Inganekwane ngenyoni enhle eyaletha umlilo kubantu ababandayo futhi yabasindisa idlulisa isithombe senyoni ekhanyayo enomsila wombala welangabi. it ukuqala kabusha. Inyoni encane enokubukeka okuhle iyaziwa kubahlali bamazwe amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia.
Incazelo nezici
Ubukhulu benyoni buqhathaniswa nosayizi kondlunkulu ojwayelekile, u-10-16 cm. Ubude bezimpiko zezinyoni bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-25. Imilenze mincane, iphakeme. Inyoni encane ayinakunakwa ngenxa yombala ogqamile wezimpaphe zesisu nomsila.
Umbala wewolintshi ovuthayo unikeze igama lezinyoni. I-Redstart esithombeni ufakazela ukuthi ngeke kudidaniswe nomunye umuntu. Ikhanda, emuva kumpunga. Izihlathi nentamo kumnyama. Owesifazane unombala onsundu onsundu, onamabala abomvu e-tan - awashayi kakhulu kunalawo wesilisa. Abantu abasha banezimpaphe ezimpunga ezinamabala e-ocher. Ngekwindla, umbala wazo zonke izinyoni uyanyamalala, uthuliswe.
Inyoni le inomlomo omkhulu obanzi, ohlangane. Ilungele ngokuphelele ukubamba inyamazane. Isici sokuhamba kwe-redstart ukudikiza njalo komsila ongavamile.
Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziya ebusika eCentral Africa ekuqaleni kokwindla. Zindiza njalo ebusuku ngoSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngentwasahlobo, ngo-Mashi-Ephreli, babuyela ezindaweni zabo zokuzalwa.
Imizamo yokugcina izinyoni emakhejini iyaphumelela ngokunakekelwa kahle. Kepha i-redstart ijwayela abantu isikhathi eside, icula okuncane ekuthunjweni. Ekuqaleni, izimpiko ziboshelwe ezinyonini, ngaphandle kwalokho zishaya ikheji bese zifa.
Izinhlobo
I-Redstart imvamisa ezinye izihlobo zitholakala encazelweni yezinhlobo ezivela ekuhlelweni kwabadluli bomndeni we-flycatcher. Sekukonke, ama-redstarts afaka izinhlobo eziyi-13 ezihlala eNdiya, eChina nakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Asia. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinyoni unombala wokuqala wezimpaphe. Wonke umuntu uhlanganiswa nomzimba obuthakathaka, uqhwaku olumise okwe-awl.
Ukuqala kabusha okuvamile
Izindawo zokuhlala zeRedstart zivamile eRussia:
- impunga (ejwayelekile);
- ukuqala kabusha okumnyama;
- ingadi;
- ESiberia;
- ibhande elibomvu;
- ama-redstart-coots.
Ukuqala kabusha okumpunga (okuvamile). Izimpaphe zikanokusho, owolintshi omnyama, zivela kwabesilisa. Ibunzi elimhlophe linikeze igama lohlobo. Inyoni enhle ayikwazi ukudideka nanoma ngubani, ibonakala ngokuhlabelela okunomculo. I-redstart ihlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, ingxenye enkulu ye-Eurasia.
Ukuqala kabusha okumpunga
IBlack Redstart. Inyoni encane, encane kunondlunkulu, isisindo somuntu ngamunye singama-14-18 gram kuphela. Eyesilisa inezimpaphe ezimnyama esiphongweni, ezihlathini, entanyeni, ingxenye engenhla yomzimba impunga, umsila u-orenji onamachashaza amnyama.
I-Redstart yowesifazane iyunifomu ethe xaxa ngombala, umkhwenyana nomsila ongaphezulu, njengowesilisa, amathoni abomvu. Izinyoni zihlala emazweni asezintabeni e-Asia naseYurophu. Bathanda ama-niches amatshe, amawa, imithambeka yamatshe.
I-redstart emnyama
Emadolobheni, izinyoni zikhangwa yizindawo zezimboni ezinamapayipi efektri, iscaffolding. Siqaphele ukuhlangana kabusha kwabantu abamnyama ngamaqoqo ezindlini zamasonto. Ukucula kweChernushki kumangele, kuyahoshozela, kuphindaphindwa okuningi.
Isiqalo sokuqala kabusha yingadi. Inyoni ekhanyayo, phezulu kwayo kunomlotha, isiphongo, umphimbo, izimpiko ngokwengxenye kumnyama, isisu simhlophe. Izimpaphe ezibomvu ngokugqamile zihlobisa isifuba, izinhlangothi, umsila. Kukhona ichashaza elimhlophe esiphongweni. Abesifazane banesizotha ngokwengeziwe ngombala, yize imiphetho ebomvu ngokubomvu nayo ihlobisa ingubo empunga.
Ingadi eqala kabusha insikazi
Indawo eyintandokazi - ezihlahleni zamapaki amadala, izivande. Izindawo zokuhlala inyoni eqala kabusha emahlathini e-coniferous, axubekile nezihlahla. Izingoma zomuntu ohlala engadini ziyi-euphonic, zomsindo. Izazi ze-Ornithologists ziphawula ukuthambekela kokulingisa ama-trill abanye abantu, abambiza ngokuthi yi-mockingbird.
Ukuqala kabusha kweSiberia. Umbala ufana nomeleli ojwayelekile (onekhanda elimpunga) wezinhlobo, kepha indawo emhlophe ayikho ekhanda, kodwa emaphikweni. Igama lenyoni likhombisa indawo yokuhlala. Kwenzeka eningizimu yeSiberia, esifundeni sase-Amur. Wakha izidleke ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu, emigodini yezihlahla ezindala, emifantwini yamawa amatshe.
Ukuqala kabusha kweSiberia
I-red-bellied redstart. Phakathi kwezihlobo, le nyoni inkulu ngosayizi. Umbala ufana nezinhlobo zaseSiberia, kepha izimpaphe zikhanya ngokugqamile. Owesilisa oqala kabusha ngesifuba esibomvu ngokubomvu namabala amhlophe ezinhlangothini zamaphiko. Insikazi ayinazo izindawo ezikhanyayo. ERussia, itholakala ezintabeni zeCentral Caucasus, eSouth Siberia. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi - emahlathini e-sea buckthorn, emfuleni willow.
I-red-bellied redstart
I-redstart coot. Inyoni encane, ehamba kakhulu futhi emnandi. Umbala okhanyayo, ukwakheka okuncane nokuma okunempilo kudonsela ukunakekela kubahlali bamapaki, izingadi, ihlane lasehlathini.
I-redstart coot
Ukuzamazama okuqhubekayo komsila obomvu, imilenze ephakeme, izindiza ezivamile zivela ku-coot. Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngendawo emhlophe esiphongweni sayo.Ukucula ukuqala kabusha i-sonorous, yinhle, inezakhi zokulingisa ekugcineni. Izingoma zokuqala zempandla ekuntweleni kokunye kwesinye isikhathi ziyadideka nama-nightingale trill.
Lalela izwi le-redstart coot
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi be-redstart bubanzi, budlula endaweni yaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, e-Asia naseYurophu. Izinyoni zichitha ubusika eningizimu yebanga, kuthi lapho kufika intwasahlobo zibuyele eYurophu. Ukufika kwezinyoni kuncike ekufudumaleni nasekubukeni kwesisekelo sokudla - ubuningi bezinambuzane ezingadini, emapaki, ezindaweni zamahlathi.
Ama-redstarts agwema izindawo ezincanyana; ukubukeka kwawo ehlathini-emathafeni akunakwenzeka. Izindawo zabo abazithandayo amapaki amadala anezihlahla eziyize. Inani lezinyoni zasemadolobheni livame ukudlula izinyoni zasehlathini.
I-redstart ikhetha ukuhlala yodwa, ngakho-ke izinyoni zihlala zodwa. Amaqembu akhiwa kuphela uma ukudla kunqwabelana endaweni eyodwa. I-redstart ngayinye inesiza ngasinye.
Kuze kube nguJulayi, ungezwa ukucula kwabo okumnandi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Abesilisa abasebasha bacula ngaphezu kwabanye. Ukucula kwabo kuhlala cishe ubusuku nemini. Kamuva, izinyoni ziyathula. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti i-redstart iba nesikhathi sonyaka. Ngokufika kwekwindla, izinyoni zindiza zize ziye ebusika ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zohlobo lwazo - amazwe ase-Afrika, ziye e-Peninsula yase-Arabia.
Ukubukwa kwama-redstarts kukhombisa ukuthi bayathanda ukwakha izidleke ezingadini ezindlini ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ezihlahleni ezide. Abesilisa bafika kuqala ukuhlala phansi bakhombise abesifazane abafikayo bakulungele ukuhlangana.
Imisila ekhanyayo, njengezibani, iyenga lo mbhangqwana uye endaweni yokwakha isidleke. Lokhu kukhanga kwezinyoni ngabalimi kunenzuzo enkulu. Isivuno esizayo sivikelekile ezinambuzaneni ezinambuzane: amacimbi, omiyane, amaqabunga amabhungane. Ukusondelana nabantu akuzikhathazi izinyoni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Enhliziyweni yokudla kwama-redstarts, njengabo bonke ababamba izimpukane, izinambuzane. Lesi sici senza izinyoni zabavikeli abangangatshazwa bamahlathi, amapaki nezingadi. Ngesizini eyodwa, i-redstart ibhubhisa inqwaba yamabhungane, izintuthwane, izimbungulu, amabhungane omswani, izimpukane, omiyane kanye nezibungu zabo. Izinyoni zizingela, njengokujwayelekile, endizeni, zigwinya izinambuzane ezindizayo emoyeni. Ukubamba inyamazane endizeni kujwayelekile kakhulu kwabesilisa.
Abesifazane beRedstart bakhetha ukuzingela ukudla komhlaba kusuka emagqumeni, bahlala emagatsheni aphansi ezitshalo, iziqongo zezakhiwo. Njengoba sezikubonile ukudla kwazo, izinyoni zitshuza zibheke ebusweni bomhlaba ukuze zithole izicabucabu, imisundu, imibungu, iminenke, amacimbi.
Ukunikezwa kokudla kwama-redstarts kwehluke kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, kunezelwa ukudla kwezitshalo ekudleni. Izinyoni zidla amajikijolo ehlathi nensimu, zitshala imbewu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bayathanda i-elderberry, i-currant, okusajingijolo.
Inqubo yokuthola ukudla, ukuyidla iyathakazelisa. Izinyoni zihlola iziqu, imifantu, zibone ukuhamba kwamagatsha namaqabunga. Isisulu esibanjiwe asimuncwa ngokushesha, sidluliselwa endaweni ephephile yokudla.
I-redstart isebenza ngezinambuzane ezinkulu ngezigaba. Okokuqala, igxuma ngoqhwaku lwayo bese iluphonsa ukusuka phezulu ukuphazamisa inyamazane. Bese eyisika ibe yizicucu. Ezintethe ezincane, izinambuzane ezigijimayo, imilenze iyancinwa ngaphambi kokudla.
AmaRedstarts anakekela kakhulu ekondleni izingane zawo. Ngomlomo wabo, baqala ukugaya ukudla esimweni se-mushy, bese bethumela amajikijolo noma izinambuzane ezicutshunguliwe emilonyeni yezindlalifa. Amachwane aminyene ahlukumeza abazali aze akhathale ngokomzimba. Abazali bavakashela isidleke kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-500 ngosuku, beletha ukudla okuqoshiwe ngomlomo wabo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukufika kwentwasahlobo kwama-redstarts okwakha izidleke kwenzeka maphakathi no-Ephreli. Okokuqala, kuvela abesilisa, kulandelwe izilwane ezincane, abesifazane abagcina ukufinyelela. Umsebenzi wabesilisa ukuthola indawo engcono yesidleke esizayo. Umzabalazo uqala phakathi kwabesilisa ngobukhulu ekuthathweni kwezindawo ezithokomele. Indoda idonsa indawo yayo, ivikele, ibize insikazi ngezingoma zokubiza endaweni ephakeme.
Amaqanda aqala kabusha
Ezidlekeni zesikhathi esizayo, izinyoni zikhetha imigodi emidala, amagatsha ezihlahla aminyene, zihlukane phakathi kwezimpande ezivelayo, iziqobosho ezihlahleni zokhuni, izindawo ezicashile ezingemuva kokufakwa kwamabhilidi. Imigede engajulile kanye ne-attics nakho kuheha ukuqala kabusha okuyimfihlo.
Izingcezu zamagxolo, amagatsha omile, amaqabunga, imicu etholwe izinyoni, izintambo, izingcezu zendwangu, izicucu zephepha ziba yinto yokwakha. I-rookery ngaphakathi igcwele ubulembu, izingcezu zoboya, uboya bekotini, izimpaphe. Isidleke sihlala simbozwe ngaphandle ngophahla, amagatsha, afihliwe ekubukeni ngamehlo. Njengomthetho, indawo yokukhosela itholakala ngengozi, icashile kahle.
NgoMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqediwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi awukho umsindo, noma ukusondelana komuntu, noma iphunga eliphazamisa isigaba esibalulekile empilweni yezinyoni. Ngokushesha, i-clutch yamaqanda ama-5-8 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhiwa. Owesifazane ubandakanyeka kakhulu ekufukameleni inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Owesilisa ngezikhathi ezithile ungene esikhundleni sakhe ngalesi sikhathi. Ukufukamela kwamaqanda kuthatha amasonto ama-2.
Lapho amaphuphu echanyuselwa, ukukhathazeka kwabazali kuyanda. Amaviki ama-2-3, aqhubeka ngokuzingela futhi aletha ukudla ematshwele anganeliseki. AmaRedstarts ngabazali abakhathalelayo.
Amaqanda aqala kabusha
Akukona nje ukuqondana kwezinto ukuthi izinkukhu ziphonsa amaqanda azo ezidlekeni zazo. Ngamunye i-redstart chick wondliwe, noma ngabe kuvela ukuthi uyisisekelo. Ukunakekela osikhokho kuyafana nezinyoni zomdabu.
Ukondla amaphuphu kuhlala ngisho nangemva kokundiza kokuqala kwamachwane esidlekeni. Abazali abakhathazekile bakhombisa ukukhathazeka kuze kube yilapho ingane imi ngokuqinile ephikweni bese iqala ukuzulazula ehlathini iyodwa ifuna ukudla. Kungemva kwalokho kuphela lapho umndeni uhlukana khona. Le nqubo ivame ukuhlala inyanga yonke.
Phakathi nenkathi, ama-redstarts akwazile ukuqala i-clutch entsha yamaqanda okwesibili futhi aqhubeke nendlela yabazali futhi ngokunakekela okufanayo okuthinta amazinyane. Izilwane ezincane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Amachwane weBlack Redstart
Izimo ezithandekayo zivumela ama-redstarts ukuthi aphile iminyaka eyi-7-9. Kukhona icala elaziwayo lokuphila isikhathi eside - iminyaka engu-9.5. Ukuba ekuthunjweni kuvame ukufinyeza ubukhona babo. Kuyabonakala ukuthi lezi zinyoni ziyayithanda inkululeko.
Ngo-2015, i-redstart, njengenye yezinyoni ezisabalele kakhulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwabantu, yamenyezelwa njengeNyoni Yonyaka eRussia. Ukulondolozwa kokwehlukahlukana kwezinhlobo nenani lezinyoni kungumsebenzi ojwayelekile wabathandi bemvelo.
