Zingaki izimfihlo nezimfihlakalo ezigcinwe embusweni ongaphansi kwamanzi. Ososayensi abazifundanga ngokuphelele zonke izakhamuzi zakhona. Omunye wabamele abagqamile bezinhlanzi eziyisimangaliso ushaka othosiwe, noma ubizwa nangokuthi ushaka okhonjiwe.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ushaka othosiwe
Ngo-1880, uL. Doderline, isazi se-ichthyologist saseJalimane, wavakashela eJapane, futhi kulolu hambo waqala waluthola ushaka othosiwe. Kamuva, lapho efika eVienna, usosayensi waletha incazelo eningiliziwe yenhlanzi enjalo engavamile.
Ngeshwa, yonke imisebenzi yakhe ayikasinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, isazi sezilwane saseMelika uSamuel Garman sanyathelisa udaba. Likhulume ngenhlanzi yesifazane, cishe amamitha amabili ubude, ebanjwe eGulf of Japan.
Ngokuya ngokubukeka kwakhe, umMelika uthathe isinqumo sokumqamba ngokuthi yi-fish-toad. Ngemuva kwalokho, wanikezwa amanye amagama amaningi, afana ne-lizard shark, usilika kanye ne-selachia ethosiwe.
Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe, ezinhlangothini zekhanda ushaka othosiwe, kunezinhlayiya ze-gill eziphambana nomphimbo. Imicu ye-gill embozayo yakha isibambo esikhulu sesikhumba esibukeka njengengubo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ushaka waba negama lakhe.
Osayizi, abesifazane ushaka othosiwe zikhule zifike kumamitha amabili ubude, ezeduna zincane kancane. Zinesisindo esingaba ngamathani amathathu. Ngaphandle, zibukeka njengenyoka eyethusayo yangaphambi komlando ye-Basilisk kunezinhlanzi.
Umzimba wazo unombala onsundu-onsundu futhi eceleni kwawo, eduze komsila, kunamaphiko ayindilinga. Umsila ngokwawo awuhlukanisiwe waba izingxenye ezimbili njengenhlanzi, kodwa ngaphezulu kwesimo esingunxantathu. Kubukeka njengensingo eyodwa eqinile.
Kukhona nezici ezithakazelisayo esakhiweni somzimba walaba oshaka, umgogodla wabo awuhlukaniswanga ngama-vertebrae. Futhi isibindi sikhulu, sivumela lezi zinhlanzi zangaphambi komlando ukuthi zihlale ekujuleni okukhulu, ngaphandle kwengcindezi engokomzimba.
Inhlanzi inekhanda elikhulu, elibanzi futhi eliyisicaba, elinomlomo omncane. Ezinhlangothini zombili, kude komunye nomunye, kunamehlo aluhlaza, lapho amajwabu amehlo engekho ngokuphelele. Amakhala atholakala abheke phezulu, ngesimo semigqa ebhangqiwe.
Kuvela ukuthi ikhala ngalinye lihlukaniswe ngesigamu ngesigoqo sesikhumba, kulowo ongena nophumayo. Futhi imihlathi koshaka ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ibikwazi ukuyivula ngejubane lombani ibesebangeni eligcwele futhi igwinye inyamazane ngokuphelele. Emlonyeni wezinhlanzi eziyisimangaliso zikhula zilandelana, cishe amazinyo angamakhulu amathathu anhlanu acijile, amise okwegwegwe.
Ushaka othosiwe ubukeka njengenyoka hhayi ekubukekeni kwayo kuphela. Izingela ngendlela efanayo nenyoka, ekuqaleni icindezela umzimba wayo, bese igxumela phambili ngokungalindelekile, ihlasela isisulu. Futhi, ngenxa yamakhono athile emizimba yabo, ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama, bangancela izisulu zabo.
Ushaka othosiwe uhlala emanzini asePacific nase-Atlantic Ocean. Akanakho ukujula okuthile lapho ezohlala ekhona. Abanye bambona cishe ebusweni bamanzi, ekujuleni kwamamitha angamashumi amahlanu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthula ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yakhe, angadonsela ebangeni eliyisigamu nesigamu.
Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi aluzange lucwaningwe ngokugcwele. Kunzima ukuwubamba, okokugcina ushaka owosiwe wabanjwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ngabaphenyi baseJapan. Inhlanzi yayicishe ibe ngaphezulu kwamanzi futhi yayikhathele kakhulu. Ubekwe e-aquarium, kepha akakwazanga ukusinda ekuthunjweni, washeshe wafa.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila kukashaka othosiwe
Oshaka abathosiwe abahlali ngababili noma ngamaphakethe, bahlala bodwa. Oshaka bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ngokujula. Bangalala phansi phansi amahora amaningi njengogodo. Futhi bayahamba ngokuzingela ebusuku kuphela.
Isici esibalulekile sokuba khona kwabo izinga lokushisa lamanzi abahlala kulo, akufanele leqe ama-degrees Celsius ayishumi nanhlanu. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, inhlanzi ayisebenzi, ibe buthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ingafa nokufa.
Ushaka ubhukuda ekujuleni kolwandle, hhayi ngosizo lwamaphiko alo kuphela. Uyakwazi ukugoba umzimba wakhe wonke njengezinyoka futhi ahambe ngokunethezeka lapho eya khona.
Yize ushaka othosiwe enokubukeka okwesabisayo, njengawo wonke umuntu unezitha zakhe, yize zingekho eziningi. Lokhu kungaba oshaka abakhulu nabantu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ushaka lukathayela unempahla emangalisayo - umugqa oseceleni ovulekile. Okungukuthi, izingela ekujuleni ebumnyameni ngokuphelele, izwa konke ukunyakaza okukhishwa yisisulu sayo. Iziphakela ushaka othosiwe ama-squid, ama-stingray, ama-crustaceans nokunye okunjalo - oshaka abancane.
Kodwa-ke, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umuntu ohleli kanjalo onjengoshaka othosiwe angazingela kanjani ama-squid asheshayo. Kwabekwa umbono othile maqondana nalokhu. Ngokusobala, inhlanzi, ilele phansi ebumnyameni obukhulu, iheha i-squid ngokubonakala kwamazinyo ayo.
Bese emhlasela ngamandla, emshaya njengemfezi. Noma ngokuvala ama-slits kuma-gill, ingcindezi ethile yenziwa emlonyeni wabo, okuthiwa yi-negative. Ngosizo lwayo, isisulu simunceka emlonyeni kashaka. Izisulu ezilula nazo ziyahlangana - ezigulayo, ezibuthakathaka zezingulube.
Ushaka othosiwe akakuhlafuni ukudla, kodwa ukugwinya kuphelele. Amazinyo acijile, agobile kuye ukuze abambe isisulu ngokuqinile.
Ngenkathi befunda laba oshaka, ososayensi baqaphela ukuthi umqala wabo wawungenalutho njalo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona iziphakamiso zokuthi kungenzeka babe nezikhala ezinde kakhulu phakathi kokudla, noma uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuba ukudla kugaywe khona manjalo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu lokuthi oshaka abathosiwe bazala kanjani. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka lapho bekhula kancane ukudlula imitha ubude.
Ngenxa yokuthi oshaka abagejiwe bahlala ngokujule kakhulu, inkathi yabo yokukhwelana ingaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Bahlangana ngemihlambi, lapho inani labesilisa nabesifazane licishe lifane. Ngokuyinhloko, lawo maqembu aqukethe abantu abangamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amane.
Yize abesifazane balaba oshaka bengenayo i-placenta, noma kunjalo, bayi-viviparous. Oshaka abawashiyi amaqanda abo ku-algae nasematsheni, njengoba kwenza izinhlanzi eziningi, kodwa bazichamela bona ngokwabo. Le nhlanzi inama-oviducts nesibeletho. Bakhulisa amaqanda ngemibungu.
Izingane ezingakazalwa zidla esikhwameni se-yolk. Kodwa kukhona inguqulo yokuthi umama uqobo, ngendlela ethile engaziwa, futhi ondla izingane zakhe zangaphakathi kwesisu.
Kungaba namaqanda angafika kwayishumi nanhlanu akhulelisiwe. Kuvele ukukhulelwa kuthosiwe ushaka ihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, kubhekwa njengeside kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla.
Njalo ngenyanga, ingane yesikhathi esizayo ikhula isentimitha elilodwa nohhafu, futhi bazalwa sebevele besiqingatha semitha ubude. Izitho zabo zangaphakathi zakheke ngokuphelele futhi zathuthukiswa ukuze zikulungele ukuphila ngokuzimela. Ngokucatshangwa ukuthi oshaka abakhonjiwe baphila iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-20-30.
Oshaka abathosiwe abalona usongo kubantu. Kodwa abadobi abathandi kakhulu futhi bababiza ngezinambuzane ngoba baphula amanetha okudoba. Ngo-2013, kudotshwa amathambo cishe amamitha amane ubude.
Ososayensi kanye ne-ichthyologists bayifunde isikhathi eside futhi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ingeyoshaka wasendulo, omkhulu, othosiwe. Njengamanje, oshaka abathosiwe babhalwe kuRed Book njengezinhlanzi ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
