Incazelo nezici
Ama-Cranes awumndeni wonke, oyingxenye ye-oda lama-cranes. Lesi sakamuva sihlanganisa inani elikhulu labamele izilwane ezinezimpaphe, ezihlukile ngesakhiwo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nokubukeka, ezinemvelaphi yakudala kakhulu, ezinye zazo esezashabalala namuhla.
I-Crane – inyoni endengentamo nemilenze emide. Ngaphandle, izidalwa ezinjalo ziyafana nonogolantethe nezindwandwe ebudlelwaneni nazo, yize kukude kakhulu. Kepha ngokungafani nokwangaphambili, ama-cranes awavami ukwakha izidleke ezihlahleni, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, anomusa ngokwengeziwe.
Futhi kusukela ohlotsheni lwesibili lwezinyoni, zingahlukaniswa ngendlela yokundiza. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuhamba emoyeni, banomkhuba wokwelula intamo nemilenze, okuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, yinde kakhulu kunaleyo yezindwandwe. Inhloko yezinyoni ezinjalo incane kakhulu, uqhwaku luqondile futhi lubukhali, kodwa lincane kakhulu ngokulingana kunelenkankankane.
Lapho zisemhlabathini zinamaphiko agoqiwe, umsila wazo unikeza isithombe sokuthi siba buthakathaka futhi sibe side ngenxa yezimpaphe ezindizayo ezinde. Umbala walezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko uvame ukuba mhlophe noma mpunga.
Iningi lezinhlobo ze-crane zinesici esithandekayo. Zinezindawo ezinesikhumba esingenamaphiko ezinemibala egqamile emakhanda azo. Yonke eminye imininingwane yokubukeka kwangaphandle iyabonakala esithombeni se-crane.
Kukholakala ukuthi ikhaya lokhokho balolu hlobo lwezinyoni yiMelika, besuka lapho bafudukela e-Asia ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi basakazekela kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba. Yize namuhla lezi zinyoni zingatholakali engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi laseMelika, njengase-Antarctica. Kepha bagxila ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amanye amazwekazi eplanethi.
Ukukhala kwe-Crane entwasahlobo ivame ukuzwakala kude, ikhala kakhulu ezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izinyoni zivame ukushaya icilongo. Bazala okuthile okufana nokuningi: "Skoko-o-rum". Kwezinye izinkathi, izwi le-crane lizwakala lihluke ngokuphelele.
Kuyisiko ukubiza lokho kumemeza. Imvamisa amaphimbo amabili nawo abamba iqhaza kulokhu kubizwa.
Ngenxa yobuhle nomusa wabo, ama-cranes emasikweni abantu abahlukahlukene bomhlaba ashiye uphawu lokuphila futhi ashiwo ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni. Baba ngamaqhawe ezinganekwaneni nasezindabeni zemilingo zamaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika.
Izinganekwane ngabo zitholakala emsebenzini womlomo wabantu boMbuso Wasezulwini, eSaudi Arabia nasogwini lwase-Aegean.
Iqiniso lokuthi okhokho bethu basendle babesazijwayele kufakazelwa yimidwebo yamatshe nokunye okutholakele okuthokozisayo kwabavubukuli. Kepha manje inani lama-cranes ahlupheke kakhulu, futhi inani lalo lehla njalo. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezizokhulunywa futhi zimakwe njengezingajwayelekile ngezansi.
Izinhlobo zama-cranes
Njengengxenye yomndeni wama-cranes, owavela eMhlabeni ngesikhathi ama-dinosaurs ayesazulazula kuwo (ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-60 eyedlule), kunezigaba ezine, ezihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziyi-15.
Abayisikhombisa babo batholakala endaweni yaseRussia. Amalungu ohlobo ngalunye anezici zawo futhi athakazelisa ngendlela yawo. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo.
1. Indwebe yaseNdiya... Abamele lolu hlobo babhekwa njengabade kunazo zonke phakathi kwabanye. Ubude bazo bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-176. Amaphiko alezi zidalwa anobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-240. umlomo wabo uluhlaza okotshani, omude. Bahlala eNdiya, futhi batholakala nakwezinye izifunda eziseduze zase-Asia. Ngamanani amancane, izinyoni ezinjalo ziyabonakala e-Australia.
2. I-crane yase-Australia... Ngaphandle, iyafana ne-crane echazwe ngaphambili, kangangoba esikhathini esithile esidlule izazi ze-ornithologists zathi laba bameleli ababili bezilwane ezinamaphiko babangelwa yizinhlobo ezifanayo. Noma kunjalo, izimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo zisemnyama kancane.
Ubukhulu bezinhlobonhlobo zase-Australia buphansi nje kancane kumapharamitha kozakwabo baseNdiya. Ukukhula kwezinhlobo zalesi silwane cishe kungama-161 cm.
3. I-crane yaseJapane kwezihlobo kuthathwa njengokunzima kakhulu. Isisindo sabanye sifinyelela ku-11 kg. Abamele lolu hlobo bahlala hhayi eJapane kuphela, kodwa futhi batholakala naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ingxenye ebalulekile yezimpaphe zabo imhlophe.
Yintamo kuphela nangemuva kwamaphiko okungafani nawo (amnyama), kanye nampunga omnyama, okuyimilenze yezinyoni ezinjalo. Lolu hlobo lomndeni omelwe lincane kakhulu ngesibalo. Kuze kube manje, akusekho ngaphezu kwama-cranes ayizinkulungwane ezimbili asele, ngakho-ke uhlobo lusongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
4. Idemoiselle crane... Lezi zinhlobo ziphawuleka ngokuthi abamele bayo bancane kunabo bonke emndenini wama-cranes. Banesisindo esingaba ngu-2 kg noma ngaphezulu, futhi ubude babo ngokuvamile abudluli amasentimitha angama-89. Igama lale nyoni alidukisi, lihle impela.
Isizinda esiyinhloko sophaphe lwalezi zidalwa singwevu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingxenye yezimpaphe zamaphiko yi-grey-ash. Imilenze imnyama, ehambisana kahle nezimpaphe zekhanda, ezifana nentamo, ezinombala omnyama. Amehlo abo noqhwaku oluphuzi nolumfushane kugqame njengobuhlalu obubomvu ngombala osawolintshi ekhanda labo.
Izimpaphe ezinde ezimhlophe zezimpaphe zilenga emakhanda azo ziye entanyeni yazo njengecrescent zinikeza lezi zinyoni ukubukeka kokudlala ngothando. Abamele lolu hlobo bande kakhulu futhi batholakala ezifundeni eziningi zase-Eurasia, kanye nasendaweni yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Imisindo eyenziwe yilezi zidalwa ezinhle iyi-kurlyk ekhalayo, enezingoma eziphakeme.
5. I-White Crane (ISiberia Crane) - ivame kakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zezwe lethu. Kepha naseRussia, lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezincane kakhulu ngenani. Le nyoni inkulu impela, inamaphiko amaphiko amamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zingafinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kuka-8 kg.
Izinyoni zinomlomo omude obomvu futhi zicishe zifane umthunzi wemilenze. Ingxenye eyinhloko yezimpaphe, njengoba negama lisho, imhlophe, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ezithile zephiko.
6. I-crane yaseMelika - kude nommeleli omncane womndeni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala kuphela eCanada, nasendaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu, ngoba, ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lincane kakhulu. Ingxenye eyinhloko yezimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo imhlophe njengeqhwa, ngaphandle kokungezwa okuthile okumnyama.
7. Indwe emnyama... Futhi ukuhlukahluka okuncane kakhulu, okuphawulwe kwiRed Book. I-crane enjalo ihlala eMpumalanga Russia naseChina. Kuze kube muva nje, lezi zinhlobo bezingatadiswanga kangako. Abamele bayo bancane ngosayizi futhi banesisindo esingaphezudlwana kuka-3 kg ngokwesilinganiso. Izimpaphe zalezi zidalwa zimnyama kakhulu, ngaphandle kwentamo nengxenye yekhanda, ezimhlophe.
8. I-belladonna yase-Afrika - isakhamuzi saseNingizimu Afrika. Le nyoni incane futhi inesisindo esingaba ngu-5 kg. Umbala ompunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyisizinda esiyinhloko sepeni lezidalwa ezinjalo. Izimpaphe ezinde kuphela ekugcineni kwephiko ziba mpunga noma zibe mnyama. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zibizwa ngokuthi ama-cranes epharadesi.
9. Crane umqhele - futhi ungumhlali wase-Afrika, kepha kusatshalaliswa kuphela ezindaweni ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga yezwekazi. Lesi sidalwa, uma siqhathaniswa nezihlobo zaso, sinosayizi omaphakathi, futhi sinokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Izimpaphe zayo ikakhulukazi zimnyama ngokufakwa okukhanyayo nokubomvu. I-crane ibizwa ngomqhele ngenxa yesikhumba esikhulu segolide esihlobisa ikhanda laso.
10. I-Grane crane... Lo mmeleli omkhulu womndeni uhlala ebukhulu be-Eurasia. Ingxenye eyinhloko yezimpaphe zayo ine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umsila nomhlane ongaphezulu kumnyama ngandlela thile, futhi izimpiko ezimnyama zamaphiko zigqamile ngombala. Lezi zinhlobo zisendaweni yesibili ngokwenombolo nokusatshalaliswa ngemuva kwe-crane yaseCanada.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-cranes zihambisa izinyoni noma zihlala eduze kwanoma yimiphi imizimba yamanzi, enamanzi ahlanzekile nasawoti. Izinhlobo eziningi zikhetha isici sikasawoti kunaleso esisha ebusika, zihambela olwandle nasemachibini ngamanzi anosawoti angaqandisi kuphela ngezikhathi ezibandayo.
Kepha i-belladonna (lokhu kusebenza nasezinhlotsheni zase-Afrika) eguqulwe ngokuthula ukuze ibekhona kude nazo zonke izinhlobo zamanzi, ichitha izinsuku zokuphila kwayo emadwaleni nasezindaweni ezomile zomhlaba.
Ngokuvamile, abamele umndeni ochazwe basakazeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zezulu zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhulunywa ngezitha zemvelo zama-cranes, indawo yazo kufanele inakwe.
Isibonelo, ezifundeni ezipholile ama-raccoon, izimpungushe, amabhere awaphikisi ukudla amaqanda awo. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ama-cranes ayisibiliboco sezimpisi. Yebo, futhi abantu abadala basongelwa ikakhulukazi yizilwane ezinamaphiko, isibonelo, izinkozi zegolide.
Ebusika, bavame ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezifudumele futhi ama-cranes andizela eningizimu izifunda ezisenyakatho zeplanethi. Futhi izinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni ezinobungani besimo sezulu ngokuvamile azithathi lolu hambo olude kangaka, zikhetha ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunokuphazamiseka kokuhamba okunjalo.
Ukukhula okuncane ebusika babo bokuqala (okuyinto ejwayelekile, yi-cranes efudukayo kuphela) kuya ezifundeni eziseningizimu kanye nabazali babo, abazama ukuxhasa nokuvikela inzalo engenalwazi. Kodwa-ke, indiza yasentwasahlobo eya ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke yenziwa yisizukulwane esikhulile ngokwazo (njengomthetho, baqala uhambo ngaphesheya kwesizukulwane esidala).
Imizila emide ayimboziwe kuhambo olulodwa. Futhi ngezikhathi zokuhamba, izinyoni ezinjalo zenza eyodwa noma ngisho eziningana, ezikhiqizwe ezindaweni ezijwayelekile, ezikhethwe ngaphambili, amakamu. Futhi isikhathi sabo sokuphumula sicishe sibe amasonto amabili.
Ama-Cranes ayandiza imvamisa kahle, ikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ifike ebangeni elilodwa nekhilomitha nengxenye, ngenkathi ihamba emoyeni, ibamba imisinga yayo efudumele ekhuphukayo. Uma ukuqondiswa ngumoya kungathandeki kubo, bakha i-arc noma i-wedge.
Le ndlela yokwakheka inciphisa ukumelana nomoya futhi isiza lezi zihambi ezinamaphiko ukonga amabutho azo.
Lapho zifika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala kuphela ezindaweni zazo (leyo ndawo ivame ukuhlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele amaningana) futhi ivikele ngokuqinile ekungeneleleni kwezimbangi. Isikhathi sokuvuka kwezinyoni ezinjalo usuku. Ekuseni ziyadla, kanye nantambama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yansuku zonke yalezi zidalwa ezihlanzekile, njengomthetho, ifaka ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kwezimpaphe zazo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-Crane – inyoni empeleni omnivorous. Ukudla kwalabo abamele umbuso wezinyoni kuncike kakhulu ezinhlotsheni, ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yokuhlala kwezinyoni ezinjalo, kanye nesikhathi sonyaka. Noma kunjalo, ibanzi kakhulu.
Ukusuka kokudla kwemifino basebenzisa amazambane, ummbila, uphizi, ibhali, bathanda kakhulu amahlumela kakolweni, futhi badla ukolweni uqobo. Zihlala emaxhaphozini, zibheka amahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zomxhaphozi nezasemanzini, kanye namajikijolo.
Izinyoni ezihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi ziyajabula ukufaka ama-mollusk, iminenke, inhlanzi nezinambuzane ezincane ekudleni kwazo.
Ehlobo, izibungu nezinambuzane ezindala ziyisibiliboco esihle kakhulu sezinhlanya. Izibankwa namaqanda ezinyoni kufanelekile ukuzondla. Amachwane avela emndenini we-crane, adinga kakhulu amaprotheni wokukhula okujwayelekile, adla kakhulu ezinambuzaneni.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo k cranes
Ama-cranes afudukayo, abuyela ezindaweni zawo zesikhathi esizayo zokwakha izidleke, enza umdanso okhethekile ohambisana nezingoma zezinyoni. Lezi zidalwa ezinomusa zihamba ngokuhambahamba, zishaya amaphiko azo bese ziyagxuma.
Imidanso enjalo ngosuku olwandulela isikhathi sokumatanisa ihlaba umxhwele kangangokuba yamukelwa ngumuntu. Isibonelo, eJapane naseKarei bekukhona umdanso okhethekile wehlelo, abadlali bawo belingisa ukuhamba kwalezi zinyoni.
Kuma-cranes, kuyisiko ukugcina ukwethembeka kumlingani kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, ngakho-ke lezi zibili zalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko azihlukani ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo. Abamele bezinhlobo ezifudukayo bavame ukuzikhethela abalingani babo ngisho nasezindaweni zobusika.
Ama-cranes abahlali abahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esivumayo, njengokujwayelekile, bayazala ngesikhathi somswakama, ngoba abakutholi ukushoda kokudla ngalesi sikhathi, okubalulekile ekuzalweni nasekukhulisweni kwamachwane.
Ama-cranes afihla izidleke zawo ezinkulu (zinobubanzi obufinyelela kumamitha amaningana) otshanini obukhulu obumila emakhoneni acashile osebeni lwamachibi noma ezixhaphozini. Ukuzakhela, basebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezilula, amahlumela, izinti, ukuklama ingadi - utshani obomile.
Imvamisa, i-clutch yezinhlobo eziningi iqukethe amaqanda amabili, ezinye izinhlobo kuphela ezinokufika kweziyisihlanu. Amaqanda atholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Zingaba, isibonelo, ezimhlophe noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha imvamisa ingaphezulu leqanda limbozwe ngobuningi ngamabala amadala.
Ukuchamusela kuthatha cishe inyanga, bese kuthi ama-cranes, embozwe phansi, achamisele. Kodwa amaphuphu ambozwe izimpaphe zangempela kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Isizukulwane esisha sikhula ngokushesha. Kepha abamele bayo bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kungakadluli iminyaka emine kamuva (eSiberia Cranes hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyisithupha).
I-Crane phakathi kwesizwe esinezimpaphe, inesikhathi eside esithandekayo. Iminyaka yezinyoni ezinjalo ezimweni zemvelo ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-20 noma ngaphezulu, futhi izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo zigcinwe ekuthunjweni, kwezinye izimo, ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-80.
