uma kunesidingo, zishintsha masinyane umbala kuye ngemvelo nohlobo lwemvelo.
Imfene nayo ingaphansi kokudotshwa ngenhloso yokuhweba. La ma-molluscs abanjwa kakhulu e-Atlantic Ocean naseLwandle iMedithera. Minyaka yonke, kuvunwa amathani emfanzi angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3,5 emanzini amanzi anosawoti kusetshenziswa i-trolling engezansi, ecekela phansi indawo yokuhlala ama-crustaceans kuze kube amashumi amane eminyaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Azikho izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwegama lesayensi elithi "king" shrimp, njengoba zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu zalezi arthropods zibizwa kanjalo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke yi-black tiger shrimp, engafinyelela kuma-36 cm ubude futhi ibe nesisindo esifinyelela ku-650 gram.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Imfanzi ebomvu
Ngaphandle kwesibalo esikhulu sezitha zemvelo, iphesenti eliphansi lokusinda kwesibungu nokudoba okusebenzayo, isimo sezinhlobo okwamanje sizinzile futhi akukho ukwesaba ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-crustacean luzonyamalala ngokuphelele. Ama-Shrimps anokuzala okumangalisayo, akwazi ukubuyisela ngokushesha inani lawo labantu - yilokhu okusindisa ekuqothulweni okuphelele.
Kukhona umbono wokuthi imfanzi ingalawula ngokuzimela inani labantu bayo:
- ngokukhula kwayo ngokweqile nokuqala kokushoda kokudla, aqala ukuzala izingane kaningi;
- ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwamanani, ama-mollusk akhiqiza ngokuzikhandla okukhulu.
Eziningi zezimfanzi ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinkulu, zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-37 ubude, zitshalwe emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Ngenxa yokwakheka kokusebenza kwamapulazi, imininingwane yokudla, inyama yalezi crustaceans igcwele amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Izimfanzi ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu yilezo ezikhule ngokwemvelo emanzini acwebile, abandayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, ugu lwaseJapan lukhanya ebumnyameni ngenxa yezimfanzi ezikhanyayo ezihlala esihlabathini futhi zibonakale lapho kunamaza amancane. Umsindo wokuchofoza imfanzi ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwama-sonar ngwenya - i-sonar izokuzwa kuphela ikhethini lomsindo eliqhubekayo.
Imfene - yini esetshenziselwa ukudla, ekhuliswe ezindaweni zasemanzini, kepha bazi okuncane kakhulu ngalesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile esidlala indima ebalulekile esimisweni semvelo sezilwandle zomhlaba. Lokhu akuyona nje isibiliboco noma isithako sezitsha ezidumile, kepha yisidalwa esiyingqayizivele esimangazayo nesithokozisayo ngokuhluka kwaso.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/29/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07/29/2019 ngo-21: 22
