UNereis esinye isimangaliso umama wemvelo asinike sona. Ngokusho kwenye yezinganekwane, lesi sidalwa saqanjwa ngegama lesiGreki unkulunkulu wasolwandle uNereus, owathi empilweni yakhe yonke wazala amadodakazi angama-50 ama-nymphs obuhle obungavamile. Ngokusobala, ukubonakala kwesibungu ngandlela thile kufana nalaba balingisi basenganekwaneni.
Kepha uma uyikhulisa kaningi, khona-ke ungabona ngokushesha udrako waseChina ose-nereis. Amadevu afanayo, amaphethini angaqondakali emzimbeni wonke, wonke umhlane ugcwele ameva.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
I-Nereis worm ihlala olwandle olufudumele lwezwekazi lase-Asia, amaJapane, amaCaspian, amaBlack, ama-Azov nolwandle olumhlophe. Ngisho nangaphansi kweSoviet Union, emashumini amane ekhulu lama-20, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zafunda lesi sibungu futhi zazuza kuso.
OLwandle lweCaspian, izinhlanzi ezingama-sturgeon zabhekana nendlala enkulu, kanti iBlack Sea ne-Azov fish zazinenala yokudla. Ngakho-ke, banquma ukubeka kabusha ngokushesha iNereis emanzini aseCaspian.
Inqubo yokuhamba yayingelula, kwakudingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yesiqandisi nokuhambisa izibungu emabangeni amade. Izinkulungwane eziningana zazo zilethwe, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili zangena kahle ezimpandeni, zazikhulisa kulo lonke ulwandle futhi zanikela ngokugcwele ngokudla kwezinhlanzi, izinkalankala zaseKamchatka, izinkumba kanye nezitolo ezinkulu zasendaweni.
UNereis uyisibungu solwandle ongowomndeni wakwaNereid, uhlobo lwePolychaetae. Bangamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha ubude, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu - i-nereis eluhlaza. Umbala wabo awujwayelekile kakhulu - luhlaza okotshani, ocwebezelayo ngo-turquoise nango-purple. Ama-bristles ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba wawo anombala obomvu ngokusawolintshi.
I-Nereis yohlobo ama-annelids, bangabadala kakhulu. Umzimba wabo omude uhlukaniswe ngokwahlukaniswa okuyiminyaka kube yizingxenye, okungaba khona amakhulu ambalwa. Ingxenye ngayinye ine-lateral outgrowth, enesitho sokuqala kanye nama-setae onqenqemeni.
AT isakhiwo seNereis izinhlobo ezimbili zemisipha - i-longitudinal ne-annular, ngosizo lwazo i-invertebrate ihamba kalula futhi ingcwabe enhlabathini yolwandle. Ngaphakathi izidumbu ze-nereis awekho amaphaphu, ngakho-ke aphefumula ngesikhumba sawo.
Ukugaya kwenzeka kanjena, ngomlomo, ngosizo lwezimpondo, i-nereis iphusha ukudla, ingena emgodini wokudla, iyagaywa bese ishiya ingquza, engaphesheya kwesibungu. Ezimbungwini ze-polychaetal, ikhanda libonakala ngokusobala, ngamehlo amabili, intshebe kanye nama-tent tent olfactory.
Ososayensi baqaphela ikhono elilodwa elimangazayo lalesi sibungu, bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye. Izindlala zesikhumba seNereis zikhiqiza amakhemikhali athile, bese ekhishelwa emanzini. Lezi zinto zinegama esazi sonke - ama-pheromones.
Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-pheromone lusetshenziswa ngabantu abafuna ibhangqa. Olunye uhlobo lunephunga elehlukile, uluzwa, i-nereis iyaqonda ukuthi kuyadingeka ukubaleka, isitha siseduze futhi isibungu sisengozini. Kukhona i-pheromone enephunga elibi kakhulu, lapho ama-invertebrate esabisa khona umfokazi obahlaselayo.
Ngosizo lwesitho esikhethekile, uNereis ubamba izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zalephunga. Phakathi nezifundo zaselabhoratri, ososayensi bazama ukususa lesi sitho kubo, futhi izibungu zaba namandla ngokuphelele, abakwazanga ukuthola ukudla futhi ngesikhathi sokuthola nokufihla isitha.
Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene zezakhi zamakhemikhali, bese uzijova emanzini nge izibungu ze-nereis, abacwaningi bababhekisisa futhi bafunda ngokuziphatha.
Ngakho-ke, bathole ifomula nenhloso yephunga ngalinye. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe ngenxa yama-nereis, ama-pheromones asakazeke kakhulu futhi athandwa kakhulu esikhathini sethu.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila kaNereis
AbakwaNereis, naphezu kwabo, ukukubeka ngobumnene, hhayi ukubukeka okukhangayo nokwesabekayo, izidalwa ezinamahloni. Futhi uma kwenzeka kungqubuzana nothile, bakhetha ukubaleka, bagobhoze ekujuleni kolwandle.
Zihlala zombili emanzini ajulile nasemanzini angajulile, ezindaweni zemifula. Bachitha impilo yabo yonke ezansi, bemba izinqwaba zodaka befuna ukudla. Bahlala emigodini emincane, becashela izitha zabo, izinhlanzi kanye nezinkalankala, ezibadla ngobuningi. Izinqubo ezizayo ziyabasiza ukuthi bahambe phansi, futhi lapho bedinga ukubhukuda basebenzisa izinqubo njengamaphiko.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ekudleni kwabo, abakwaNereis bakude kakhulu nokuba ngama-gourmets, badla yonke into abayimba kusuka phansi futhi ehlangana nayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlaza lwasolwandle, ulwelwe olusha nolubolile luyadliwa emigodini.
Abazideleli ngisho nezinhlanzi ezifile, ama-crustaceans noma ama-molluscs. Futhi uma kukhona inkalankala ebolile, khona-ke kuzohlangana idili eliningi ngaphezu kwalezi zibungu.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo ye-nereis
Ekupheleni kukaJuni, izinga lokushisa lomoya futhi, ngokufanele, amanzi ayakhuphuka, isigaba senyanga ngalesi sikhathi kufanele futhi sibe sesifanele. Amanzi akhanyiswa ukukhanya kwenyanga adonsela kuwo amaNereis, ashukumise imizwa yawo yokuzala.
Ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, uNereis angakhangwa ngezindlela zokuzenzela, akhanyise ingxenye encane yolwandle ebusuku ngokukhanya kwelambu lokusesha. Umhlambi wezikelemu ngokuqinisekile uzophuthuma kulo msebe wokukhanya ovela embusweni omnyama.
Ngokuqala kokuvuthwa ngokocansi, isibungu siyashintsha ngaphezu kokuqashelwa. Amehlo akhe aba makhulu, upendwe ngemibala yothingo, umzimba wakhe uqina kakhulu. Izinqubo ze-lateral ziyakhula futhi zijiye, ama-invertebrate athola ikhono lokubhukuda, futhi aqale ukulisebenzisa ngokushesha.
Emihlanjini emikhulu yezinkulungwane zamaNereis bagijimela phezulu emanzini ukuthola umlingani. Kusukela ekuphakameni kokundiza, izinyoni azikwazi ukuzibamba ziqaphele isisindo esigcwele, esibilayo nesibilayo sezibungu ezingama-gramu angamashumi amahlanu, futhi kulapho-ke zinethuba lokuzikhongela endaweni yokulahla.
Izinhlanzi, nazo, zihambisana nazo, ngaphandle kokuhlunga, vele uvule imilomo yazo bese ubhukuda uye ebunzimeni bezibungu. Bonke abadobi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi phakathi naleso sikhathi izinhlanzi, uma zidle ama-nereis anomsoco, azisoze zaluma isilokazane sazo esidabukisayo esilenga kwihuku.
Ukufakwa komanyolo eNereis kwenzeka ngendlela engajwayelekile: kwakheka amakhefu athile esakhiweni somzimba wabo, lapho amaqanda nobisi lungena khona emanzini. Ngakho-ke, amaNereis azala kanye kuphela, bese kuthi lawo akhathele awele phansi, agobhoze ajule enhlabathini, bese efa ngemuva kwesonto.
Kepha, kukhona okukodwa uhlobo lwe-nereis ezikhiqiza kabusha ngokumangazayo. Okokuqala, zonke zizalwa zingamaduna, ngokufika kwenkathi yokukhwelana, izibungu zigijimela kuyo yonke imigodi ukufuna insikazi. Ekugcineni, sebethole intokazi yenhliziyo, baqala ukuvundisa wonke amaqanda abekwa ngokungakhethi.
Lapho eseqede le nqubo, indoda yakwaNereis ngokusobala ivusa inkanuko yokuthi idle insikazi ngokungenaluzwela. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlala emgodini wakhe, anakekele inzalo ngaphambi kokuba azalwe.
Futhi njengesijeziso sokudla abantu, emva kwesikhashana yena uqobo uphenduka owesifazane. Osekusele kuye ngokuzayo wukuhlala alinde kuze kube yilapho owesilisa othile emthola lo madam osanda kwenziwa amdle.
Kusuka emaqandeni avundisiwe, ama-trochophores ayakhula; zifana kakhulu nesiphungumangathi sesibungu esiboshwe nge-septa eminingana yonyaka kune-nereis encane. Lezi zibungu ziyakwazi ukuzondla, zikhule futhi ziphenduke ngokushesha zibe umuntu omdala.
Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-nereis, isibungu sikhula eqandeni, sivikelwe yigobolondo eliminyene. Kusukela eqandeni elinjalo, isibungu esigcwele sizochanyuselwa. Banethuba elingcono kakhulu lokusinda kunezibungu zokubhukuda, okuvame ukuba ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezibhukuda.
Abadobi bayazi ukuthi ayikho inzuzo engcono kune-nereis. ngakho-ke thenga i-nereis mhlawumbe ezitolo ezikhethekile. Abaningi abanqena, yiya echwebeni uyofuna isicupho sabo.
Thola isibungu seNereis elula kakhulu, kufanelekile ukumba ujule enzansi enodaka, kuzoba nenani elikhulu lazo. Labo abafuna ukugcina izikelemu ukuze bazisebenzise esikhathini esizayo babayisa esitsheni esinomoya ongcono kanye nenhlabathi yasogwini, bamboze ngesivalo bese bebeka endaweni ebandayo. Leli kungaba ishalofu elingezansi esiqandisini noma emiphongolweni.
Izazi zezilwane zikwazi kahle ukubaluleka kanye nokubaluleka kwezikelemu zakwaNereis ochungechungeni lokudla kwama-sturgeon. Ngakho-ke, ukulondolozwa ngokuphelele kohlobo lwazo, kwakukhona iziphakamiso zokufaka i-nereis eRed Book.
