Ama-Agronomists, amahlathi kanye nezazi zezulu. Abantu bale misebenzi bavame ukusebenzisa igama elithi "indawo ephakathi yeRussia". Umqondo unemibandela, njengemingcele yendawo yendawo. Ngokuvamile, sikhuluma ngengxenye yezwe laseYurophu enesimo sezulu esipholile sezwekazi.
Ibamba izindawo zeTambov, iKursk, iSmolensk, iTver, iKostroma, i-Ivanovo, iTula ne-Orel. Isifunda senhlokodolobha naso sifakiwe ohlwini. Kusele ukufaka iZifunda zeLipetsk, iBelgorod Orel, iBryansk, iKaluga, iRyazan neVladimir.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile, kuhlala izinyoni ezingekho njalo kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia. Izinhlobo ezivamile 16. Ake siqale ngalabo abamazwi abo aculwa ezincwadini, emculweni nasezingqungqutheleni zomdabu.
I-nightingale ejwayelekile
Maphakathi neRussia, le nyoni ivela ngomhlaka 10 kuNhlaba. Uma uqondiswa yizimpawu zemvelo, ama-nightingales alinde ukuthi ama-birches ambozwe ngamaqabunga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakhaza ngeke abuye kuze kube sekwindla futhi amanzi ngeke ambozwe yiqhwa.
Ukuba seduze kwamanzi yisimo esiyinhloko sezidleke zasebusuku. Lezi izinyoni zezingoma zasenkabeni yeRussia thanda umswakama. Ngakho-ke, bafuna i-vociferous emahlathini asezikhukhuleni nasezindaweni eziphansi.
Ngaphandle, ngasendleleni, ama-nightingales awabonakali, makhulu kancane kunondlunkulu. Izinyoni zinsundu ngomnqumo. Umphimbo nesisu kukhanya kunezimpaphe ezinkulu. Izimpaphe zomsila ezingenhla zibomvu kancane. "Izingubo" zabesifazane nabesilisa ziyefana. Isisindo siyefana. Kubantu abadala, kungama-25-30 amagremu.
Ama-Nightingales afakiwe emndenini we-blackbird. Izinhlobo ezivamile ziyisihlobo sasentshonalanga. Lesi sakamuva yisona esicula kakhulu phakathi kwama-nightingales. Ubudlelwano babuthinta izinyoni zaseRussia. Ama-arias abo acishe alingane nezingoma zezinyoni zaseNtshonalanga. Ama-Nightingales anikeza amakhonsathi ebusuku, afe nokuntwela kokusa.
Esithombeni inyoni ye-nightingale
Isipho sezinyosi
Impunga engcolile, esiqwini esincanyana neside. Ichazwa kanjena le Toadstool - ikhowa elaziwa ngobuthi balo. Inyoni ihlangana ngani nayo? Kukhona nezitsha zokugeza phakathi kwazo. Ibizwa ngokufaniswa namakhowe, ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle.
Isibabule esinezimpaphe. Esikhundleni somlenze omude, kunentamo ende, ethweswe umqhele ngekhanda elinekhola elibomvu ngokubomvu. Izimpaphe zalo ezimnyama zihlukaniswe ngama-tufts ama-2, angeza ukufana nekepisi lekhowe elinoshevu. Lena incazelo ejwayelekile.
I-toadstool ine-subspecies. Iningi labo lingabantu abahlala khona umzila ophakathi nendawo. Izinyoni ama-subspecies anezintambo ezibomvu ahlukaniswa yimivimbo yegolide ezihlathini, aphenduke abe izicucu zezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ngokulinganayo eduze kwezindlebe. Isigaxa esikhulu senzipho sineshiya elimhlophe, kepha esinezihlathi ezimpunga asinaso.
Izindlezane ziyahluka ngosayizi. Abamele ama-subspecies amakhulu anesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu futhi afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-57 ubude. Ubuningi be-grebes enamahlathi ampunga cishe ngama-gram angama-700. Nokho, ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-43. Izinyoni ezinamahlathi abomvu zinesisindo esingu-400 grams kuphela, zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-34.
Ama-Toadstools ahlaliswe ezindaweni ezifudumele, kepha eRussia afika kuphela ehlobo. Izinyoni zivela maphakathi no-Ephreli futhi zihlala emanzini. Lapha, ama-toadstools athola izithandani bese aqala ukudansa. Umsebenzi ukuphinda ngokuvumelanayo ukunyakaza komlingani. Lokhu kwenziwa yizinyoni ezinensingo yotshani ngomlomo wazo. Umusa wezimpaphe, noma kunjalo, ungaba nomona.
Esithombeni kunesihlalo sezinyoni
I-Bustard
Lezi izinyoni zasenkabeni yeRussia isatshalaliswa kuphela emngceleni waseningizimu. Umhlobo lo ubhalwe kuRed Book. Abantu babekhubazekile ngokuzingela. I-bustard inkulu kunazo zonke izinyoni ezindizayo zase-Europe. Inyama akuyona nje eningi, ibuye ibe mnandi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukuzingelwa kwamiswa kuphela ngokuvinjelwa.
Uma kunengozi, ama-bustard awakhali nokukhala. Abamele lezi zinhlobo abayizimungulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bustard inamehlo abukhali futhi ibukeka kahle, okufana neturkey. Vuliwe umzila ophakathi wezinyoni isithombe kubonakale kukhulu.
Eziduna zinkulu, zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15-20. Ubuningi besifazane abudluli amakhilogremu ayi-8. Ubulili besifazane buhamba bungekho amadevu. Abesilisa banazo, kunjalo, zinezimpaphe. Amakhanda ezinyoni aphakathi nendawo, ampunga ngomlomo omfishane. Intamo nomzimba onamandla ziyahlukahluka. Izimpaphe ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, ezibomvu ziyafakwa. Kuvela iphethini enezintambo.
Ama-Bustards - izinyoni zasenkabeni yeRussia, isuka ngesiqalo sokuqalisa kuphela. Ubukhulu buyaphazamisa ukuqala endaweni. Abazingeli babevuna umusa wokungasheshi okunjalo, okunomthelela ekwehleni okusheshayo kwenani lama-bustard.
Inyoni yeBustard
Ukuqothula
Ezokuthutha. ERussia kakade ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Uma ubusika bebufudumele, bufika ngoFebhuwari. Ama-settle eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Idla izinambuzane. Ngaphandle, ukwehluleka kuhlukaniswa nge-tuft ekhanda labo. Igobile ngokudlala, njenge-curl.
Umbala wabamele lezi zinhlobo umnyama futhi umhlophe, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana "uyashwiba" ngombala wombala. I-gamut yabo ifana nemichilo kaphethiloli emanzini, noma ama-oxide ezinsimbi.
Izisu zokuphelelwa amandla zimhlophe njengeqhwa, kanti imilenze ibomvu klebhu. Ubuhle buncane. Isisindo sezinyoni asidluli kuma-350 amagremu. AmaLapwings angamasentimitha angama-28-30 ubude. Osayizi besifazane nabesilisa bayefana.
Amazwi okuphelelwa yisikhathi awajabulisi njengokuvela kwawo. Izimpaphe zinomsindo, i-shrill. ERussia, inganekwane yowesifazane owaphenduka inyoni wabubula ngokulahlekelwa ngumyeni wakhe yadluliselwa emlonyeni ngomlomo. Umlando ufanele ububele. Mhlawumbe yingakho amaSlav abheka ukuthambekela kwamaphutha kungcwele, kanye nokonakala kwezidleke zawo njengesono.
Esithombeni inyoni iyaphela
I-Landrail
Izwi le-corncrake nalo alinawo umculo. Izinyoni zasehlathini zomzila ophakathi nendawo aqhephukayo futhi avame ukwenza iphutha ngamaxoxo. Lapho uthola umthombo womsindo, ubona inyoni enesisindo esingaba ngamagremu ayi-150.
Umzimba wezimpaphe ucwecwe kancane, upendwe ngamathoni ampunga, ansundu futhi amnyama. Kwisizinda esingabonakali, amaphiko ama-2 amafushane. Bayakwazi ukuphakamisela inyoni emoyeni. Lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka. UCrake akathandi ukundiza.
Kunzima ukubona i-corncrake. Abamele lezi zinhlobo banokwesaba okukhulu, babona kahle, bezwa futhi, ngokusobala, bayasibona isimo. Ama-corncrake akhe aphenya ezimfundeni ezimanzi ngotshani obude, lapho bahlala khona. Ukwenza inkinga yokufuna izinyoni nakho kusebenze ebusuku. Ngisho nasebumnyameni obumnyama, ukunyakaza kommbila kuhamba, kugonene phansi. Izinyoni zehlisa intamo nesifuba kuye.
Ekugcineni, sizodalula imfihlo yomzimba oyisicaba we-corncrake. Ukuminyaniswa kohlangothi kunciphisa ukumelana nomoya ngenkathi kusebenza. Njengoba zingakujwayele ukundiza zisuke engozini, izinyoni zithembele emandleni emilenze yazo nasemithethweni ye-physics.
Unyoni lwezinyoni
Umfundisi
Umzimba we-starling upendwe nge-pink. Abanye, igama lezinyoni zasenkabeni yeRussia ifana nomnyama. Izimpaphe ezisemsileni, entanyeni nasekhanda zidwetshwe kuwo. Banokukhanya okububende. Ekhanda lenyoni kukhona i-crest.
Izimpaphe zayo ezinde azitholakali ngaphezulu kuphela, kodwa nasezinhlangothini zesifonyo. Imilenze enezimpiko ibomvu tebhu. Ezinkanyezini ezisencane, le ukuphela kwendawo ekhanyayo. Ebusheni, izinyoni zinsundu.
Izinkanyezi ezibomvana azikwazi ukuzicabanga zingenalo iqembu. Imihlambi yezinyoni miningi kangangokuba imboza isibhakabhaka. Zindiza ngamashumi ezinkulungwane. Esibhakabhakeni, imizimba epinki ephaphathekile yezinkanyezi “ilahlekile”. IStati ibukeka njengamabala okinki. Ubuningi bazo bungenxa yomkhuba wezinkanyezi ezindizeni ukuze zigone ndawonye.
Izidleke zezinkanyezi ezibomvana emathafeni asogwadule. Uma izihlahla zingekho, izinyoni zimba imigodi emhlabathini, zizimboze ngotshani nangezimpaphe. Ubuningi bezidleke bufana nendawo yezinkanyezi ezindizayo. Kumamitha-skwele angama-20 - inani elifanayo lokwakhiwa kwamatshe.
Umfundisi
Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane
Itholakala kulo lonke elaseRussia, kepha ifuduka ngesimo sezulu esibandayo. KU-IN umzila ophakathi nendawo - inyoni ebusika... Kodwa-ke, kulo nyaka okhona, abalindi bezinyoni bathole isikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane esifundeni saseTyumen. Leli iqiniso lokuqala lobusika bezinhlobo ezingaphandle kwendawo emaphakathi.
Incazelo yesikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane siyefana nezici zesikhova esivamile. Kodwa-ke, kumashi, izimpaphe ekhanda zincane, ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni inkulu. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-40.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, okuyi-atypical yezinyoni eziningi. Amaphiko wobulili obuhle angaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-30, isigamu esiqinile sabantu asifinyeleli nakuma-27.
Izikhova ezinamaqabunga amafushane - izinyoni ezidla umzila ophakathi nendawokunabasizi bezazi zezolimo namahlathi. Izimpaphe zibhubhisa amagundane nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kuyiqiniso, inani lezikhova ngokwalo lehla. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, uhlobo lwexhaphozi beluhlushwa isifo sofuba nezinambuzane. Izinyoni eziningi zifa ezimpini nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane
Isikhukhukazi esimpunga
Izimpiko zayo zifinyelela kumamitha amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni inesisindo esingeqile ku-2,5 kilograms. Umzimba omncane, onomusa ulule ngamasentimitha angama-90-100. Uqhwaku lwendlovu lufaniswa nenkemba, lukhulu kakhulu.
Ikhanda le-heron linwetshiwe, ngokubukeka libukeka lide kunosayizi wangempela. Ukukhohlisa okubonakalayo kudalwa yinqwaba yezimpaphe ezandisa ukwakheka njenge-pigtail. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe nazo zilenga entanyeni ende yelende elimpunga. Intamo, ngasendleleni, imhlophe. Kunezimpawu ezimnyama esiswini nasekhanda. Zonke izimpaphe ziyimpunga, yingakho igama lohlobo lolo.
ERussia, izindwandwe zihlala izinyanga eziyi-6-7. Zindizela e-Afrika ebusika. Zibuyela njalo ezindaweni zazo zakudala zokwakha izidleke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuwagcina. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke kuphendulela amakholoni ama-heron kude nezindawo ezinkulu zaseRussia.
Kwesinye isikhathi, izinyoni zihlala kuzo ebusika, zizivivinya amandla. Ngokuwa okukhulu kweqhwa namakhaza amabi, izinyoni ziyafa. Kodwa-ke, isifiso sezimpungushe ezimpunga sokuhlala eRussia sinikeza ilungelo lokuzibiza ngokufuduka kancane kuphela.
Umhlobo lo ubhalwe kuRed Book. Isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo sihlotshaniswa nokwehla okubanzi kwenani lezindwandwe ezimpunga. Azinakuzisiza ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni. Amachwane azalwa engenazo izimpaphe futhi awakwazi ukuhamba. Izindlovu zimi ngezinyawo ngeviki lesithathu lempilo, zihlala zisengozini iminyaka embalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi lentsha liyabulawa.
Isikhukhukazi esimpunga
Ukhozi lwesitepe
Kufaniswa nendawo yokungcwaba. Ukhozi olusemaqeleni luyahlukahluka ngokungabi bikho kwamabala emahlombe kanye ne "cap" emhlophe ekhanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokungcwaba inombala omnyama. Ukhozi lweSteppe lunombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo Kunophawu olubuthuntu ngemuva kwekhanda lenyoni.
Ubude, izimpaphe zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-85. Amaphiko okhozi angamasentimitha ayi-180. Isisindo somzimba asidluli amakhilogremu ama-5. Njengesikhova esinamaqabunga amafushane, abesilisa bezinhlobo bancane kunabesifazane.
Izinkozi zeSteppe - izinyoni zasebusika zomugqa ophakathi nendawo... Izilwane ezihlasela izilwane azibulali nje kuphela umdlalo unyaka wonke, kodwa futhi zelapha namahlathi. Isilingo senziwa eTransbaikalia. Izazi zezilwane zathatha izimbila eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 000 zazihlolela induku yesifo.
Zonke izilwane zaziphilile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ososayensi baya ezindaweni zokwakha izinkozi, baqoqa lapho izinsalela zezimbila abazidlile. Iningi labo lithole ukutheleleka. Izinkozi ze-Steppe zifuna izilwane ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo esixukwini, zondle ngazo. Akwaziwa ukuthi izinyoni zizobabona kanjani labo asebephila okwesikhashana.
Ukhozi olusemaqeleni luyisibonelo seNcwadi Ebomvu. Ukwehla kwabantu kugcwele ukusabalala kwezifo ezithwalwa amagundane. Izazi zezilwane zilwela ukubuyisa lolu hlobo. Ngokuyinhloko, amadivayisi akhethekile afakiwe ezintanjeni zikagesi. Ukudlula emathafeni, baba ukufa okuyisisekelo kwezinyoni. Izinkozi ziwela ezintanjeni ziwe zifile, zishaywe ugesi.
Ukhozi lwesitepe
Sterkh
Ukukhula kwale nyoni kuhambisana nomuntu, futhi kuphila ngokufana. I-Siberian Crane endala kunazo zonke yayineminyaka engu-80 ubudala. Amaphiko enyoni angamamitha ayi-2,5. Kubukeka kumangalisa esibhakabhakeni. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi imihlambi yamaSiberia aseSiberia iyimiphefumulo yamasosha awile. Sikhuluma ngama-cranes amhlophe.
Ososayensi bababiza ngamaSiberia Cranes. Kuliqiniso, kuze kufike eminyakeni emithathu ubudala izinyoni zibomvu. Ama-cranes amhlophe, njengama-swans, ayavuthwa ngokocansi. Izinyoni zomzila ophakathi ebusika fuduka. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezulu esifudumele ayikho enye indawo yamaSanes Siberia eRussia. Le nyoni yaziwa njengendabuko ezweni, ayihlali ngaphandle kwemingcele yayo.
Kuboniswe i-crane emhlophe iSiberia Crane
UNyazi
Lesi sihlobo sikaklebe, sinegama laso ngendlela yezwi. Inyoni isakaza ngokudabukisayo, njengekati lekati. Kwanele ukukhumbula isenzo esithi "bubula" ukuqonda ubunjalo balowo onezimpaphe. Ubude bayo cishe ngamasentimitha angama-60. Amaphiko amaphiko ama-buzzards angaphezulu kancane kwemitha eli-1, kanti isisindo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-13.
Isici sama-buzzards ngumbala ngamunye wezinyoni. Abanye banemihlane emhlophe, abanye banesifuba, abanye banezimpaphe eziningi ezimnyama, kanti okwesine kunsundu ngokuphelele. Kukhona nama-buzzard ampunga. Umbala wezidladla kuphela ofanayo. Ihlala iphuzi ngombala ophuzi.
Ama-buzzard ahlala emaweni asemaqeleni, abelana insimu ngezinkozi. Lesi sakamuva, ngasendleleni, sikhonkotha njengezinja ezihhahhamezile. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, ama-steppes agcwala imisindo ekude kakhulu nomculo.
Esithombeni kunenyoni yenyoni
Ekugcineni, sizokhuluma ngezinyoni ezijwayelekile, ezikhona yonke indawo eRussia emaphakathi. Lapha, njengakwezinye izindawo zezwe, kutholakala amadada, ondlunkulu, amagwababa, amaphareji nezinkonjane.
Igama lowokugcina, ngasendleleni, lihlotshaniswa negama elithi "ukuthopha". Kepha, uma ungena ujule, ngolimi lwesiLithuania kunomqondo we-lakstiti, okusho ukuthi "ukundiza". Ngakho-ke, izinkonjane ziyiziflaya. Ukutetema kusho ukuphephetha eduze komuntu okwenyoni.
