Ihlathi liyindawo yemvelo etholakala ezindaweni eziningi zezulu zomhlaba. Imelwe yizihlahla nezihlahlana ezikhula kakhulu futhi zitholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ehlathini kuhlala izinhlobo ezinjalo zezilwane ezikwazi ukuphila ezimweni ezinjalo. Omunye wemisebenzi ewusizo yale ecosystem yikhono lokuzivuselela.
Amahlathi ahlukahlukene:
- igalari;
- itheyiphu bur;
- ipaki;
- amaphoyisa;
- isihlahla.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinkuni, kunamahlathi e-coniferous, avulekile futhi ahlanganisiwe.
Amahlathi ezindawo ezahlukahlukene zezulu
Endaweni yesimo sezulu esisenkabazwe, lapho kuhlala kushisa futhi kuphakeme kakhulu, izihlahla eziluhlaza zikhula ezigabeni eziningana. Lapha ungathola ama-ficuses namasundu, ama-orchid, imivini kanye nezihlahla ze-cocoa. Amahlathi e-equatorial ikakhulukazi ayimpawu ye-Afrika, iNingizimu Melika, engatholakali kangako e-Eurasia.
Amahlathi anamaqabunga aqinile akhula ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ehlobo lapha kushisa ngokulingene futhi kunalokho komile, ngenkathi ubusika bungabandi futhi bunile. Ama-oki no-heather, iminqumo kanye nemmirtile, i-arbutus nama-liana kukhula ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lolu hlobo lwehlathi lutholakala eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu, e-Australia naseMelika.
Isimo sezulu esipholile sendawo yehlathi sicebile ezinhlotsheni ezinamakhasi abanzi njenge-beech ne-oki, ama-magnolias nezivini, ama-chestnut namalindens. Amahlathi anamaqabunga abanzi atholakala e-Eurasia, kwezinye iziqhingi zoLwandlekazi iPacific, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ezimweni ezipholile, kukhona amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, lapho kukhula khona i-oki, i-linden, i-elm, i-fir ne-spruce. Ngokuvamile, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe azungeza isiqeshana esincanyana samazwekazi aseNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia, enabela eMpumalanga Ekude.
Engxenyeni esenyakatho yeMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia, kunendawo engokwemvelo ye-taiga, lapho indawo yezulu epholile nayo ibusa khona. I-Taiga yizinhlobo ezimbili - i-coniferous elula ne-dark coniferous. Lapha kukhula imisedari, ama-spruces, ama-firs, ama-ferns nama-berry bush.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele, kukhona amahlathi emvula atholakala eMelika Ephakathi, engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngokwengxenye e-Australia. Amahlathi ale ndawo ayizinhlobo ezimbili - ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka futhi ezimanzi njalo. Isimo sezulu endaweni esehlathini lebhande le-subequatorial simelwe yizinkathi ezimbili - ezimanzi nezomile, ezithonywe yizinqwaba zomoya we-equatorial and tropical. Amahlathi ebhande le-subequatorial atholakala eNingizimu Melika, e-Indochina nase-Australia. Endaweni eshisayo, kukhona amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, atholakala eChina nase-United States. Isimo sezulu sinomswakama lapha, kukhula uphayini nama-magnolias, camellia kanye ne-camphor laurel.
Iplanethi inamahlathi amaningi ezimeni zezulu ezahlukahlukene, okufaka isandla ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane nezilwane emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, amahlathi asongelwa yimisebenzi ye-anthropogenic, yingakho indawo yehlathi incishiswa ngamakhulu amahektha minyaka yonke.
