Incazelo nezici
Lona ummeleli omkhulu kakhulu we-artiodactyl herbivore wezilwane zasemhlabeni. Ubukhulu benyamazane lapho ibuna bungadlula kakhulu ukuphakama komuntu. Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-3, kanti isisindo somzimba esimaphakathi cishe sibe yingxenye yetoni.
Lezi zilwane zivame ukubizwa nge-elk. Bakweleta isidlaliso esifanayo ngento ebalabala kakhulu ekubukekeni kwabo - izimpondo ezinkulu zikanokusho, ezibukeka njengedivayisi yasendulo yokulima - igeja.
Ama-moose wesilisa avuthiwe kuphela angaziqhayisa ngomhlobiso onjalo. Futhi abesifazane bancane futhi abanazimpondo ngokwemvelo. Into ebekiwe yokubukeka, uhlobo lomqhele, ukwakheka kwamathambo okwe-spade nokukhula, isisindo esilinganisiwe esingaba ngu-25 kg.
Njalo ngonyaka ngokuqala kwezulu elibandayo izimpondo zempondo zinyamalale, zimane zilahlwe. Kepha ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, kwenye indawo ngoMeyi, kukhula "umqhele" omusha emakhanda abo.
Ama-Elks ayizihlobo zezinyamazane, kepha ngokubukeka ahluka ngezindlela eziningi kuzo, entula umusa wazo. Ziyinkimbinkimbi, zinamahlombe nesifuba esinamandla. Intamo enesikhumba esithambile esikhipha ngaphansi komphimbo kanye nesiqu sendololwane uma iqhathaniswa nobukhulu bomzimba inika isithombe sokufinyezwa.
I-humpbacked iyabuna iphakama ngaphezu kwabo, bese kuba nenhloko enkulu enekhala elikhulu. Isifonyo sifana nokuvuvukala ngasekugcineni, siphethe inyama, silenga ngaphezulu kwendebe engaphezulu, engenhla. Imilenze yesilwane, embozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane, kunqunyelwe, ingabi mncane, inezinselo ezinde ezincanyana.
Kunomsila ofinyelela ku-13 cm ngosayizi, mfushane, kepha uyabonakala kakhulu. Umbala wejazi elimahhadla emzimbeni wehluka cishe kokumhlophe kuye kokumnyama onsundu; imilenze yama-moose ivame ukuba mhlophe. Ebusika, umbala wezinwele ukhanya kakhulu, okwenza i-elk ingabonakali ngokwengeziwe ngemuva kwezwe leqhwa. Zonke lezi zici zibonakala ngokusobala i-moose esithombeni.
Amehlo alezi zilwane awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi abukhali ngokukhethekile, kepha ukuzwa nokuzwa kwephunga kuthuthukiswa kahle kakhulu. Agijima ngejubane futhi abhukude kakhulu. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zizuze ngokufanele isihloko sobukhulu obukhulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Cishe uhhafu wamalungu e-elk angabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseRussia. I-Elk nayo isabalele e-Ukraine, Belarus, emazweni aseBaltic, ePoland naseScandinavia, ensimini yamanye amazwe aseYurophu, nase-Asia, ngokwesibonelo, eMongolia naseChina. Zitholakala naseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi eCanada nase-Alaska.
Izinhlobo
Elk - leli igama lohlobo lohlobo olumele umndeni wezinyamazane. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, bekukholelwa ukuthi iqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lwegama elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, kwavela ubunzima obukhulu ngentela ye-intraspecific.
Kuvele kwaba nzima ukucacisa nokuhlukanisa ngokunembile inani lezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobo ezincane. Futhi ngalolu daba, izazi zezilwane zihlukene phakathi. Izakhi zofuzo zanamuhla zisize ekuphenduleni imibuzo edidayo. Ngokwalo mthombo, uhlobo lwe-elk kufanele luhlukaniswe hhayi lube lunye, kepha lube yizinhlobo ezimbili.
Ake sizicabangele ngokuningiliziwe.
1. Indololwane yaseMpumalanga... Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezimbili ezinhlobonhlobo: i-European ne-Caucasian. Abamele babo bayizilwane ezide kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela isisindo esifinyelela ku-650 kg. Izimpondo zenyamazane enjalo zishaya ngamasentimitha angu-135 noma ngaphezulu.
Izinwele zazo zinombala omnyama. Ingemuva limakwe ngomugqa omnyama. Ukuphela kwesifonyo nezinwele emilenzeni kukhanya kancane. Isisu nangemuva kwemilenze yalezi zilwane ezincelisayo, kanye nodebe lwazo olungaphezulu, kucishe kube mhlophe.
2. I-elk yasentshonalanga... Kwesinye isikhathi lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuhlukile ngokwaseMelika, kepha futhi kunembile ukulibiza ngokuthi yi-East Siberian, ngoba abamele umbuso wama-elk walaba bobabili, ekuboneni kokuqala, izifunda ezikude zeplanethi zifana ngokufana.
Le nhlobo ihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies aseMpumalanga Canada nase-Ussuri. Izilwane ezinjalo zincane ngosayizi kunezihlobo ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Futhi ubude bezimpondo zazo bungaba imitha. Kuyiqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile, ngoba eCanada naseMpumalanga Ekude ungathola izibonelo ezinkulu kakhulu, isisindo sazo esifinyelela kuma-700 kg.
Umbala we-moose onjalo uhluke kakhulu. Intamo nomzimba ophezulu kuvame ukuba nsundu ngokugqamile noma mpunga. Imilenze engenhla, kanye nezinhlangothi ezingezansi, imvamisa imnyama.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Umzimba walezi zidalwa awulingani ngokuphelele, futhi imilenze yawo emide kakhulu nomfutho onamandla kunqanda okunye ukunyakaza. Isibonelo, ukudakwa echibini, U-Elk angeke nje atshekise ikhanda lakhe. Kufanele angene ajule emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi awele phansi ngamadolo, ngenkathi egobisa izingalo zakhe zangaphambili.
By the way, bona, abanezinselo ezicijile, bakhonza lesi silwane njengethuluzi elihle lokuzivikela. Lapho kungqubuzana nezitha, amabhere noma izimpisi, izidalwa ezinjalo zikhahlela ngemilenze yazo yangaphambili, ukushaya kwezinselo zazo kungaphula ugebhezi lwesitha ngasikhathi sinye.
U-Elk – isilwane, ijazi lalo ebusika aligcini ngokukhanya kuphela, kodwa futhi lijiyile, lifinyelela ebangeni elingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Futhi entanyeni bese liyabuna, likhula lihlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe futhi likhulu ngosayizi ophindwe kabili.
Izimpondo zalezi zidalwa, ezishintshela ezintsha njalo entwasahlobo, ziyizakhiwo ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, zithambile futhi zithambile, zimbozwe isikhumba, ezikwazi ukopha lapho zilimele futhi zihlushwa ukulunywa ngama-parasite. Kancane kancane baba lukhuni, babe namandla ngokwengeziwe futhi babe banzi.
Lapho umuntu emdala, izimpondo zayo zihlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe. Le mihlobiso iqala ukuvela ku-elk enonyaka owodwa ubudala. Lapho zisencane, ziyizimpondo ezincane kuphela. Umqhele ofanayo kubantu abadala uqukethe isiqu esibanzi esicijile esibizwa ngefosholo. Izinqubo zinamathiselwe kulokhu kwakhiwa.
Ngokukhula, ifosholo liba banzi futhi liqine, futhi ubukhulu bezinqubo, okuvame ukuba neshumi nesishiyagalombili, kunalokho, buyancipha. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukunquma ubudala besilwane ngokuma kwezimpondo.
Ukuchithwa kwamathambo amadala "imiqhele" kwenzeka ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Ngesikhathi samakhaza, ama-moose awazidingi, kepha kuphela, ngokuba yimfundo enzima, athikameza ukunyakaza kwawo, okwenza impilo ibe nzima ezikhathini ezinzima.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, izimpondo azisetshenziswa ngabesilisa hhayi neze ukuvikela, kepha ukuheha abesifazane kanye nomthelela wengqondo kwizimbangi, okusebenza njengohlobo lwesikhombisi samandla wesilisa nesithunzi. Ekupheleni kwekwindla, inani lamahomoni ezocansi egazini lesilwane liyancipha, ngenxa yalokho, amaseli asezansi nokwakheka kwamathambo ayabhujiswa, futhi izimpondo ziyawa. Lokhu kulahleka kobuhlungu nokukhathazeka akubangeli i-elk. Konke kwenzeka ngokwemvelo.
Ubuhle obunjalo bungabantu abahlala emahlathini, kwesinye isikhathi abahlala emaqeleni nasezintabeni, abasakazeka ngentshiseko kuyo yonke indawo yehlathi. Zikhetha izindawo zasendle ezinemifudlana nemifula, zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
Abazizwa benothando olukhethekile lokuhamba, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela behamba besuka kwenye indawo baye kwenye, ngaphandle kokuthi kuphela lapho befuna ukudla noma ebusika bathambekele ekukhetheni izindawo ezingaphansi kweqhwa. Ehlobo, lapho kunokudla okuningi, i-moose ithanda ukuzulazula yodwa, kepha ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukuze iphile, ihlangana ngamaqembu amancane nemihlambi.
Ukuzingela ama-moose akuvinjelwe ngumthetho, kepha kungenzeka kuphela ngemikhawulo ethile. Lo msebenzi uthandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi usabalale emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Mangisho ukuthi kudinga ikhono elikhulu, ukwenza izinto ngobuhlakani nokubekezela, kepha ngaphandle kokuthakazelisa, imvelo yokugembula, akuphephile nakancane.
Inyama ye-Elk it has ukunambitheka okungavamile, ngaphezu kwalokho, okungajwayelekile, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, kucatshangelwa ezinye izinkomba, lesi sidlo, esiqhathanisa kahle newundlu elinamafutha nengulube, futhi sibuye samukeleke kahle ngumzimba, kuvame ukunconywa odokotela ukuba basetshenziswe ezifweni eziningi. Kwenziwe ngezibiliboco eziningi ezithokozisayo, kwenziwa ukudla okusemathinini namasoseji angabilwanga aluhlaza.
Ama-moose ngokwawo anokuthula futhi aguquguquka kakhulu esimilweni. Ngendlela, kulula kakhulu ukuthambisa isilwane esinjalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukondla ithole lasendle, futhi ngokushesha uqala ukuzwa uthando ngomuntu, okungathi, ngokuqhubeka kokujwayelana okuhle, kungahlala impilo yonke.
Ama-Elks ajika abe lusizo olukhulu kubantu. Zisetshenziselwa ngenkuthalo umsebenzi nokuhamba kuma-sleigh nangamahhashi, futhi ungathola ubisi ezinkomeni ze-moose.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwalezi zidalwa kungukudla kwemifino kuphela, ngakho-ke amazinyo abo ahlelwe ngokufanele, aguqulelwe kangcono ekugayeni, hhayi ekuhlafunweni kokudla. Ama-Elks adla utshani nezihlahlana ezahlukahlukene njengokudla. Bathanda amaqabunga ezihlahla, ikakhulukazi i-bird cherry, i-birch, i-mountain ash.
Lolu hlu kufanele lubandakanye nomnyezane, imephu, umlotha, i-aspen. Ama-Elks ayakwazi ukondla amakhowe, ubulembu, ubulembu, izitshalo ezinamanzi amancane namanzi.
Entwasahlobo, lapho kuvela uhlaza lwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo, umkhathi wangempela uyeza. Ngalesi sikhathi, bagcwalisa ukuphakelwa kwamavithamini alahlekile ebusika. Ama-moose ajabule ngokudla i-sedge entsha ne-sorrel enamanzi.
Futhi ehlobo, lezi zilwane zithanda ukuzitika ngamajikijolo ahlukahlukene. Kulezi zikhathi ezivumayo, abamele izilwane bayakwazi ukudla ama-35 kg wokudla ngosuku. Kepha ekwindla abanakho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokudla amaqabunga awile bakha amagxolo ezihlahla, futhi basondele kakhulu ebusika - ukuzondla ngezinaliti namagatsha.
Njengesengezo samaminerali, lezi zidalwa zidinga kakhulu usawoti, ngakho-ke zivamise ukuwukhotha, zifuna ukukhothwa kasawoti wemvelo, futhi ziphuze emithonjeni enamanzi abilayo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-moose idla amakhowe anobuthi, ngokwesibonelo, i-fly agaric. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu bakwenza ngenhloso yokuqeda umzimba ama-parasites ahlukahlukene emzimbeni wabo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, laba bameleli bezilwane zomhlaba bavuthwa ngokwanele ukuba babambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kabusha kohlobo lwabo. Lesi sikhathi uqobo lwesilwane esichaziwe, esibizwa ngenye indlela elk rut, ivame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekwindla futhi ihlala cishe izinyanga ezimbili.
Kodwa-ke, ngezindlela eziningi isikhathi esiqondile sokuqala kwaso sincike esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu sendawo. Isiginali yemvelo yokuqala kwamasiko wokukhwelana ukwehliswa okukhulu kwamahora emini. Futhi cishe isonto ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bazizwa bekhathazekile kakhulu. Ziyabubula, zikhuthale ngokwengeziwe futhi zihambe, ziphele esixukwini zingene ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho ukuduma kwezinyamazane futhi ugijimele.
Ngalezo zikhathi, lezi zilwane zilahlekelwa yisixwayiso, ziba yizisulu ezilula zezitha nabazingeli abanobuqili, abavame ukuqinisa imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi sesikhunta, bazi ngalesi sici se-moose futhi bazisebenzisele inhlanhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bayahlanya nakakhulu. Badonsa izihlahla ezinezimpande bese behlela ukubonana phakathi kwabo. Ophumelele uhlala "nentokazi yenhliziyo" futhi ayilandele, akhiphe ukububula kwesikhalazo.
Ngokomzimba, i-moose eyodwa iyakwazi ukufaka umanyolo kwabalingani abambalwa, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emapulazini ama-moose. Kepha endle, njengomthetho, owesilisa akanabo abesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa. Lapho-ke inkomo ye-moose iyakhulelwa, futhi kwenye indawo ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngoJuni ibeletha, njengomthetho, kuzinyane elilodwa.
Amathole e-moose anejazi elibomvu elikhanyayo azalwa esebenza kahle kakhulu. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi bayasukuma, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa bazame ukulandela umama wabo.
Kuyacaca ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziyondla kanjani inzalo yazo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubisi lwe-moose lunambitha cishe njengobisi lwenkomo, kepha luyahluka ekubunjweni futhi luvele lube lukhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi amathole e-moose akhula ngokushesha ekudleni okubonisiwe futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha akhuphule isisindo sawo esiphindwe kayishumi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, isikhathi sempilo semvukuzane singafika kwikota yekhulu leminyaka. Kodwa abamele abaningi balolu hlobo lwezilwane bafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yezifo, izingozi, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, baba yisisulu sezitha zemvelo nabantu. Futhi owokugcina kubo uyingozi ikakhulukazi, ubuqili futhi unonya.
