Indaba yejuba elizulazulayo isitshela ukuthi izinhlobo ezikhulayo zingasheshe zinyamalale kanjani. Behlukile kwabanye ngezimpaphe ezibomvu zentamo nangemuva okwesibhakabhaka okunezinhlangothi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakukhona abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Ngo-1914, akekho noyedwa owayenjalo.
Amajuba azulazulayo aqala ukubulawa ngobuningi, ngoba ukubaluleka kokudluliswa kwezincwadi nezinyoni kulahlekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, abampofu babedinga inyama emnandi futhi engabizi, futhi abalimi babedinga ukususa inqwaba yezinyoni ezidla emasimini abo.
Ngekhulu lama-20, iBlack Book yadalwa. Kubandakanya ijuba elizulazulayo nezinye izinhlobo ezingasekho. Vula amakhasi.
Izilwane ezingasekho kuleli khulu leminyaka
Ubhejane omnyama waseCameroon
Isikhumba sesilwane simpunga. Kodwa izindawo lapho obhejane baseCameroon batholakala khona zimnyama. Bethanda ukuwela odakeni, abamele izilwane zase-Afrika bathola umbala ofanayo.
Kukhona nobhejane abamhlophe. Basindile ngoba banolaka kunezihlobo zabo eziwile. Izilwane ezimnyama zazizingelwa ngokuyinhloko njengezisulu ezilula. Ummeleli wokugcina walolu hlobo washona ngo-2013.
Uphawu Caribbean
ECaribbean, wayewukuphela kommeleli womndeni wezimpawu. Kuvulwe ngo-1494. Lona ngunyaka uColumbus avakashele ngawo ugu lwaseSanto Domingo. Noma kunjalo, iCaribbean yaxhuma isizungu esincanyelwayo, igcinwe kude nezindawo zokuhlala. Abantu bohlobo oluthile abangeqi ngamasentimitha angama-240 ngobude.
Incwadi yesilwane esimnyama ukhuluma ngezimpawu zaseCaribbean kusukela ngo-2008. Lona ngunyaka abamenyezelwayo abamenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi sebengasekho. Kodwa-ke, abakaze bambone kusukela ngo-1952. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, indawo lapho kwakuhlala khona uphawu kwakuthathwa njengengaziwa, ngethemba lokuthi bazohlangana naye namanje.
ITaiwan yagcwala ingwe
Kwakugcwele eTaiwan, akwenzekanga ngaphandle kwayo. Kusukela ngo-2004, lesi silwane esidlayo asikaze sitholakale ndawo. Lesi silwane sasingama-subspecies engwe enamafu. Abantu bomdabu baseTaiwan babebheka izingwe zendawo njengemimoya yokhokho babo. Uma kuneqiniso elithile enkolelweni, akukho kusekelwa kwenye indawo manje.
Ngethemba lokuthola izingwe zaseTaiwan, ososayensi bafake amakhamera we-infrared ayi-13,000 ezindaweni zabo. Iminyaka engu-4 akekho noyedwa omele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo owangena kumalensi.
IsiShayina paddlefish
Ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-7 ubude. Kwakuyinhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emfuleni. Imihlathi yesilwane yagoqeka yaba uhlobo lwenkemba yaphenduka yabheka eceleni. Abamele lezi zinhlobo batholakala ezindaweni ezingenhla zeYangtze. Yilapho lapho i-paddlefish yokugcina yabonwa khona ngoJanuwari 2003.
I-Chinese paddlefish ibinobudlelwano nama-sturgeon, futhi iphila impilo yokudla.
IPyrenean ibex
Umuntu wokugcina ushone ngo-2000. Njengoba igama lisho, lesi silwane sasihlala ezintabeni zaseSpain naseFrance. Kakade eminyakeni yama-80, kwakukhona i-ibex eyi-14 kuphela. Lezi zinhlobo kwaba ezokuqala ukuzama ukuzibuyisela zisebenzisa i-cloning. Kodwa-ke, amakhophi ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo afa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuvuthwa.
Imbuzi yezimbuzi yokugcina yayihlala eNtabeni iPerdido. Kusehlangothini lwaseSpain lwamaPyrenees. Ezinye izazi zezilwane ziyenqaba ukubheka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane seziphelile. Impikiswano ukuhlanganiswa kwamaPyrenees asele nezinye izinhlobo ze-ibex yomdabu. Lokho wukuthi, sikhuluma ngokulahleka kokuhlanzeka kwabantu, hhayi ukunyamalala kwabo.
Ihlengethwa lomfula waseChina
Lezi izilwane ezibalwe encwadini emnyama, kwathiwa azisekho ngonyaka ka-2006. Iningi labantu lashona, libhajwe emanetheni okudoba. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, kwase kusele amahlengethwa omfula amaShayina ayi-13. Ekupheleni kuka-2006, ososayensi bathatha umkhankaso wokubala okusha, kodwa abasitholanga isilwane esisodwa.
ElaseShayina lehluke kwamanye amahlengethwa omfula ngesiphetho salo sangemuva esifana nefulegi. Ubude besilwane bufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-160, sisisindo sisuka ku-100 kuye ku-150 kilograms.
Izilwane ezaqothulwa ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka
Isigaxa segolide
Igolide liqanjwe ngenxa yemibala yabesilisa bezinhlobo. Babephuzi ngokuphelele ophuzi. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo zamakwa. Umbala ojwayelekile wabesifazane wawusondele ku-brindle. Abesifazane nabo beyehluka ngosayizi, ngokuba mkhulu kunabesilisa.
Isigaxa segolide sasihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseCosta Rica. Ubuntu sebazi izinhlobo zezilwane cishe iminyaka engama-20. Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-toad yegolide yachazwa ngo-1966. Ngama-90s, izilwane seziyekile ukwenzeka emvelweni.
UReobatrachus
Elinye isele elase liphelile elalihlala e-Australia. Ngaphandle ayibukeki, ithoni yexhaphozi futhi ngamehlo amakhulu, aqhumayo. Kepha i-rheobatrachus yayinenhliziyo enhle. Abesifazane bagwinya i-caviar, beyiphatha esiswini cishe amasonto amabili ngaphandle kokudla. Ngakho-ke amasele avikela inzalo ekuhlaselweni yizilwane. Lapho kufika ihora, kwazalwa amaxoxo, aphuma emlonyeni kamama.
U-rheobatrachus wokugcina washona ngo-1980.
UTecopa
Le yinhlanzi, echazwe ngo-1948 nguRobert Miller. Lezi zinhlobo kwathiwa azisekho ngonyaka ka-1973. Lokhu kwaba ukuqashelwa kokuqala okusemthethweni kokulahleka kwesilwane. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, uhlu lwabantu abamnyama lwalungekho.
UTecopa wayeyinhlanzi encane, ngokoqobo ngamasentimitha angu-5-10 ubude. Lezi zinhlobo zazingeyona inzuzo yezentengiselwano, kepha zahlukanisa izilwane.
I-cougar yaseMpumalanga
Kwakungu-subspecies we-cougar yaseNyakatho Melika. Isifanekiso sokugcina sadutshulwa ngo-1938. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwacaca kuphela kuleli khulu leminyaka. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70s, lolu hlobo lwaluthathwa njengolusengozini, futhi lwabonwa njengolulahlekile ngo-2011 kuphela.
Eqinisweni, ama-cougars asempumalanga awazange ahluke kulawo asentshonalanga, ahluke kubo kuphela endaweni yabo yokuhlala.
Thylacina
Incwadi Emnyama Yezilwane Ezingasekho imelela isilo njengehlosi laseTasmania. Igama libangelwa ukutholakala kwemivimbo eguqukayo ngemuva kwesilwane esidlayo. Zimnyama kunethoni eyisisekelo yejazi. Ngaphandle, i-thylacine ibukeka njengempisi noma inja.
Phakathi kwama-marsupial adlayo, wayemkhulu kunabo bonke, wayehlala e-Australia. Kubalimi bezwe, lesi silo sasiyingozi njengoba sasihlasela imfuyo. Ngakho-ke, ama-thylacines adutshulwa ngenkuthalo. Ngo-1888, uhulumeni wase-Australia wamemezela ibhonasi yazo zonke izimpisi ezibulewe. Owokugcina emvelweni wabulawa ngo-1930. Abantu abambalwa bahlala ema-zoo, owokugcina afa ngo-1934.
Bubal
Le yinyamazane yaseNyakatho Afrika. Wayenesisindo esingamakhilogremu angaba ngu-200. Ukuphakama kwesilwane kwakungamasentimitha ayi-120. Futhi kwakuyizimpondo ezimise okwama-lyre ezingamasentimitha angama-70.
UBubal wokugcina ushonele eParis Zoo ngo-1923. Izilwane zadutshulwa ngenyama, izikhumba, izimpondo
Ingwadla
Lokhu kungumdlandla wedube likaBurchell, owayehlala e-Afrika, eningizimu yezwekazi. Ingemuva nangemuva kwe-quagga kwakungathi bay, njengehhashi elijwayelekile. Ikhanda, intamo nengxenye yebhande lehlombe kwakugcwele imivimbo efana neyamadube. Lezi zokugcina zinkulu kancane kunezihlobo zazo ezingasekho.
Inyama ye-quagg ibimnandi futhi isikhumba siqinile. Ngakho-ke, izifiki ezivela eHolland zaqala ukudubula amadube. Ngosizo "lwabo" lolu hlobo lwanyamalala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Ingwe yaseJavanese
Bangihlala esiqhingini saseJava. Ngakho-ke igama le-tiger subspecies. Kulabo abasinda, izidlakela zaseJavane zazifana nezaseSumatran. Kodwa-ke, ezilwaneni ezanyamalala, imivimbo yayingatholakali kaningi, futhi umbala wawunemibala embalwa emnyama.
Izinhlobo zaphela, ngoba bekudubula ngamandla. Abazingeli bakhetha inyamazane elula - imfuyo, ababhujiselwa yona. Ngokwengeziwe, leyo enemigqa yayithakazelisa kubazingeli njengomthombo woboya obubalulekile. Ngezizathu ezifanayo, amahlosi aseBalinese naseTranscaucasian aqothulwa ngekhulu lama-20.
I-Tarpan
Lona ukhokho wamahhashi. AmaTarpan ahlala empumalanga yeYurophu nasentshonalanga ERussia. Incwadi yesilwane esimnyama kulekelelwa yihhashi lasehlathini ngo-1918. ERussia, i-stallion yokugcina yabulawa ngo-1814 esifundeni saseKaliningrad. Badubule amahhashi, ngoba babedla utshani obuvunwe emaqeleni. Bayigundele imfuyo. Lapho amahhashi asendle edla ukudla, ajwayelekile ayelamba.
AmaTarp ayeshesha futhi emancane. Ingxenye yabantu "ebhalisiwe" eSiberia. Ezinye zezinhlobo sezifuyiwe. Ngokwabantu abanjalo, amahhashi anjenge-tarpan azalwa eBelarus. Kodwa-ke, azifani ngokofuzo nokhokho bazo.
IGuadalupe caracara
Leli gama likhombisa indawo ehlala inyoni. Wayehlala esiqhingini saseGuadalupe. Le yinsimu yaseMexico. Ukukhulunywa kokugcina kwe-caracar bukhoma kungomhla ka-1903.
AmaKarakars ayengama-falconry futhi enedumela elibi. Abantu babengakuthandi ukuthi ngisho nezinyoni ezondlekile zahlasela imfuyo, ziyibulale ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa. AmaKarakars abhubhise izihlobo zabo namachwane abo, uma bebuthaka. Lapho nje abalimi bakulesi siqhingi bethola amakhemikhali, baqala ukuqothula i-falconry.
Impisi yeKenai
Wayengumkhulu kunabo bonke phakathi kwezimpisi ze-arctic. Ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubuneni kweqe ngamasentimitha ayi-110. Impisi enjalo ingahlula i-elk, okuyinto ayenzile. Abamele izinhlobo zamaKenai nabo babezingela ezinye izilwane ezinkulu.
Izimpisi zaseKenai zazihlala ogwini lwaseCanada. Ummeleli wokugcina walolu hlobo wabonwa lapho ngo-1910. Impisi yabulawa, njengabanye. Izidlakudla zaseKenai zinomkhuba wokuzingela imfuyo.
Igundane le-steppe kangaroo
Umuntu wokugcina washona ngo-1930. Lesi silwane sasincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-marsupials, sasihlala e-Australia. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isilwane sasibizwa nge-kangaroo yebele.
Igundane lesitebhisi liphele ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Izilwane zahlala ezindaweni eziqhelile, ezingafinyeleleki. Lezi zinhlobo azikwazanga ukumelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezidlayo.
Upholi kaCaroline
Kwakuwukuphela kopholi owakha izidleke eNyakatho Melika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, le nyoni yamenyezelwa njengesitha semithi yezithelo lapho. Opholi badle isivuno. Kwaqala ukudubula okusebenzayo. Ngokwengeziwe, izindawo zemvelo zezinyoni zacekelwa phansi. Ikakhulu, izilwane bezithanda izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinezihlahla zezindiza ezingenalutho.
Upholi wokugcina uCaroline washona ngo-1918. Izidumbu zabamele umhlaba ongasekho zaziluhlaza okwesimaragidu. Entanyeni, umbala waphenduka waba phuzi. Le nyoni yayinezimpaphe eziwolintshi nezibomvu ekhanda layo.
Izilwane ezaqothulwa ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka
Impungushe yaseFalkland
Eziqhingini zaseFalkland, kwakuwukuphela kwesilwane esidla umhlaba. Incwadi Emnyama Yezilwane Ezingasekho ulandisa ukuthi impungushe yakhonkotha njengezinja. Isilwane sasinomlomo obanzi, izindlebe ezincane. Kwakunamabala amhlophe emsileni nasekhaleni lempungushe. Isisu somzingeli naso sasikhanya, kanti emuva nezinhlangothi kwakubomvu ngokubomvu.
Impungushe yaseFalkland yabulawa indoda. Ngawo-1860, amakholoni avela eScotland ahamba ngomkhumbi aya eziqhingini futhi aqala ukufuya izimvu. Izimpungushe zaqala ukuzizingela ngaphandle kokwesaba abantu, ngoba izidlakela zangaphambili zazingenazo izitha zemvelo eziqhingini. Abakholoni baphindisela imihlambi yabo ngokubulala inkohliso yokugcina ngo-1876.
I-kangaroo enezindlebe ezinde
Wazihlukanisa ne-kangaroo ebomvu kanogwaja, eyaba wuphawu lwe-Australia, ngezindlebe ezinde, ukukhula okude kuhlangene nokuzaca nokuncipha.
Lesi silwane sasihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Isifanekiso sokugcina sathathwa ngo-1889.
Impisi ye-Ezo
Wahlala eJapan. Ngaphandle kwemingcele yayo, kwakuvame ukubizwa nge-hokkaido. Siyaxoxa, yiziphi izilwane eziseBlack Book phakathi kwezimpisi ezingasekho, zifana kakhulu nabantu baseYurophu banamuhla, ososayensi bakhumbula kahle lezo. Lezi ezidla ezinye futhi wayenomzimba ejwayelekile, futhi ukuphakama kwaba okufanayo - 110-130 amasentimitha.
U-ezo wokugcina washona ngo-1889. Impisi yadutshulwa yathola umklomelo kuhulumeni. Ngakho-ke iziphathimandla zakusekela ukulima, zivikela izinkomo ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezimpunga.
U-Wingless auk
Ukuqothulwa phakathi nekhulu le-19. Kwakugcwele e-Atlantic. Njengoba yayihlala enyakatho, loon wahlukaniswa ukufudumala kwayo phansi. Ngenxa yakhe, baqothula inyoni. Uphaphe olukhishiwe lwalusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imicamelo.
Le loon engenamaphiko yaqanjwa ngoba yayinemilenze yokundiza engathuthukile. Abakwazanga ukuphakamisela isilwane esikhulu emoyeni. Lokhu kwenze kwaba lula ukuzingela abameleli bezinhlobo.
Ingonyama yaseKapa
Lesi sakamuva sawela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Lezi zinhlobo zazihlala eduze neCape Peninsula, eningizimu ye-Afrika. Uma izingonyama ezijwayelekile zinomhlwenga kuphela ekhanda, eKapa izingonyama zamboza esifubeni nasesiswini. Omunye umehluko ezinhlotsheni kwakuyizeluleko ezimnyama zezindlebe.
Abakholoni abavela eHolland naseNgilandi ababehlala e-Afrika babengaziqondi izinhlobo ezingaphansi zezingonyama, babulala wonke umuntu ngokungakhethi. U-Kapsky, njengomncane kunabo bonke, wawela emashumini ambalwa nje eminyaka.
Ukuhlangana kabusha ufudu omkhulu
Umuntu wokugcina washona ngo-1840. Kuyacaca ukuthi lesi silwane asiphilanga isithombe. Incwadi yesilwane esimnyama ulandisa ukuthi ufudu olukhulu lwalugcwele eReunion. Kuyisiqhingi esisoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya.
Izilwane ezihamba kancane ezingaphezu kwemitha ubude zazingasabi abantu. Isikhathi eside bebengekho nje esiqhingini. Lapho iReunion isilungisiwe, baqala ukuqothula izimfudu, bedla inyama yabo ngokwabo futhi bondla imfuyo, ngokwesibonelo, izingulube.
I-Kyoea
Le nyoni yanyamalala ngo-1859. Lezi zinhlobo zaziyindlala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba abaseYurophu bathole iHawaii, lapho yayihlala khona. Abantu bomdabu baseziqhingini babengazi ngokuba khona kwe-kioea. Abantu baseYurophu abafika bathola le nyoni.
Ngokubona ukuthi kunama-kyoeas ambalwa impela eziqhingini, abahlali abakwazanga ukusindisa lezi zinhlobo futhi namanje abasazi isizathu sokunyamalala kwazo.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-16 leminyaka, inyoni yedodo, ukuvakasha, upholi ongaphambili waseMauritius, insephe ebomvu, imvubu yaseMadagascar imvubu, yashabalala, yahlatshelelwa emavesini nasezinganekwaneni. Ososayensi bathi izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-27 ziyanyamalala minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezishisayo zodwa. Ngokusobala, emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, izinga lokuqothulwa kwabantu lalilincane.
Eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu edlule, amagama angama-830 ezinto eziphilayo asenyamalele. Uma uphindaphinda izinkulungwane ezingama-27 ngo-500, uthola ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-13. Ayikho iNcwadi Emnyama ezokwanela lapha. Okwamanje, ukushicilelwa kuqukethe zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezingasekho, zibuyekezwa, njengeRed Volume, njalo eminyakeni eyishumi.
