Inqe kaRuppel griffon indiza emngceleni wamamitha ayi-11,300. Le nyoni endiza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intamo kaRuppel enegama lesazi sezilwane saseJalimane ayifuduki. Lowo onezimpaphe uyaphila, yize esenyakatho yezwekazi, kodwa e-Afrika. Asikho isidingo 'sokubaleka' emakhazeni.
Kuvela kubo ukuthi zonke izinyoni ezifudukayo zifihla. Abanye babo bayasaba isithwathwa uqobo. Abanye abakwazi ukondla lapho kungekho zinambuzane. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezifudukayo, ngasendleleni, kukhona namaphiko ekuphakameni kwezindiza. Eminye imihlambi isuke isemhlabathini futhi ayibonwa.
I-Grane crane
Isikhathi esiningi izinyoni ezifudukayo gcina endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-cranes afika ngenkathi ephumule. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezindizayo, izinyoni ezimpunga zingokwesibili ngobukhulu, ngobuningi.
Indawo yokuqala yabiwa yi-swan, condor, albatross. Ubuthathu ngamunye buzuza isisindo cishe ngama-15 kilos. Isisindo se-crane empunga sisondela kumakhilogremu ayi-13.
AmaHimalaya ame endleleni yokubaleka kwama-cranes ampunga. Azikwazi ukweqa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500. Lapha ama-cranes aphakama amakhilomitha ayi-10.5. I-crane empunga ibhalwe ku-International Red Book.
Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu "badilizwa phansi" ngumsebenzi omkhulu wezomnotho wabantu. Izinyoni zibulawa yi-pesticides, kanye nokungazitholi izindawo zokwakha izidleke, ngoba amaxhaphozi, athandwa ngama-cranes, akhanywa.
Ihansi lentaba
Kuthola cishe amakhilomitha ayi-9 ukuphakama. Ngakho-ke enezimpiko iwela iNtaba i-Everest. Umoya ongenhla kwakhe mncane. Ngakho-ke, ihansi lentaba linamaphaphu amaningi. Zikhulu ngokuphindwe ka-2 kunezinye zamahansi. Ngaphandle, ihansi lentaba lihlukile ezihlotsheni zalo ngemigqa emibili emnyama egijima isuka emehlweni kuye emuva kwekhanda.
Ikhanda ngokwalo limhlophe. Kunezimpaphe ezinsundu entanyeni nasesibeleni. Umzimba wale nyoni ikakhulu ungwevu. Mountain goose emhlabeni cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zinikezwe isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo.
I-Whooper swan
Phakathi kwama-swans, iningi kakhulu futhi ingenye enkulu kunazo zonke. Le nyoni inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-13. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-swan inyukela esibhakabhakeni iye kumamitha ayi-8300. I-Whooper swan imhlophe njengeqhwa. Okumhlophe ngokuphelele kubuye kube yi-tundra swan, kepha incane. Kukhona nezinyoni ezimnyama ngokuphelele, ezinentamo emnyama,
Akuwona wonke ama-whoopers andizela eningizimu ebusika. Izinyoni zihlala uma kunokudla okwanele nemfudumalo. Ngokunjalo, impilo yokuhlala phansi ivame ukuholwa ama-swans ahlala eduze kwesiteshi samandla esishisayo. Kunemizimba yamanzi ehlala ifudumele unyaka wonke.
UMallard
Leli dada likhetha ukuchitha ubusika eSpain. Amanye ama-mallard, njengama-pinch swans, ahlala phansi uma izimo zivuma. Emadolobheni asemifuleni evinjelwe izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, kudliwa amadada, futhi emanzini afudumele kunezinhlanzi ezanele, ama-crustaceans, ulwelwe.
Endizeni, i-mallard inyuka ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-6.5. Intamo eguquguqukayo iyasiza lapho indiza. Inama-vertebrae angama-25. Indlulamithi inezikhathi eziphindwe kabili ku-2.
Uthi lokuphotha
Ngesikhathi sezindiza, ukuphakama kwamakhilomitha ayi-6.1 kunqotshiwe kuye. Uthi lokuphotha luhamba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11 ngaphandle kokwehla. Nansi indlela enqamula iPacific Ocean. I-shrew inesisindo esingama-gramu angama-300. Ngobunzima obuphansi nokushisa okuvamile ngenkathi ushayela, inyoni akufanele ihambe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11 ngaphandle kokufika.
Lokhu ngukufa okuqinisekile. Uthi lokuphotha luzoludlula, lukhulule amathumbu ngaphambi kokundiza. Phakathi nawo, izitho wokugaya ukudla atrophy. Inzuzo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezomnotho. Ihora lokundiza, le nyoni ilahlekelwa kuphela u-0.40% wesisindo sayo somzimba. Izinyoni eziningi ezincane zishiya u-1.5-2%.
I-aerodynamics yomzimba ineqhaza endizeni ende yokuphotha. Lapho ososayensi bephenya ubude bezinyoni, izidlulisi zazifakwa ngazimbili zezinsikazi, kanti ezeduna zazinamathiselwe emizimbeni yazo. Abesilisa bafe ngesikhathi sendiza. Ama-transmitters anciphise i-aerodynamics ye-spindle endizeni.
Unogolantethe omhlophe
Izindlela zezinyoni ezifudukayo welula phakathi kweYurophu, i-Asia ne-Afrika. Ekugcineni, izinyoni ziyalala. Endizeni, unogolantethe ukhuphuka ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,9. Izinyoni zihamba ziyimihlambi. Ngamunye uqukethe cishe abantu abayinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kogolantethe abamhlophe, kunezinye izinhlobo eziyisithupha. Akubona bonke abafudukayo. Isibonelo, i-marabou stork, ihlala phansi.
Ingoma yezinyoni
Akuhlukile ekuphakameni kwendiza, kepha iba nesivinini esiqinile - kufika kumamitha angama-24 ngomzuzwana. Inyoni yengoma ingeyomuntu odlulayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho incane. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni abweqi kumasentimitha angama-28. Isisindo cishe siyi-50 gram.
Ngaphandle, i-thrush yengoma ihlukaniswa yimpaphe empunga, umphetho oyindilinga wamaphiko, umphathi ongunxande, imilenze emifushane noqhwaku. Amehlo anezimpaphe nawo abekwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ngakho-ke, ekufuneni ukudla, i-thrush ayihambiseli phambili kepha eceleni.
URobin
Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziyandiza ebangeni lekhilomitha ngokuzihlukanisa okuhle kakhulu. URobins akazulazuli njengemihlambi. Kodwa-ke, phansi, izinyoni nazo zigcina ngamunye ngamunye. Irobhothi lincane kunondlunkulu, elezinyoni ezimnyama. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngamehlo amnyama noqhwaku olumnyama. Izimpaphe ze-Olive grey. Ingxenye yesifuba nengaphambili ibomvu ngokubomvu.
URobins utholakala emadolobheni ngoba abesabi abantu. Nokho, izinyoni azithanjiswanga kahle. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengiswa amarobhothi acula kamnandi, ngokufana nama-nightingales, awatholakali.
I-Oriole
Indiza ebangeni eliphakeme cishe lekhilomitha. Ehoreni, i-Oriole inqobe amakhilomitha angama-40-45. Ngaphezu kwejubane, indiza ihlukaniswa nemvelo yokunyakaza kokuhamba. Usayizi we-oriole mkhulu kancane kunenkanyezi. Nokho, le nyoni ibonakala kude, ngoba inemibala egqamile.
Kunezinhlobo eziphelele futhi ezingaphuzi ngokuphelele ze-ivolog. Umbala ugolide, ugcwele.Izinyoni ezifudukayo ekwindla ukusuka eYurophu uye e-Afrika. Lapho, izinyoni ziyama echosheni eliseningizimu yeSahara.
Ihhashi lasehlathini
Le nyoni engu-15 cm ayitholakali ezigxenyeni kuphela. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ama-skate ahlala phansi. Abanye abantu abafudukayo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 zama-ice skate emvelweni.
Umehluko phakathi kwabo ubuthakathaka. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nabaqaphi bezinyoni badidekile ngencazelo yenyoni. Umehluko phakathi kweziketi nawo ufiphele. Ngokusobala, uhlobo ngalunye lunendlela ekhethekile yokucula. Iziketi zinqunywa yiyo. Kuphela abavamisile ukucula ngokucela.
ULark
Iqembu lezinyoni ezifudukayo igcina endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1900. Indiza iyashesha. Isiza ukwakheka komzimba. I-lark inomsila omfushane, futhi izimpiko zenyoni engu-70 gram zinkulu, ziyashanela. Izimpaphe zikakhonkolo zilingisa umbala wenhlabathi. Ezindaweni ze-chernozem, izinyoni zimnyama, futhi ezindaweni zobumba, zibomvu ngokubomvu.
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uzifihle ngenkathi usesha ukudla phansi. AmaLark aphakathi kwabokuqala ababuya emazweni afudumele, bememezela ukufika kwentwasahlobo. Ebusika obufudumele, izinyoni zifika ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Ukuqothula
Indiza iphansi, kepha ihlukaniswa nokuhamba kwayo ngokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, abazingeli abavamile ukudubula iziqubu. Izinyoni ziyaphambuka ekudutshulweni. AmaLapwings angaphezulu kwezinhlobo ezingama-20. Bangabomndeni we-plover. Phakathi kwezihlobo, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi yizona ezinkulu kakhulu.
ERussia, ngokwesibonelo, izidleke zamapayipi ze-pygmy ezingaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Le nyoni inesisindo esingu-250-330 amagremu. Iningi leziphambeko linezihlokwana emakhanda alo. Okuhlukile ukubukeka kwesosha. Abamele bayo futhi ngobukhulu, abanesisindo esingu-450 amagremu.
Ukugwinya
Inkonjane enye impendulo yombuzo yiziphi izinyoni ezifudukayo... Imihlambi iya eningizimu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine. Kodwa-ke, izinkonjane azihlukile ngejubane; azimbozi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngehora. ISwallows yizinyoni zomugqa odlulayo. Igama lalowo onezimpaphe livela kwelesiSlavic elijwayelekile "lokugcina". Isenzo sisho izindiza emuva naphambili.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinkonjane. Izimpaphe ezimnyama ziphonsa onsomi. Ugwinye lobumba linsundu ngokumpunga ngesisu esimhlophe, isifuba, izingcezu entanyeni nasekhanda.
Izinyoni ezingama-Rustic zihlukaniswa ngumhlane nezimpiko zazo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isisu sibomvana. Abamele bezinhlobo zasemadolobheni bayefana nabasemakhaya, kepha ngesifuba esimhlophe.
Isichazi samahlathi
Le yinyoni ye-oda lokudlula, inesisindo esingu-25 amagremu, ayigqame ngokubukeka. I-Accentor iphutha njenge-warbler, ipayipi lehlathi, i-warbler, i-lark kanye nondlunkulu ofanayo. Ngokuvamile ama-ornithologists kuphela angakhomba izinhlobo.
I-Accentor ingenqaba ukundiza uma ihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezipholile. Izinyoni zezinhlobo ziye zashintsha ukushintsha ukudla kwasehlobo kusuka ezinambuzaneni kuya kobusika kusuka ezinsaleleni zohlaza, amajikijolo namantongomane. Ukuntuleka kokudla kwezitshalo ebusika kubonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ukusuka lapho, i-Accentor igijimela eningizimu.
I-swift emnyama
Akagcini ngokufuduka nje kuphela, kepha futhi undiza kakhulu, angahlala phansi iminyaka eyi-4. Izimpiko ezingalingani emzimbeni zisiza. Isikhathi saso singamasentimitha angama-40. Ubude bomzimba we-swift emnyama abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-18.
Ukushintshwa kwamagremu angamashumi amahlanu kwehlukile hhayi kuphela kumaphiko, kepha nakwisikhathi sokuphila. Imvuthuluka ivame ukushiya eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu. Ezinyonini ezincane, lokhu cishe kungumkhawulo wokuphila isikhathi eside.
I-Wren
Ingenye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Okwesundu, i-wren incintisana nezinyoni zasendle, amakhosi. Ubude be-wren abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-12, bunesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-10. Ngaphandle, inyoni yidamu, liyindilinga, linentamo emfushane.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-wrens. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, izinyoni zihlala unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi akusona isimo sezulu esiphazamisa impilo. Yanyamalala ngale ndlela iNew Zealand. Ezindaweni ayehlala kuzo, ikakhulukazi, eStevens Island, zazingekho izidlo ezisemhlabeni.
Indlu yesibani yakhiwa kabusha. Kwaqokwa umnakekeli lapho. Le ndoda yafika nekati elinguTibbles. Ikati lilodwa liqothule inani labantu baseNew Zealand wren. Manje lo mbono ungabonakala kuphela ezithombeni nakumidwebo.
Ukuhlanganiswa komhlanga
Kubizwa nangokuthi umhlanga. Kulula ngezinyoni ezingamasentimitha ayishumi nesithupha ezinombala onsundu-motley ukucasha phakathi komhlanga. I-oatmeal yomhlanga isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-15. Izindiza ezinde ezinesisindo esinzima zinzima. Ngakho-ke, uma isimo sezulu sivuma, ukugembula kuhlala phansi.
Lapho ubusika buphoqa, izinyoni ziyazulazula, okungukuthi, zihamba endaweni efanayo, ezweni. Ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yokugudluzwa ifuduka ngomqondo wakudala, iya kwezinye izifundazwe, kwamanye amazwekazi.
UKlintukh
Leli ijuba lasendle. Unokhalo olumnyama. Kulokhu, i-clintuch ihlukile kunsundu, amajuba. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlala phansi. AmaKlintukhs ajwayelekile ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kude nabantu.
Ngesikhathi sendiza, ama-clintuchs ahlala emhlambini, imvamisa kodwa enamandla ashaya amaphiko awo, ahamba ngesivinini samakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora.
Qeda
Akubona bonke izinyoni ezifudukayo zithatha uhambo olude... Ingxenye yabantu be-finch ihlala phansi. Ikakhulu, izinyoni zihlala unyaka wonke emagqumeni eCaucasus. Uma izintaka zindizela ebusika, aziyi e-Afrika, kodwa ziya eYurophu. Lapho, izinyoni zikhangwa yisifunda saseMedithera.
I-finch yinyoni ye-finch, elingana ngondlunkulu ngosayizi. Umbala wekhanda nentamo yophaphe uluhlaza sasibhakabhaka. Ibunzi nomsila we-finch kumnyama. Isifuba, umphimbo nezihlathi kubomvu-burgundy. I-Finches molt ngaphambi kokundizela eningizimu. Imibala iyaphela. Izintaka zinombala onsundu ebusika.
Thayi
Kushiwo ama-plovers. Uhlobo lohlobo. Umndeni wabakhongi unethayi. Phakathi kwazo, enezimpaphe iveze umugqa omnyama entanyeni. Umaki ufana nothayi. Ibunzi, umphimbo, isifuba, ingaphansi nesisu sikathayi kumhlophe.
Zonke ezinye izimpaphe ziyabhema nsundu. Uqhwaku nezidladla zikathayi kuphuzi, kepha kuyaphela ngasemaphethelweni afudumele. Imibala yezimpaphe nayo iyashabalala. Izihlathi, ikakhulukazi, ziba nsundu kuthi emuva kube mnyama.
URyabinnik
Lona ummeleli omkhulu wezinyoni ezimnyama. Inyoni le inekhanda elimpunga nomsila ongaphezulu. Ingemuva lophaphe linsundu. Umsila we-fieldfare umnyama. Endizeni, amakhwapha amhlophe ayabonakala endle. Izinyoni ziyazibonisa, zihambela enyakatho ye-Afrika, e-Asia Minor ebusika.
I-Redstart
Inyoni engamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu ye-oda lokudlula inezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo oluthile lwendlu. ERussia, kunezingu-3: iSiberia, i-chernushka nensimu. Lezi zamuva zithanda izihlahla ezinamagobongo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqala kabusha kweSiberia kuthanda ukuhlala emahlathini e-coniferous. UNigella udonsela ngasezintabeni.
Le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi i-redstart ngoba inomsila obomvu osawolintshi. Isisu, isifuba nezinhlangothi zinemibala yokumfanisa, kanti umzimba ongaphezulu umpunga ngokukhazimula okunsundu nokumhlophe. Ekwindla, ama-redstarts athutheleka e-Afrika naseziQhingini zase-Arabia. Lapho, izinyoni zithola izinambuzane - indawo yazo yokudla.
UNightingale
Le nyoni inombala onsundu ngokulingana, ilingana nondlunkulu. Ukucula kweMelodic kunezela ubuhle. Awukwazi ukuyizwa ebusika - ama-nightingales andiza eningizimu. Ama-Nightingales afika ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga okuqala.
Izinyoni zakhe zihamba ne-trill imini nobusuku. Njengoba ilanga lishona, imisindo yehlathi iyaphela. Ngakho-ke, ukucula kwe-nightingale kuzwakala ngokucacile.
UWarbler
I-warbler incane kunondlunkulu. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni abweqi ngamasentimitha ayi-13. Iphiko lingamasentimitha ayi-17. Izimpaphe zale nyoni zinesihlabathi esinsundu, ezindaweni ezisakazwayo zomnqumo. I-warbler nayo ihlukaniswa ngomlomo omncane, wegilo. Kumnyama, njengezidladla ezinamaphiko.
I-Wryneck
Kushiwo abagawuli bezinkuni. Iningi lazo ligaya izimbobo ezihlahleni ukuze zakhiwe. I-turntable isebenzisa imigodi yama-congeners. Intamo inentamo ende futhi eguquguqukayo. Uhlala ephotha njalo.
Yingakho igama lenyoni. Uphendulela intamo yakhe, abheke izinambuzane futhi azivikele. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitha zidida uphaphe lwenyoka. Ukwenza kube okukholisa ngokwengeziwe, u-turntable wafunda ukuhaya.
Coot
Ama-Coots - izinyoni ezimnyama ezifudukayo... Bavela emndenini wabelusi, baphila impilo yezinyoni zasemanzini. Kukhona ukukhula kwesikhumba ngaphezu komlomo we-coot. Ayinazimpaphe. Kuvela ukuthi le nyoni inebunzi elinempandla. Kungakho igama lohlobo.
Ukukhula okuyisikhumba kwama coots amancane kubomvu. Ezinyonini ezindala, ukwakheka kuphenduka umhlophe. Ngasikhathi sinye, iris yamehlo ihlala ibomvu.
Ubude beqhwa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-40. Le nyoni inesisindo esingu-0.5 kilograms. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala izibonelo ze-kilogram eyodwa nohhafu. Iqhwa liya ezindaweni ezifudumele ngemuva kweqhwa lokuqala. Iqhwa emizimbeni yamanzi liba "yi-push" ukuze lindiza. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukudoba, udle ulwelwe.
UTern
Inomlomo ogqamile we-orange nemilenze. I-tern inesigqoko esimnyama ekhanda. Ngezansi kukhona izimpaphe ezimhlophe, ezidlulela emsileni ngombala ompunga. Ubude be-tern bungamasentimitha angama-30. Le nyoni inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-130 gram.
AmaTern ahlala emanzini angaphakathi nezwe. Izinyoni zihamba amakhilomitha ayikhulu ukusuka ogwini lolwandle. Cishe kungamakhilomitha ayi-182.
I-Cuckoo
Kubuye kube nokufuduka. Ngakho-ke, ungaphendukela ku-cuckoo ngombuzo owaziwa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Bese kuthi izinyoni ziye e-Afrika, eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabia, e-Indonesia, e-Indochina, eCeylon.
Ukuphakama kwendiza kakhokho kuyahluka phakathi kobusuku nemini. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izinyoni zingamamitha angamakhulu amaningana ngaphezu komhlaba. Kulula ukuthola ukudla lapha. Ebusuku, ama-cuckoos andiza ebangeni lekhilomitha.
Amakhukhamba akaze ame endleleni. Indawo oya kuyo ikhethwa ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala ehlobo. Ngakho-ke esuka eYurophu, ama-cuckoos akhetha ukuthuthela e-Afrika. Izinyoni zezifunda ezisempumalanga zindiza ziye e-Asia.
Izinambuzane yizinyoni zokuqala ezifudukayo ukushiya amakhaya azo. Bese kuthi labo abadla amakhambi amasha, imbewu, izithelo batheleke. Izinyoni zamanzi zigcina ukuhamba. Ukujwayelekile kosayizi nakho kuyasebenza. Izinyoni ezinkulu zihlala ezindaweni zokuzalela isikhathi eside. Izinyoni ezincane zindiza zibheke eningizimu nezinsuku zokuqala zekwindla.
