Incazelo nezici
Kubantu, lesi sidalwa esincane asinabungozi ngokuphelele, futhi maqondana naso sibonisa ukukhohliseka nokuthula kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ungambeka kalula esandleni sakho umtshele ngamathemba nezifiso zakho.
Futhi okhokho bethu bakholelwa ukuthi, ngemuva kokubalalela, indizela ngqo eZulwini, lapho itshela khona abaxhasi bohlanga lwesintu ngakho konke, ihambisa zonke izicelo zabantu nemiyalezo.
Kubonakala sengathi umbala obonwe ngalesi sinambuzane kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukhumbuza izakhamuzi zaseRussia ngezilwane ezifuywayo ezimangalisayo, ubisi lwazo lwalunomsoco futhi lumnandi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi kungalesi sizathu ukuthi isidalwa esinjalo saqanjwa igama - isinambuzane... Ngendlela, futhi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi, yize kukude nokuba nempilo futhi imhlophe njengeqhwa. Kepha ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umndeni walaba bameleli abancane bezilwane ubizwa ngegama elifanayo nabo futhi ubalwa yizazi zezinto eziphilayo njenge-coleoptera. Ubukhulu bamalungu ayo buhluka kusuka ku-4 mm, kufinyelela usayizi wesentimitha.
Isimo somzimba sezidalwa ezinjalo uma sibukwa ngaphezulu siyi-oval, kepha side ngaphandle kancane, esichazwa yimigqa ebushelelezi, cishe siyindilinga. Kusuka ezinhlangothini kuyisilayidi, kusuka ngezansi kuyisicaba, emilenzeni eyisithupha emincane, equkethe izingxenye. Umzimba wezinhlobo ezithile umbozwe izinwele ezingabonakali.
Ama-ladybugs anekhanda elifushane kakhulu. Inamathela ngokunganyakazi kwenye indawo - i-prothorax. Ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: i-elytra enamaphiko agoqwe ngaphansi kwayo; ezinye ezimbili yizisu eziyizingxenye eziyisithupha kanye ne-tarsi.
Amehlo alezi zidalwa makhulu ngokwanele. Futhi izimpondo, njengezinye izingxenye eziningi zomzimba walezi zinambuzane, ezakhiwe kusuka ezigabeni eziningi, zihlukaniswa nokuguquguquka okukhulu.
Ibhungane laseLadybug noma isinambuzane? Ingacatshangelwa ngokufanelekile kulabo nakwabanye. Futhi lokhu kungokwemvelo, ngoba amabhungane (i-coleoptera) yi-oda eliningi kunawo wonke ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zezilwane, ezihlukaniswa njengezinambuzane.
Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu zasemhlabeni, laba bameleli bezilwane bahlala yonke indawo, okungukuthi, amalungu alo mndeni angatholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yomhlaba wethu omkhulu.
Izinhlobo
Emndenini wama-ladybird wesizukulwane esisodwa kuphela, kukhona cishe ama-360. Kodwa izinhlobo ekubunjweni kwazo, njengoba ungaqagela, ziningi kakhulu, okungaphezu kuka-4000. Onke amalungu azo emvelweni ahlukaniswe ngemibala egqamile. Futhi lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi, ngoba ingubo enjalo yanikezwa isinambuzane ngokwemvelo ukuze isabise labo abangabafisa.
Kunemibala eminingi ehlukene yama-ladybugs
Kuliqiniso, ngokuya ngohlobo, kungahluka kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezingavamile zalezi zidalwa zigcwele izithunzi ezinsundu nezimnyama okwesibhakabhaka ngokungezwa kwamaphethini amhlophe, abomvu, aphuzi, amnyama. Kepha okujwayeleke kakhulu kithi kusaphuzi okujulile, futhi kaningi ngisho nezinambuzane ezibomvu ngokugqamile ezinamabala amnyama, ingxenye emnyama ngaphambili nemilenze.
Isici esihlukile sengubo yezinhlobo eziningi zama-ladybugs amachashazi (amabala). Kungaba yizicucu kusuka kwezimbili kuya kweziyishumi nesikhombisa, kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphezulu. Umndeni we-ladybug uqobo uhlukaniswe imikhaya eyi-7. Futhi okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinezengezo ezithile kuzokhulunywa ngezansi.
- I-ladybug enamabala ayisikhombisa - izinhlobonhlobo ezisakazeke kakhulu endaweni yaseYurophu. Usayizi wabamele bayo imvamisa abukho ngaphezu kwe-8 mm. Ingubo yakhe ebomvu, njengoba igama liphakamisa, imakwe ngamabala ayisikhombisa amnyama.
I-elytra yayo ihlotshiswe ngezimpawu ezintathu ezinkulu ezimnyama kuthi enye enye ime phambili ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezansi kwalezi zidalwa kunezindawo ezimbili ezincane, ezilinganayo, amachashazi amhlophe.
I-ladybug eyisikhombisa
- I-ladybug enamaphuzu amabili... Ubude balesi sidalwa esincanyana bumane nje buyisentimitha. Izinambuzane ezinjalo azihlali ezwenikazi laseYurophu kuphela, kodwa naseNyakatho Melika.
ELatvia, la malungu ombuso wezilwane amenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni njengezinambuzane zezwe cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Imibala yazo yakhiwe ngemibala emnyama ebomvu nemnyama.
- I-ladybug yase-Asia... Kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa lolu hlobo lube yizinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi, okulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo ngaphandle ngombala. Enye yazo imnyama enezimpawu ezibomvu okusawolintshi ku-elytra nephuzi elikhanyayo ngaphambili.
Kunezindawo ezingama-19 sezizonke. Enye inesizinda esiyisisekelo esiphuzi, esihlotshiswe ngamachashazi amancane namakhulu amnyama.
- Inkomo eguqukayo... Umbala waleli lungu elincane lomndeni uqukethe izindawo eziphuzi ngokubomvu nezimnyama. Izindawo eziyisithupha ezimnyama ezihlobisa i-elytra ziyahlukahluka.
Ezinye zazo zingahlangana noma zingabikho nhlobo. Izinkomo ezinjalo zihlala eYurophu, futhi isikhathi esithile manje zilethwe eMelika.
- I-ladybug engenamqondo kuyisiqinisekiso esicacile sokuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezichazwe ezinamabala. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhlukahluka akuvamile. Ingubo yakhe ingaba nsundu noma ibomvu. I-villi ezacile futhi enhle imboza umzimba wezinkomo ezinjalo.
- I-ladybug eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka... Lezi zinhlobo zinomthunzi ongajwayelekile we-elytra. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane, ubude bomzimba wazo ngokuvamile obungadluli ku-4 mm, zitholakala ezwenikazi lase-Australia.
I-ladybug eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayivamile kakhulu
Esithombeni i-ladybug ekhanyayo
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Vele, izidalwa ezinjalo zingandiza, lokhu kushiwo nasemigqeni yokubala yezingane. Futhi zinamaphiko amabili wamaphiko. Kuliqiniso, kuphela okwangemuva kuphela okushintshelwa ukunyakaza komoya, kanti okwangaphakathi ngenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuphenduke i-elytra evikelayo eqinile.
Imvelo ikuvikele ngokwethembeka lokhu ekungeneleleni kwabantu abangabafuni isinambuzane. isinambuzane igqame kangangoba ingethusa izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kepha akuwona umbala obonakalayo kuphela odlala indima lapha.
Uketshezi olukhethekile lwemvelo olukhishwa yizinambuzane ezinjalo ngokulindela ingozi luba yisivikelo esihle kulabo abangahlasela. Kuyisiko ukuyibiza ngobisi lwenkomo.
Uma kunengozi, i-ladybug ikhipha uketshezi oluthile
Inephunga elingathandeki, inobuthi, ine-tint ephuzi, futhi iqukethe i-cantharidin. Ubisi olunjalo lusabisa zonke izidalwa ezicashile, ngisho nama-tarantula asabekayo. Futhi cishe akekho emvelweni onesibindi sokuthinta i-ladybug engenabungozi.
Kodwa-ke, kusekhona isinambuzane esiyisidleke lapho izidalwa ezinjalo zingenakho ukuvikelwa kuzo. Lawa ama-dinocampus. Kancane kancane babulala izinkomo neziphungumangathi zabo, bebeka amaqanda abo lapho, okuwaqeda ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane ixhomeke ohlotsheni lwazo. Abanye babo bazivumelanise ngokuphelele nokuhlala emadlelweni aseduze nemifula nemifudlana; ezinye zingaba khona ezihlahleni kuphela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwayo ezihlala kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezimila, isibonelo, izitshalo zasemanzini, umhlanga, amadolo, utshani bensimu; abanye babheka izindawo lapho kutholakala khona ama-aphid, ngoba bayazondla.
Kodwa-ke, ama-ladybugs wanoma yiluphi uhlobo awawona omphakathi futhi akhetha, ingxenye enkulu, impilo ehlukile ezihlotsheni zabo. Kepha ngezikhathi ezithile, beqa lo mthetho. Isibonelo, ngenkathi yokuzalanisa noma lapho behlangana ndawonye ngezindiza zasebusika endaweni yeplanethi lapho kungabandi khona.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ladybugs zichitha isikhathi esibandayo ngendlela yazo. Labo abaye bazivumelanisa nempilo ezindaweni ezipholile futhi abahlala phansi ngokuvamile bakhetha izindawo zokukhosela ezinethezekile emimoyeni nasemakhazeni: amasimu, amagalaji, amashedi, izindlu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, befuna isiphephelo, bahlangana babe ngamaqembu, ngisho nemiphakathi emikhulu, inani labantu elinganiselwa kumashumi ezigidi. Ebusika, zingacasha ngezinqwaba zamahlamvu, amagxolo nodoti onamadwala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zidalwa, ezinokuthula kubantu, ziyingozi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo ezinobukhulu bazo nohlobo lwazo futhi ziyizilwane ezidlayo. Kepha noma bengadla inyama, baletha inzuzo enkulu kumuntu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, labo abadlayo baziwa njengezinambuzane eziyingozi nezinambuzane.
Zidlani izimbungulu? Bacekela phansi izindimbane zama-aphid (umuntu omdala angadla cishe ikhulu lazo ngosuku), adle ezinye izinambuzane, amaqanda, kanye nezibungu, iziphungumangathi ngisho nezimvemvane.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusindiswe umhlaba wezolimo, ama-ladybirds afuywa ngamabomu futhi alahlwe ezindizeni eziningi. Uma bengenakho ukudla okwanele, bayakujabulela ukuziphonsa emaqandeni wesilokazane esaziwayo sokutshala amazambane - ibhungane lamazambane laseColorado.
Kepha kunezinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane ekudleni kwazo kufakwe kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo: izimbali, amaqabunga, impova, kwezinye izimo - izithelo zezitshalo, amakhowe. Ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ziba yinkinga enkulu, zidale umonakalo emasimini nasezitshalweni ezikhula kuzo.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezinjalo zivame kakhulu eningizimu ye-Asia. ERussia, akhona (ngokwesibonelo, i-alfalfa nama-ladybugs angenabala), kepha awavamile.
Abanye bathi lesi sinambuzane sibangelwa yisilokazane, kuphela ngoba sididekile nezinye. Isibonelo, kukhona isinambuzane, isinambuzane... Lokhu kuyi-epilahna. Udla iziqongo zamazambane, alimaze utamatisi, amathanga, ummbila, ukhukhamba.
Kukhona izinambuzane ezifana ne-ladybug, i-epilyakhny
Ibizwa nangokuthi intokazi yamazambane. Ihluke ezinambuzaneni ezichazwe ngobumpofu bemibala yengubo, ubuningi bamabala (ziningi njengokungu-28 zazo), futhi lapho uhlolisiswa, ungabona izinwele ezimhlophe ezimhlophe emzimbeni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokushesha nje lapho lezi zinambuzane zikwazi ukusuka kude nokusonteka ebusika, ukundiza noma ukulala ubusika, umuzwa uqala ukubashukumisela ukuba bazale uhlobo lwabo. Futhi beqa le nqubo ndawo ndawo phakathi nentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo ezenziwe (imvamisa abantu abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu noma izinyanga eziyisithupha) balungiselela ukukhwelana. Abesilisa, belalela uhlelo lwemvelo, bazitholele abalingani ngephunga labo elihlukile. Kuvela ezimfihlo ezithile zabesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane banamathisela okwabo, kuncishiswe emaphethelweni futhi okusaqanda, amaqanda emaqabungeni ezitshalo ngemuva. Izinkomo zikhetha ngamabomu lezo zindawo lapho kuhlelwa khona ukutholakala kokudla okwanele kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo, imvamisa kakhulu enkabeni yamakholoni ezinambuzane ezilungele ukudla, isibonelo, izintwala.
Amaqanda ezinkomo amhlophe, o-orenji noma ophuzi ngombala, futhi isibalo sawo singafinyelela izingcezu ezingamakhulu amane ku-clutch eyodwa.
Kungaba namaqanda angamakhulu ambalwa ku-clutch ye-ladybug
Ngokudabukisayo, esewenzile umsebenzi wakhe, owesifazane uyafa. Kepha impilo iyaqhubeka, ngoba kungekudala (kungakapheli amasonto amabili kamuva) izibungu ezimise okwehlaka noma ezisaqanda eziqanduselwa emaqandeni.
Umbala wazo uhlukile futhi wuhlobo lokwakheka kwezindawo ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, kepha eziwolintshi kakhulu neziphuzi. Futhi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkomo, izibungu zimbozwe izinwele ezinhle noma ama-bristles.
Ekuqaleni, impilo yonke, zanele ngokwanele zalezo zakhi zomzimba eziqukethe igobolondo leqanda lazo. Kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, i-ladybug yesikhathi esizayo iqala ukuqeda izinambuzane. Isibungu esisodwa singagwinya ama-aphid angamashumi amahlanu ngosuku.
Isibungu se-ladybug naso sidla ama-aphid
Futhi iqembu labo lisebenzelana ngokushesha nawo wonke amakoloni. Kudlula inyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokugcwala nokukhula, bese kuqala esinye isigaba - i-pupation.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho zonke izingxenye zomzimba wenkomo endala zakhiwa. Uphuma kuphungunyane cishe esontweni noma ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Isikhathi sempilo ye-ladybug sifushane kakhulu. Kungaba izinyanga eziyishumi kuphela, kepha uma umuntu engakutholi ukudla, kokunye kunwetshwa kube yiminyaka emibili.
