I-Ural inqoba izazi zangempela zobuhle ngobuhle bayo obukhulu nengcebo: imifula emsulwa, amachibi e-crystal, izimpophoma ezinhle, imigede engahloliwe. Izilwane ze-Urals emelwe tundra, ihlathi kanye asemaqeleni izilwane.
Izimo zabo zokuhlala, kanye nokwabiwa kwezindawo, kuncike ngokuphelele ekunyakazeni kwezintaba nasezintabeni. Izwe lezilwane e-Urals lihlukile kwezinye izifunda ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni zezintaba, kufaka phakathi i-bustard, i-crane, ukhozi lwe-steppe, i-partridge, i-lark enezimpondo, i-harrier, i-belladonna.
Izilwane ze-Ural - laba bameleli abahlukahlukene bezilwane zezilwane, incazelo yazo engathatha isikhathi eside. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalesi sihloko, mhlawumbe sizobheka izilwane eziteleka kakhulu kulesi sifunda esihle ngempela ezweni lethu.
Izilwane ze-Subpolar Urals
I-Subpolar Ural ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yezintaba ezidumile zase-Ural. Nali iphuzu labo eliphakeme kakhulu - iNtaba iNarodnaya. Njengamanje, izilwane zalesi sifunda zimbi kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngemuva kokuqothulwa nokuqothulwa cishe kwazo zonke izilwane ezinkulu ngempela, okuwukuphela kwesilwane esikhulu lapha yi-reindeer, enabantu bayo abasengozini yokuqothulwa.
Hlanganisa ulwelwesi, izimpungushe zase-Arctic, izimpisi, ama-partridges, ama-chipmunks, ama-badger nama-hares atholakala emithambekeni esempumalanga ye-Subpolar Urals. Amabhere ansundu nawo ahlala lapha - amandla amakhulu ezilwane hhayi zalesi sifunda kuphela, kodwa nezwe lonke. Abamele umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi - i-pike, i-herring, i-pyzhyan, ushizi.
Impungushe yase-Arctic
Izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziyizihlobo ezincane zezimpungushe. Ubude babo buhluka kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-70 cm, kanti isisindo sabo sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-8 kg.
Lezi zilwane ezincane zinezinwele ezimhlophe ezinsundu. Uboya bempungushe yase-Arctic busifudumeza ngokuphelele lesi silwane lapho kubanda. Ziphila ngokudla noma yini eziyitholayo. Ngezikhathi zendlala, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zidla imvuthuluka yezilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo.
I-Reindeer
Ungahlangana naye kaningi. Iningi lalezi zilwane lifuyiselwe lapha. Zakha ingcebo enkulu yabantu bendawo. Uma sikhuluma ngefomu lasendle le-reindeer, khona-ke lawa izilwane ze-Subpolar Urals manje seziqothulwe ngokuphelele.
Abantu abaningi basenyakatho yePlanethi yoMhlaba babekhona ngenxa yalesi silwane esihle kakhulu: i-reindeer inika umuntu ukudla nesikhumba sezingubo, futhi iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuhamba ezimweni zezimo ezisemgwaqeni ezisemgwaqeni ezisemgwaqeni.
Ubude, lezi zilwane zifinyelela kumamitha amabili. Ukuphakama kwezinyamazane lapho kubuna kuyimitha eli-1. Ijazi le-reindeer likhulu, lide, li-wavy. Inombala onsundu ngokusobala kubantu basekhaya kanti mpunga kwezasendle.
Isici esihlukile se-reindeer ukuba khona kwezimpondo hhayi kwabesilisa kuphela, kepha nakwabesifazane. Izinselo zamaReindeer zibanzi, ezivumela ukuba zingaweli eqhweni. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amaxhama mahle njengezihlobo zawo, izinyamazane ezibomvu. Ama-reindeer anemilenze emifushane, imisila emincane, kanti ngezinye izikhathi abesilisa baba namazinyo emihlathini engenhla.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-reindeer efuywayo ingumqondo ojwayelekile kakhulu. Lesi silo sihlala sisendle njalo: ukwengamela okuncane komnikazi - futhi indoda ebukekayo, efuywayo ebusayo iyaganga futhi.
Ngeshwa, i-reindeer yasendle kungekudala ingabelana ngesiphetho sezinkabi ze-musk, amahhashi asendle, i-bison kanye ne-saigas, okwake kwaba nobhejane bangaphambi komlando kanye nawo wonke ama-mammoth aziwayo ahlala endaweni yangasese eningi.
Izilwane zase-Southern Urals
Ihlanganisa amahlathi, i-steppe kanye ne-tundra vegetation zones. Umhlaba ocebile wezimbali ze-Southern Urals wenze ukuthi kube lula ukuthi izilwane ezincane nezingavamile zisinde kule nsimu. Ikakhulukazi, lapha kukhona abamele izindawo asemaqeleni: ama-voles, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, ama-jerboas, ama-hamsters, ama-steppe marmots.
Izilwane zase-Southern Urals amelwe yizimpisi, amabhere ansundu, izingwejeje, izimpungushe ezibandayo, amasabuli, ama-hazel grouse, ama-grouse ezinkuni, ama-lark anezimpondo kanye ne-reindeer. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha omele izimpondo ze-Subpolar Urals wathuthela esifundeni esiseningizimu ngemuva kokuhamba kwezimila.
Ibhere elinsundu
Lezi zilwane zikuyo yonke indawo lapha, kodwa ngenhlanhla akuvamile ukuzibona. Isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile siyahluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 quintals. Ngokuvamile, ibhere limele kabanzi izilwane, hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezilwane zase-Southern Urals, kodwa kukonke kukho konke nezilwane zase-Urals.
Ngendlela, kunzima ukubiza ibhere ngomzingeli. Iqiniso ngukuthi lawa ma-heavyweights anoboya angama-omnivores: adla inyama nenhlanzi, kanye noju nezithelo zamahlathi.
Ekwindla, amabhere ansundu athola amafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba kanye nobusika. Amabhere angazange akhuluphale ngokuwa futhi angazange alale ebusika aba yimikhonto. Amabhere ansundu aseNingizimu Ural, njengamanye amabhere ansundu, akha imigodi endaweni eyomile - ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezisontekile.
Sable
Phakathi kwezilwane zale ndawo kungahlukaniswa okuthiwa "iparele le-taiga yaseSiberia" - i-sable. Lesi silwane siyisiqholo selizwe laseRussia, kusukela ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRussia besiyisisekelo somcebo wezinwele wezwe. Isilwane esidlayo nesinesibindi. Usuku olulodwa, isilwane sikwazi ukuhamba ibanga elikhulu lamakhilomitha amaningi. Ngokuzithandela ukhwela ezihlahleni, kodwa uhamba phansi.
Lesi silwane sizingela ngezindlela ezahlukene. Njengekati, angahlala acathamele futhi aqaphe igundane, noma angazijaha ngenkani le nyamazane ye-musk eqhweni elixegayo lize liphume. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwesibhakela ngamagundane amancane. USable uvame ukuzingela izinyoni ezinkulu, inhlanzi, izingwejeje, ngisho nezihlobo zayo ezincane - i-ermine ne-Siberian weasel. Sable ibuye idle amajikijolo we-lingonberry, blueberry, mountain ash, pine cones.
Izilwane ze-Urals Ephakathi
Cishe yonke insimu yama-Urals Ephakathi isendaweni yehlathi. Kuhlala izilwane nezinyoni, eziguqulwe ngokuphelele ukuba zikhona emahlathini e-coniferous: ama-wolverines, amakholomu, ama-sables, ama-chipmunks, i-grouse emnyama, i-grouse yokhuni, i-hazel grouse. Azikho izilwane ezinkulu, ngaphandle kwezinyamazane. Kepha ama-elks asevele ethathiwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa ngenxa yokwehla kwabantu bawo.
I-reindeer yasendle ingatholakala ebhaneni eliphezulu lezintaba ze-Middle Urals; amabhere ansundu, ama-martens, ama-lynx, ama-squirrels, ama-hares amhlophe, ama-elks, ama-moles, izikhova zokhozi, ama-woodpeckers, ama-bullfinches, ama-tits, ama-cuckoos ahlala ehlathini. Emahlathini ase-taiga ase-Middle Urals, ama-amphibians kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zimbalwa ngesibalo: amaxoxo otshani, izinyoka ezivamile, izibankwa ezi-viviparous.
Ezindaweni ezinamahlathi asemahlathini ase-Middle Urals, ungahlangana nezimpisi, izimpungushe, ama-ermines, ama-weasel, ama-hawk. Ama-minks aseYurophu, ama-otter, nama-voles amanzi ahlala ngasogwini lwemifula nasezigodini. Emaxhaphozini ungathola izinyoni zasemanzini: amadada, amahansi asendle, ama-partridges, ama-waders.
Emthambekeni osentshonalanga we-Middle Urals, kukhona abameleli abajwayelekile bamahlathi ahlabayo: amakhwaya ehlathi, ama-hedgehogs, ama-badger, ama-hares, ama-orioles, ama-finches, ama-nightingales, ama-goldfinches, ama-siskins, ama-starlings nama-rook. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zimelwe ngamaseles, izintuthwane nezinyoka ezingenabuthi.
I-Lynx
Omele okukhanyayo izilwane zase-Urals Ephakathi - i-lynx. Leli kati elikhulu alidluli usayizi wenja ejwayelekile, alikho ngaphezu kwemitha eli-1 ubude, futhi isisindo salo singeqi ku-17 kg. Ngokusho kokubona kwezazi zezilwane zaseSiberia nase-Ural, isifonyo se-lynx sibukeka sithakazelisa kakhulu: i-mesentery eqinile ebeka isifonyo esiphaphathekile, izindlebe ezinomusa ezinezinsimbi nokubukeka kokuzikhukhumeza.
Maye, isifonyo kuphela esithathwa njengomusa ku-lynx. Umzimba waleli kati awubangi ukuncoma okukhulu: imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu, engaphambili imfishane kakhulu, umsila mncane, sengathi unqunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lynx inemilenze ebanzi kakhulu. Isakhiwo esinjalo esingenangqondo siletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ku-lynx: isilwane sishintshelwe ngokuphelele hhayi kokujwayelekile, kepha nasezimeni zokuphila ezisenyakatho.
Isibonelo, izidladla ezibanzi zisiza lesi silwane ukuba sigcine kahle eqhweni ngenkathi sijaha inyamazane enkulu - unogwaja. Izindlebe ze-lynx akuzona nje umhlobiso, kodwa uhlobo lwe-antenna yokudlulisela esiza ikati ukuzwa imisindo ethule kakhulu.
I-Lynx iyiqiniso isilwane sasendle se-Urals... Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona leli kati. Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-lynx yizidalwa eziqaphile, zizingela ekuseni kakhulu noma ekupheleni kosuku. AmaLynx, njengamahlosi, angabazingeli abodwa. Indawo yokuzingela iyindawo emakwe ngaphambilini.
Unogwaja waseYurophu nonogwaja omhlophe
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zamabhulukwe anendlebe ende izilwane zase-Urals Ephakathi... Zombili lezi zimvu zombala zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga ehlobo, kanti ebusika unogwaja omhlophe ushintsha ngokungazelelwe ijazi lawo elimpunga libe mhlophe njengeqhwa. URusak uhlala mpunga nsundu unyaka wonke. I-Belyaks, njengomthetho, ingabantu abahlala ehlathini, kuyilapho abahlala onogwaja behlala emaqeleni nasemasimini.
Umvundla
Emini, unogwaja uyalala, kuthi ebusuku uhambe uyofuna ukudla. Leligwala elinamalebe amade lidla amagxolo ezihlahla. "Izisulu" zakhe azithandayo yi-aspen encane, i-birch, willow. Amakhekhe amhlophe ahamba kalula eqhweni elijulile. Lapho unogwaja egxuma, yena, njengesikwele, uletha imilenze yakhe yangemuva phambili phambili.
Izindwangu zaseYurophu azivumelaniswanga nobusika njengoba zinjalo. Isibonelo, lapho iqhwa lokuqala liwela emhlabathini, unogwaja akakwazi ukufika ezitshalweni zasebusika, kufanele agxumele kubantu abasezivandeni nasezivandeni zemifino - ukuqukula iziphunzi zeklabishi. Uma zingekho iziphunzi, izimpahla ezinsundu zigxuma ngejubane eligcwele ziye ezitsheni zotshani. Imvamisa lezi zilwane zilimaza izihlahla zama-apula ezincane ngokugedla amagxolo kuzo.
Umvundla
Izilwane zase-Northern Urals
Insimu ye-Northern Urals ifaka amahlathi aminyene we-taiga, amaxhaphozi kanye nezimfunda ezingaphansi kotshani obude. Izilwane zase-Northern Urals - lezi zinhlobo ezijwayelekile emahlathini aseYurophu naseSiberia. Abamele abajwayelekile bezinhlobo ze-Arctic ngokuvamile bahlala ezinkangala.
E-taiga yase-Northern Urals, kukhona amabhere ansundu, izinyoni ezinsundu, izimpungushe, ama-moose, ama-reindeer, ama-lynx, ama-wolverine, ama-ermine, ama-beavers, ama-grouse amnyama, i-capercaillie, ama-hazel grouse, amadada, ama-partridges. Futhi, ama-martens, ama-sables, ama-weasel, ama-marten neziphambano ezinama-sable - izinso, ama-otter - azivumelanise nezimo ezinzima zase-North Ural. I-Otter ne-badger - izilwane ezingavamile ze-Urals.
Emahlathini ase-taiga ase-Middle Urals, ungezwa i-crossbill ne-nutcracker. Amantombazane lapha mhlawumbe angomunye wabamele abaphambili bale ndawo. Eziqongweni zezihlahla ungabona ubuhle obuziqhenyayo - izinkunzi zezinkunzi kanye nokuhleleka okukhulu kwamahlathi e-taiga - ama-woodpeckers.
Izilwane zale ndawo nazo zimelwe yizinhlobonhlobo zamagundane amancane. Lapha ungathola amagundane, ama-voles ehlathi, kanye namagundane ezingane. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni - izigaxa - zihlala emthunzini weziqu zemithi.
I-Wolverine
Lo mmeli we-oda lezilwane ezidlayo wathola igama elidumile elithi "glutton", "skunk bear", "idemoni lasenyakatho". I-Wolverines ingabazingeli abanolaka kakhulu futhi abanamandla kakhulu bomndeni weasel. Ngaphandle, lezi zilwane zibukeka njengamabhere amancane anemisila eluhlaza. Ubude, ama-wolverine aweqi kumitha eli-1, futhi anesisindo esingeqile ku-15 kg.
Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obulingene, lezi zilwane ezidlayo ziyakwazi ukudiliza impisi noma ukushayela i-lynx yabantu abadala esihlahleni ngokuluma kanye. I-wolverine iyakwazi ukubamba i-reindeer noma i-elk, igxume ngemuva kwalesi silwane bese iluma ngenkani entanyeni kuze kube yilapho isidumbu esikhulu se-artiodactyl siwela phansi.
Futhi, imenyu ye-wolverine ingama-squirrels, hares, izimpungushe. Lezi zidliwayo zingaziqhayisa ngokoma kwegazi ebusika kuphela. Ehlobo, ama-wolverine aziphatha ngendlela enesizotha ekukhetheni ukudla: adla izidumbu, amaqanda ezinyoni, izibungu zezinambuzane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, kanye namabhere ansundu, kudla amantongomane, amajikijolo nezithelo.
UMiddendorf vole
Lesi silwane esincelisayo esincane esivela ku-oda wamagundane singatholakala emigodini ye-moss enyakatho ye-Ural tundra. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungu-13 cm, umsila ubude bungu-3.5 cm Ehlobo, ama-void kaMiddendorf adla iziqu zama-sedge namaqabunga, kanti ebusika - izingxenye zezimpande.
Ebusika, benza amalungiselelo ama-rhizomes. Ama-Voles, njengomthetho, akha izidleke ezihlahleni ze-blueberry nasezintabeni ze-carp birch ezindaweni eziphansi.
U-Elk
Njengamanje, ama-Urals awacabangeki ngaphandle kwesigebenga esivela emndenini wezinyamazane - i-elk. Lawa ma-artiodactyls amakhulu, anemilenze emide awavami ukutholakala emahlathini asenyakatho ye-Ural. Ubude bomzimba womuntu wesilisa omdala okungenani bube ngamamitha ama-3, kanti ukuphakama kokushona kufika kumamitha angu-2.7. Lezi zimidondoshiya zinesisindo esisuka ku-2.5 kuye ku-5.8 centner.
Ama-moose amaduna abonakala kalula ngezimpondo ezinkulu, ezinamagatsha abesifazane abangenazo. Njengasezikhathini zasendulo, kulezi zinsuku bazama ukufuya ama-moose. ERussia kukhona ngisho namapulazi akhethekile ama-moose lapho kufuywa khona lezi zidlakela ezinamadlavu ahlukene. Futhi, kufanele ngivume, hhayi ngeze.
Lezi zilwane zibukeka zingenangqondo ngandlela thile: imilenze yazo ecijile zibukeka zincane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nomzimba wazo omkhulu. Umsila omfushane ngokuvamile awubonakali. Izindlebe ze-moose zinkulu, namehlo amancane. Ikhala liyamenyezelwa futhi lihle, entanyeni kukhona ukuphuma kwesikhumba esithambile - "icici". Naphezu kwalokhu kubonakala, i-elk iyilungu elikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini wezinyamazane futhi ingumphathi wamahlathi namaxhaphozi ongenakuphikiswa.
Izilwane zeRed Book of the Urals
Ngakho-ke, iRed Book of the Urals ayikho. Isifunda ngasinye sineNcwadi yaso ebomvu. Empeleni, akunzima ukudala uhlu olujwayelekile lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile nezisengozini yawo wonke ama-Urals esewonke, kepha kuzongeza okuncane kumarejista wesifunda, futhi ukuze unikeze usizo olusebenzayo, kusazodingeka ukugxila kumazinga wendawo.
Izilwane zeRed Book of the Urals - lawa ngamalulwane (ilulwane lamanzi, ilulwane le-baleen, ilulwane ledamu, i-kozhok esenyakatho, njll.), kanye namagundane (i-squirrel endizayo, i-dormouse yensimu, i-hamster yase-Dzungarian, i-lemming yehlathi, i-jerboa enkulu, i-grey hamster). Ake sicabangele ezinye izinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe.
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile
Lo mmeleli we-oda lezilwane ezinambuzane ubhalwe ku-Red Book yeSifunda saseSverdlovsk. Lezi zilwane zidla izinambuzane eziningi nama-slugs, okuyingozi kuwo womabili amahlathi kanye neziza zengadi.
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe, ingenye yezilwane ezimbalwa ezivumela umuntu ukuthi asondele kakhulu kuye. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka, akunjalo, ngoba i-hedgehog ingumuntu onesibindi, kepha ngenxa yokungaboni kahle kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, ama-hedgehogs akhetha ukuncika ephunga lawo. Kepha amakhala abo avame ukwehluleka: uma umoya uphambana nohlangothi oluhlukile, lezi zilwane azikwazi ukubona ukusondela komuntu noma kwesilwane kuzo.
Lezi zinambuzane zizingela ebusuku. Ekuzingeleni, i-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esinexhala futhi esishesha. Isilwane asiqedi nje kuphela izinambuzane eziyingozi, kepha futhi asikunaki ukudla izinyoka ezinobuthi. Ngendlela, ubuthi benyoka abunamphumela ku-hedgehog evamile.
Naphezu kwameva ayo, i-hedgehog ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuvikelwa okugcwele ezitheni, enezinqwaba zazo: izikhova ezinkulu, izikhova zokhozi, izigaxa, izimpungushe futhi-ke, nomuntu owenza konke ukwenza inani lalesi silokazane sengozini.
UMuskrat
Isici somuntu, okungukuhaha komuntu, yisizathu esenza lezi zilwane zisengcupheni yokushabalala. Lapho inani labo labantu lisezingeni elifanele, owesilisa waqothulwa kakhulu ngenxa yoboya babo obuhle futhi obubalulekile. Ukuzalela i-muskrat ngenhloso efanayo kube nomthelela ekufudukisweni kwe-desman ezindaweni zabo zemvelo.
Ikati lezintaba
Lesi silwane eRed Book esifundeni sase-Orenburg sabelwa isigaba esingeyona ingozi kakhulu №3. Ukubanjwa kwamakati asezintabeni yizinyoni namagundane amancane. Isikhathi sasebusika, njengoba wazi, yisikhathi esinzima sezilwane zasendle zase-Urals. Amakati we-steppe, uma engekho isisulu, angazulazula kubantu ukuze azuze, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinkukhu.
Iminki yaseYurophu
NgokweRed Data Book yaseChelyabinsk Region, i-mink yaseYurophu ibhalwe esigabeni No. 1, naseRed Data Book yaseBashkortostan, lesi silwane sivela esigabeni No. 2. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-mink yaseYurophu ayikho ngokuphelele eRed Data Book yesiFunda sePerm.
