Incazelo nezici
Intethe – isinambuzane, itholakala cishe yonke indawo. Lesi sinambuzane sitholakala emathafeni nasezinkangala, sicashe otshanini obuluhlaza, siyisakhamuzi samahlathi ashisayo anomswakama ngisho nasemahlane awomile.
Lesi sidalwa esokuhleleka kwe-Orthoptera futhi inezici eziningi ezithandekayo zesakhiwo. Bavumela abamele umhlaba wezinambuzane ukuthi baphile ngempumelelo, basakaze emazweni nakwamazwekazi.
Intethe inezimbambo ezintathu zemilenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitho ezine zangaphambili zimsebenzela ukuhamba, phezu kwazo, njengoba kungamangazi, izindlebe zalesi sinambuzane ziyashukunyiswa. Futhi imilenze yangemuva enemisipha, ekwazi ukusunduza ngamandla amakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo, yenza kube lula ngesidalwa esinjalo ukuba sigxume ngokumangalisayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, intethe ikhuphuka kakhulu futhi ihambe amabanga amade, iphindwe izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili ngobukhulu bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjalo zinamaphiko, ngamabili amabili: ngaphambili nangemuva. Ngosizo lwabo, intethe iyakwazi nokuxuba, yize kungekude kakhulu.
Izimpondo ezihlaba umxhwele, ezivame ukuba zinde kunomzimba walezi zidalwa ezincane, zisebenza njengezitho zokuthinta. Umzimba walezi zinambuzane uqobo unezingxenye ezintathu. Owokuqala uyinhloko enkulu, lapho kubonakala khona ngokucacile amehlo amakhulu, anezici, ezinama-oval. Ezinye izingxenye ezimbili yisifuba nesisu.
Izinambuzane zaziwa ngekhono lazo lokwenza imisindo ethokozisayo - zitshiyoze. Ngaphezu kwalokho imisindo yentethe Zibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengezihlukile, zihlukaniswa ngevolumu, ithimbhu kanye nomculo kuye ngohlobo.
Futhi abamele ngamunye wabo bangaziqhayisa ngomsindo wabo oyingqayizivele. Indima "yethuluzi" idlalwa ulwelwesi olukhethekile oluse-elytra yesobunxele. Inomthambo obukhulu ngama-denticles - lolu uhlobo lomnsalo.
Futhi ulwelwesi oluse-elytra yangakwesokudla lisebenza njenge-resonator. Ukuzivumelanisa okunjalo kwemvelo kukhiqiza imiculo eyingqayizivele ngesikhathi sokudlidliza. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinambuzane ezinjalo, abesilisa kuphela abanikezwe amakhono "omculo". Kepha kunezinhlobo zezintethe, lapho abesifazane futhi bekwazi ukushaya.
Njengoba sekushiwo, izintethe zilalela ngezinyawo zazo, ngoba izitho zazo ezenzelwe ukubamba amaza omsindo zisemilenzeni engaphambili yalezi zidalwa. Ngokuqondile, ama-eardrum atholakala emilenzeni engezansi.
Kwezinye izinhlobo, zivulekile, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zinikezwa ngamabhodlela akhethekile azifihlayo. Usizo lokuzwa uqobo lunamaseli abucayi kakhulu neziphetho zezinzwa.
Izinhlobo zezintethe
Laba bameleli bombuso wezinambuzane, abahlala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, bangaziqhayisa ngokuhlukahluka okungajwayelekile kwezimpawu zangaphandle nezokuziphatha. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-7 zezidalwa ezinjalo emhlabeni.
Futhi ngamunye wabo unikezwe izici zayo. Izinhlobo zezintethe ahluke kakhulu ngosayizi. Abamele ezinye izinhlobo bangaba nobude obuyisentimitha elilodwa nohhafu, kungabe kusaba khona. Kodwa kukhona nemidondoshiya, ubukhulu bayo obufinyelela ku-15 cm.
Ngendlela, abesifazane ezintethe bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi ngaphandle bahluke kubo phambi kwe-ovipositor - ithuluzi elikhethekile losayizi omkhulu owenzelwe ukubeka amaqanda. Ngosayizi, ingahambisana nengxenye yobude bomzimba wowesifazane, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungayinaki.
Futhi, izinhlobo zezintethe ziyahluka ngombala ohluke kakhulu. Imibala ivamise ukuhambisana nendawo okuhlala kuyo izinambuzane, isebenza njengohlobo lwesudi yokufihla intethe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyenza ibonakale ngokungafani nesiqalo sezimila nezwe.
Umbala ungaba yi-monochromatic, ngokwesibonelo, uluhlaza okotshani, kepha ngasikhathi sinye isikali sombala siyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuyamangaza ngokuhlukahluka kwezinketho zethoni yombala. Futhi, umbala wezinhlobo ungasebenza kakhulu futhi ukhanye, ugcwaliswe ngemivimbo namabala. Konke lokhu kwehlukahluka kungabonakala esithombeni sezintethe.
Ezinye izinhlobo kufanele zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe.
1. I-Dybka steppe phakathi kwezintethe zaseRussia kungesinye sezidlakela. Futhi ubukhulu bezinambuzane ezinjalo bungafinyelela kuma-cm 8. Amaphiko abo awathuthuki kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi amafushane kakhulu, noma awekho nhlobo. Umbala walezi ntethe uluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi unombala ophuzi nombala ofanayo nomngcele wesikhathi eside.
Zisabalele ezindaweni ezihlukene zaseningizimu yeYurophu, emaqeleni agcwele umhlonyane, nasemigodini embozwe izihlahlana ezingavamile. Lezi zinambuzane zimbalwa ngenani, futhi nenani labamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni lihlala lincipha njalo.
Esithombeni, intethe encane
2. Intethe eluhlaza... Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zalezi zinhlobo zinobude bomzimba obucishe bube ngamasentimitha ama-3, kepha kokunye zingakhula zifike kuma-cm 6. Lezi zidalwa zitholakala kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe, ezindaweni zase-Asia zezwe lethu kuze kufike e-Far East, kanye nase-Afrika.
Ubude beqa lezidalwa ezinjalo bungafika kumamitha ama-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyakwazi ukundiza. Lezi zidalwa zitshiyoza kakhulu ukuze zizwakale ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100. Ngamakhonsathi anjalo, abesilisa baheha abalingani babo.
Intethe eluhlaza
3. Intethe ebamba ukushisa - enye yezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke. Kodwa ummeleli wayo uyakwazi ukweqa cishe isigamu semitha ukuphakama. Ngaphandle, azisafani nezintethe, kepha yizicabucabu, kepha zinezimpondo ezinkulu. Umbala wezidalwa ezinjalo unombala onsundu noma ompunga, ohlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lokhu kungumhlali wasezindaweni ezisenkabeni yeChina, kodwa kanye nezitshalo, izinambuzane ezinjalo zisakazekela ngasentshonalanga eYurophu, kuze kufike eCrimea, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihambela ngasempumalanga, zaze zafinyelela ezwenikazi laseMelika. Lezi zinkumbi zikhetha ukuhlala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo, yingakho zibizwa kanjalo.
Intethe ebamba ukushisa
4. Intethe ephethwe yibhola... Lo ngumndeni ophelele wezintethe ezinkulu, abameleli be-suborder enamanzi amaningi. Ubukhulu bomzimba walezi zinambuzane bukhulu. Inhloko yabo inkulu, inesimo esiyindilinga, i-elytra ifinyeziwe. Ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ze-USSR yangaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-7 zezintethe ezinjalo. Zitholakala nase-Eurasia nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ne-Afrika.
Intethe ephethwe yibhola
5. Ueta omkhulu - ingenye yezintethe ezinkulu futhi ezisinda kakhulu. Isisindo sezinambuzane ezinjalo singafinyelela kuma-70 g futhi sikhuphuke siphezulu. Zitholakala eNew Zealand, kodwa hhayi kuzo zonke iziqhingi, kodwa kuphela esiqhingini esincane kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Little Barrier, okubhekwa njengesona sendawo. Lesi sidalwa sikwazi ukuzivikela ngempumelelo ezitheni ngobukhulu baso (ubude be-shin ngu-5 cm) nemilenze yangemuva enamandla.
Kepha izitho ezinjalo azizisizi ukuba zigxume, ngokusobala izintethe zisinda kakhulu. Kepha ngaphandle kosayizi, ngaphandle bayafana ncamashi nama-congener abo avela kwezinye izinhlobo noma amakhilikithi. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zingahlala emihumeni, ezindaweni ezivulekile nasemahlathini esiqhingi esishiwo, nasezindaweni eziseduze nemizana.
Ueta omkhulu
6. USteppe Tolstun... Izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjalo zibhekwa njengezingajwayelekile kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, indawo yabo yehle kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo kwaqoshwa eKrasnodar Territory, endaweni eseduze neRostov, eKabardino-Balkaria, nakwezinye izifunda zaseRussia. it intethe emnyama, omzimba wakhe unesibani sethusi. Kukhona abantu abanamachashazi beqiniso balokhu kuhlukahluka.
USteppe Tolstun
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Yize izintethe zimila kahle ezimfundeni eziphakeme, ezindaweni ezishisayo nasetundra, azikakwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu sezingwadule ezomile kakhulu namakhaza ase-arctic. Bazizwa bekhulu esibhakabhakeni, emahlathini nasezinhlangothini, ezinkangala zikakolweni namazambane, emahlathini.
Izidalwa ezinjalo ziqhuba umsebenzi wazo obalulekile ngaphezulu. Ukufihla ngaphansi komhlaba, ezindaweni ezifihlekile ngaphansi kwamagatsha awile kanye neziqu, emigodini yezihlahla nasemigodini akuyona eyabo. Imvamisa zivamise ukuhamba ngotshani nezinye izitshalo, zicashe elangeni elishisayo nasesimo sezulu esibi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga azo.
Imvamisa baphumula emini, baphume bayozingela ebusuku. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi uzwe ukuhayiza kwabo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abesilisa bakhiqiza imisindo enjalo. Ngakho-ke bangadonsela abangani babo ngokuhlangana, futhi bazise izimbangi ukuthi le ndawo ivikelekile, ngoba isivele inabantu.
Intethe yeqa
Kungokwemvelo isinambuzane esiluhlaza, intethe... Yizinkumbi lezi. Kuliqiniso, futhi ingaba nombala onsundu, ompunga nokuphuzi, kepha futhi nokufihla, okungukuthi, umbala wemvelo, umbala. Uma uthi shazi phezulu, lezi zinambuzane ezimbili cishe azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa.
Kodwa-ke, kunokwehluka okuphawulekayo ekuziphatheni kwabo. Izinkumbi zihlala emihlambini. Futhi izindimbane ezinjalo ezingenakubalwa kwesinye isikhathi zikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba zimane zonakalise yonke imikhakha yezitshalo ngejubane elihle. Izinkumbi, njengomthetho, izidalwa ezihlala zodwa. Futhi-ke, isikhonyane asigxumi, kodwa sindiza kahle, nemilenze yaso imifushane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezincane ezihlala eMhlabeni, kukhona nezilwane ezinolaka. Izintethe zingenye yazo. Bayazalwa, bangabazingeli abanamakhono. Bazama ukubamba inyamazane yabo ngejubane lombani, besebenzisa ingaphambili labo. Zidla izibungu kanye nezinambuzane ezincane, zidla izinkumbi ezincane, imikhaza kanye nama-aphid.
Izintethe nazo zisebenzisa amabhungane, izimvemvane, amacimbi. Ezimweni zokushoda kwezinye izinhlobo zokudla, ikakhulukazi lapho zibhajwe endaweni evalekile, ziyakwazi ukuzulisa igagasi lokuhlaselwa kwezihlobo zazo.
Intethe enezimbali idla amaqabunga
Futhi lapho uzizwe unenhlanhla, onamandla kakhulu uzodla obuthakathaka ngokudla, ngaphandle kokungabaza nhlobo. Ukuze uthole umthamo wazo odingekayo wezakhamzimba, usawoti kanye namaprotheni, lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuncela izidumbu nendle.
Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, izintethe zingadonsela amaqabunga ezitshalo, kepha njalo kuphela kumahlumela amancane. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo lolu hlobo lokudla oluphambili kuzo futhi okuwukuphela kwazo.
Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, ubukhazikhazi bezintethe kwesinye isikhathi bulimaza izitshalo ezitshaliwe nezasehlathini. Kepha ngokudla izinambuzane eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi ibhungane lamazambane laseColorado, elibulala inqwaba yezitshalo zamazambane, izintethe ziyasiza kakhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi nobude besikhathi sokukhwelana kwezintethe ngqo kuncike esifundeni abahlala kuso. Endaweni epholile, iqala ngezinsuku ezifudumele zangoMeyi futhi iphele kwenye indawo ngoSepthemba. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esingesihle sesizini ethile, izinsuku ezikhonjisiwe zingahluka.
Inqubo yokukhwelana kwezintethe
Imbewu yabamele abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ivuthwa ku-capsule ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa uyinamathisela kumlingani wakhe esiswini. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela uketshezi lwendoda lungena kwi-oviduct yabesifazane.
Okulandelayo, umama wentethe uhlanganyela ekuthatheni amasende, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa awabeke, akhethe indawo efaneleke kakhulu, ethule futhi eyimfihlo. Inani lamaqanda liyamangalisa: kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingamakhulu ambalwa kuya kwezingu-1000.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela izibungu. Badlula ezigabeni eziningi zentuthuko, bedlula ama-molts ayisithupha. Ekugcineni, baba nezimpiko, ezinye izitho zomuntu omdala, nezitho zokuzala zomzimba. Ngakho-ke kubonakala emhlabeni intethe.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezihlukaniswe zaba ubulili obubili. Ezinye zazo zinabesifazane kuphela. Ngakho-ke, amaqanda laba bantu abakwaziyo ukuwabekala kuvele kungavundiswanga. Kepha zisasebenza, futhi ekuthuthukisweni, izintethe zivela kubo, kepha kuphela ezobulili besifazane. Kanjalo kuyaqhubeka nokuqhubeka.
Intethe yensikazi izalela amaqanda emhlabathini
Izinambuzane ezinjalo ziyaphila, zize zicabangele isigaba seqanda, inkathi eyodwa kuphela. Ngokuyisisekelo, kukalwa ngezinsuku ezifudumele zonyaka othile. Kodwa inqubo yokukhiqiza iyaqhubeka kuze kufike isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ngokwemvelo insikazi ilindela ubusika, ngakho izalela amaqanda ayo enhlabathini ngqo. Kulesi simo, babekezelela isithwathwa namakhaza, impilo eqhubekayo entwasahlobo ezayo, ngokungafani nabazali babo, abafa kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo.
