Beyond the 65th parallel. I-Arctic iqala lapho. Ithinta imikhawulo esenyakatho ye-Eurasia neMelika, ehlangana neNorth Pole. Ngenkathi ubusika baphakade buthinta kule yokugcina, kunehlobo e-Arctic. Kuyinto yesikhashana, yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane ezingama-20 zisinde. Ngakho-ke, nazi - izakhamuzi zase-Arctic.
Izitshalo ezidliwayo
Ukulimaza
Ngaphandle, asihlukanisi neze ne-hamster, futhi ingeyamagundane. Isilwane sinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-80, futhi sifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 ubude. Ijazi likaLemming linsundu. Kukhona ama-subspecies aphenduka abe mhlophe ebusika. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, isilwane sihlala sisebenza.
Ama-Lemmings - izilwane ze-arcticukondla amahlumela ezitshalo, imbewu, ubulembu, amajikijolo. Iningi lama "hamsters" asenyakatho lithanda ukukhula okuncane.
Iziphungumangathi ezihlwabusayo ngokwazo zingukudla kwezakhamuzi eziningi zase-Arctic
Inkabi yeMusk
Ihlala kakhulu enyakatho yeGreenland nasenhlonhlweni yaseTaimyr. Inani lezinhlobo liyancipha, ngakho-ke, ngo-1996, i-musk ox ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Izihlobo eziseduze zemidondoshiya esenyakatho izimvu zezintaba. Ngaphandle, izinkabi ze-musk ziyefana kakhulu nezinkomo.
Ukuphakama okulinganiselwa kwenkomo ye-musk ngamasentimitha angu-140. Ubude izilwane zeRed Book yase-Arctic finyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela emhlabeni. Bekukhona ababili, kepha oyedwa akasekho.
Lezi zinkunzi ezinkulu zisengozini futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho
I-Belyak
Muva nje ehlukanisiwe njengohlobo oluhlukile, akuselona olukavundla ovamile. Unogwaja wase-arctic unezindlebe ezimfushane. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa. Uboya obujiyile, obufudumele busindisa esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Isisindo somzimba kanogwaja wase-Arctic sikhulu kunaleso sikanogwaja ovamile. Ubude, isakhamuzi saseNyakatho sifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70.
Vuliwe isithombe sezilwane zase-Arctic kaningi zidla izingxenye eziqinile zezitshalo. Lesi yisisekelo sokudla kukanogwaja. Kodwa-ke, izitsha ezizithandayo yizinso, amajikijolo, utshani obuncane.
Ungahlukanisa unogwaja wase-Arctic kunogwaja ojwayelekile ngezindlebe zawo ezimfushane.
I-Reindeer
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyamazane, zinezinselo eziguquguqukayo. Ehlobo, isisekelo sabo sifana nesipanji, simunca emhlabathini othambile. Ebusika, ama-pores ayaqiniswa, imiphetho eminyene futhi ekhonjiwe yezinselo iyabonakala. Basika iqhwa neqhwa, beqeda ukushibilika.
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-45 zezinyamazane emhlabeni, kanti enyakatho kuphela ezikhulisa izimpondo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kungowesilisa noma owesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bachitha izigqoko zabo ekuqaleni kobusika. Kuvela ukuthi ama-reindeer afakwe emgodini kaSanta.
Ku-reindeer, bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bagqoka izimpondo
Abadliwayo
Impungushe yase-Arctic
Uma kungenjalo ibizwa nge-polar fox, ingeyomndeni we-canine. Kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ifana nenja yakwaSpitz. Njengama-tetrapods asekhaya, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zizalwa zingaboni. Amehlo avuleka cishe emavikini amabili.
Izilwane zasendaweni yase-Arctic abazali abahle nabalingani. Lapho nje isisu sowesifazane sihlanganiswa, owesilisa uqala ukumzingela, ondle okhethiwe kanye nenzalo ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa. Uma udoti womunye umuntu usala ngaphandle kwabazali, izimpungushe ezithola imidlwane zithatha izingane. Ngakho-ke, amawundlu angama-40 kwesinye isikhathi atholakala emigodini ye-polar fox. Usayizi kadoti ojwayelekile wezimpungushe zase-Arctic yimidlwane engu-8.
Impisi
Izimpisi azalwa nje zingaboni kodwa futhi ziyizithulu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje, imidlwane iba yizilwane ezinamandla, ezinonya. Izimpisi zidla izisulu ziphila. Kodwa-ke, iphuzu alikona ukuthambekela okunenkohlakalo njengokwakhiwa kwamazinyo. Izimpisi azikwazi ukubulala inyamazane ngokushesha.
Ososayensi bayazibuza ukuthi umuntu wayilawula kanjani impisi. Izimpunga zesimanje aziziboleki ekuqeqesheni, ngisho zikhulela ekuthunjweni, zingayazi impilo yasendle. Kuze kube manje, umbuzo awukaphendulwa.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Yisilwane esidla igazi esinegazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kunwetshwa amamitha ama-3 ubude, amanye amabhere we-polar anesisindo esingangethani. Kuze kube ngamamitha ama-4 no-1200 kilos, ama-subspecies amakhulu aluliwe. Uhambile umhlaba wezilwane wase-Arctic.
Amabhere wePolar angahle noma angafihli ubuthongo. Inketho yokuqala imvamisa ikhethwa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe. Abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokuzingela ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Izilwane zasolwandle zase-Arctic
Uphawu
Ezindaweni zaseRussia kunezinhlobo eziyi-9 zazo, zonke - izilwane ze-arctic ne-antarctic... Kukhona izimpawu ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-40, futhi kukhona cishe amathani ama-2. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi hlobo luni lolo hlobo, izimvu zamanzi ziyisigamu samafutha. Ikugcina ufudumele futhi uphapheme. Emanzini, izimpawu, njengamahlengethwa, zisebenzisa i-echolocation.
E-Arctic, izimvu zamanzi zizingelwa yimikhomo ebulalayo namabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme. Imvamisa zidla izilwane ezincane. Izimpawu ezinkulu zinzima kakhulu ezilwaneni ezizingelayo.
Uphawu oluhlanganisiwe
Uphawu lwe-Arctic oluvame kakhulu nokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwamabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme. Uma lezi zamuva zifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe, khona-ke isibalo sezimpawu asikasongelwa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunabantu abayizigidi ezintathu e-Arctic. Umkhuba wokukhula.
Isisindo esiphezulu sophawu oluhlanganisiwe singama-70 kilogram. Ubude, isilwane sifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-140. Abesifazane bancane kancane.
Unogwaja wasolwandle
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uphawu olukhulu kunazo zonke. Isisindo esimaphakathi cishe yithoni yethoni. Isilwane singamasentimitha angama-250 ubude. Ngokwakheka, unogwaja wehlukile kwezinye izimpawu emanzini ngezidladla zayo zangaphambili cishe ezingeni lamahlombe, zayiswa ezinhlangothini.
Njengoba inemihlathi enamandla, unogwaja wasolwandle untula amazinyo aqinile. Zincane futhi ziguga ngokushesha, ziyawa. Izimpawu zasendulo ezindala kaningi zinemilomo engenamazinyo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuzingela izinhlanzi, okuyisisekelo sokudla komzingeli.
UNarwhal
Uhlobo lwehlengethwa olunophondo esikhundleni sekhala. Kubonakala kunjalo. Eqinisweni, izimpondo zingama-canine amade. Ziqondile, zikhombe. Ezinsukwini zakudala, amazinyo ama-narwhals adluliswa njengezimpondo zama-unicorn, esekela izinganekwane ngobukhona bazo.
Intengo yophondo lwenarwhal icishe ifane naleyo yamazinyo endlovu. Kuma-unicorn olwandle, ubude be-canine bungafinyelela kumamitha ama-3. Ngeke uzithole izindlovu ezinjalo esikhathini sethu.
UWalrus
Njengoba ingenye yamaphini amakhulu kunawo wonke, ama-walrus akhula amabamba emitha eli-1 kuphela. Ngabo, isilwane sibambelela ezintabeni zeqhwa, ukuphuma siye ogwini. Ngakho-ke, ngesiLatini, igama lezinhlobo lizwakala ngathi "ukuhamba ngosizo lwamazinyo".
Ama-Walrus ane-baculum enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo. Kumayelana nethambo elisemthondweni. Isakhamuzi sase-Arctic "siziqhayisa" cishe nge-baculum engamasentimitha angama-60.
Umkhomo
Yisona esikhulu kunazo zonke hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni zesimanje, kepha futhi esike saphila emhlabeni. Ubude be-whale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bufinyelela kumamitha angama-33. Isisindo sesilwane singamathani ayi-150. Lapha yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Arctic... Akumangalisi ukuthi imikhomo iyisilwane esifunwa abantu basenyakatho. Ngemuva kokubulala umuntu oyedwa, ama-Evenks afanayo ahlinzeka ukukhokhelwa ngokudla ebusika bonke.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imikhomo yavela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izicucu zoboya zitholakala emzimbeni wezidlakela zasolwandle. Futhi imikhomo yondla inzalo yayo ngobisi ngesizathu esithile.
Izinyoni zase-Arctic
Guillemot
Lokhu kungumuntu womdabu wasezindaweni ezisemkhathini zeqhwa. Ubuphaphe bunobukhulu obumaphakathi, bunesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu owodwa nohhafu, bunweba ubude ngamasentimitha angama-40. Iphiko lamaphiko lincane ngendlela engenangqondo, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthi i-guillemot isuke. Le nyoni incamela ukwehla ngejubane emadwaleni, ngokushesha ibanjwe yimisinga yomoya. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, i-guillemot isuka ngemuva kokugijima kwamamitha ayi-10.
I-guillemot imnyama ngenhla, futhi imhlophe ngezansi. Kunezinyoni ezinamakhadi aminyene futhi ezinamakhadi amancane. Zihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ama-2 ahlukene. Zombili zinezindle ezinomsoco. Zidliwa ngobumnandi yizimbaza nezinhlanzi.
I-seagull yaseRose
Abahlali baseNyakatho ngokusankondlo bakubiza ngokusa kombuthano wase-Arctic. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izakhamizi ezifanayo zase-Arctic, ikakhulukazi ama-Eskimo, zazidla izinhlanzi zasolwandle futhi zathengisela izilwane zazo ezazigxishwe abantu baseYurophu. Eyodwa bathathe cishe ama- $ 200. Konke lokhu kunciphise inani elivele lincane lezinyoni ezibomvana. Afakiwe kwiRed Data Book njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ubude be-rose gull abudluli ngamasentimitha angama-35. Umhlane wesilwane umpunga, kanti isifuba nesisu kufana nethoni yeflamingo. Imilenze ibomvu. Uqhwaku lumnyama. Umgexo unethoni efanayo.
Ipartridge emhlophe
Uthanda i-hummocky tundra, kodwa futhi kwenzeka nase-Arctic. Njengokuvamile, i-ptarmigan ingeyomndeni we-grouse, ukuhleleka kwezinkukhu. Izinhlobo ze-arctic zikhulu. Ubude, isilwane sifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-42.
Imilenze enezimpiko ezijiyile isiza i-Partridge ukuba iphile enyakatho. Ngisho neminwe imboziwe. Amakhala enyoni nawo "agqokile".
Umshushisi
Izidleke ezisogwini olunamadwala futhi inombala omnyama. Kunezimpawu ezimhlophe ezimpikweni. Isibhakabhaka senyoni sibomvu ngokugqamile. Ithoni efanayo yezidladla. Ubude, i-guillemot ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40.
Ama-guillemots ase-Arctic maningi. Kukhona cishe amaphawundi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-350. Abantu badla izinhlanzi. Kuzala emadwaleni asogwini.
I-Lyurik
Isivakashi esivamile emakoloni ezinyoni asenyakatho. Kuzala kumakholoni amakhulu. Zingabekwa zombili eduze kwamanzi nasebangeni elifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-10.
ULyurik unonqenqema olufushane futhi kubukeka sengathi ugqoke ibhasikidi. Isifuba senyoni simhlophe, futhi phezulu yonke into imnyama, njengaphansi kwesisu. Ikhanda nalo limnyama. Ubukhulu be-dandy buncane.
Punochka
Okungokwe-oatmeal, okuncane, okunesisindo esingama-gramu angama-40. Le nyoni iyafuduka; ivela emazweni afudumele ibuyela e-Arctic ngoMashi. Abesilisa yibo abafika kuqala. Balungisa izidleke. Bese kufika abesifazane, bese kuqala inkathi yokukhwelana.
Ukuqhutshwa kwemisebenzi kungukudla okunomsoco. Ehlobo, izinyoni zithanda ukudla kwesilwane, zibambe izinambuzane. Ekwindla, ukuqhuma kweqhwa kuphendukela kumajikijolo namakhowe.
Isikhova Esincane
Esikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezikhova. Izimpiko ezinamaphiko zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-160. Njengezilwane eziningi, i-Arctic imhlophe njengeqhwa. Lokhu kufihlwa. Ukuthula kwendiza kungezwa ekungabonakali kwangaphandle. Lokhu kusiza isikhova ukubamba isisulu saso. Ikakhulukazi izilimazo ziba nguye. Izinyanga eziyi-12, isikhova sidla amagundane angaphezu kwenkulungwane eyodwa nohhafu.
Ezidlekeni, izikhova ezineqhwa zikhetha amagquma, zizama ukuthola indawo eyomile engenalo iqhwa.
Isikhova esise-polar siyilungu lomndeni wesikhova esikhulu kunazo zonke
Ngokuphikisana nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-20 ezise-Arctic, kunamagama angama-90. Ukusho kanjalo ngezilwane zase-Arctic, uchitha isikhathi sakho esiningi ezinyonini. Baqala ukuzifunda, njengendawo uqobo, ngekhulu le-4 BC.
Amarekhodi kaPytheas aseMarseilles agcinwe. Wahamba waya eTula. Leli kwakuyigama lezwe laseNyakatho Ekude. Kusukela lapho, umphakathi jikelele ufunde mayelana nokuba khona kwe-Arctic. Namuhla izifunda ezi-5 ziyasifaka isicelo. Kuyiqiniso, wonke umuntu akanandaba nemvelo ehlukile njengaseshalofini elinamafutha.
