Hlobo luni lwenyoni olubhuquza amatshe, lukhuhla izimpaphe zesisu? "Akuyona i-titmouse noma i-cuckoo, kodwa ayaziwa khuzani "... Igama lesiLatini lohlobo lwe-tirkushek ngu Glareola, ukuncipha kwegama i-glarea (igravel), ukhuluma ngokukhetha kwakhe okungajwayelekile kwezinto zokwakha isidleke. Inyoni inombala omncane, kodwa imvelo egqame kakhulu. Yini eyenza kube mnandi, ake sikutshele ngokulandelana.
Incazelo nezici
I-Tirkushki ifana nezinyoni eziningi eziphakathi nendawo. Kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiswa ku-oda lama-plover, bese ku-oda lama-waders. Ngaphandle zifana nezimbadada, zinemilenze emifushane efanayo, zinamaphiko amade akhombe nemisila emide efolokiwe.
Umbala kuphela onikeza enye inyoni ngokushesha, imvamisa izimpaphe zazo zinombala ompunga oyisanti noma onsundu. Uqhwaku yisiphambano esiphakathi komlomo wenkukhu ne-nightjar. Futhi zimbalwa izinyoni ezisike kakhulu emlonyeni, zifinyelela onqenqemeni lwamehlo.
I-Tirkushki inezinhlobo eziningi zemisebenzi "yokukhuluma". Kukhona ukuhlaselwa okuphazamisayo lapho kunosongo, izinyoni zingakha umbono ongamanga, bese zisuka ngokungazelelwe. Bangabonisa inyoni elimele indiza phansi phezu kwezihlahla.
Noma okuphambene nalokho, lingisa ukuhlasela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzijabulisa kwabo okuthandayo ukuhamba emanzini angajulile asogwini. Inyoni ekhuthele, ekhuthele, ehambayo, egijima ifike emadolweni emfuleni noma echibini, imvamisa iheha ukunaka kwabantu futhi iphelela ku-albhamu yezithombe.
I-Tirkushka ingabonakala kaningi eduze nemizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi
UTirkushka esithombeni ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo phakathi namasiko omshado. Ilensi iyakwazi ukuthatha ukudansa okumangazayo kwabo bobabili abalingani. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphiko aphakanyiselwe phezulu ngaphezu komhlane, njengoseyili ababili.
Futhi izimpaphe ezisentanyeni zihlanjululwa phezulu ukugcizelela ikhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zelula izintamo zazo futhi zamukela ukuma okuqondile okuvundlile. Izimpawu zabo zemisindo zithule futhi azifakwanga, zishaya umlozi kancane. Imvamisa ziyezwakala ngesikhathi se-alamu, ngaphambi kokundiza, ngesikhathi semidanso yesiko nangaphambi kokuduma kwezulu.
Lalela izwi le-steppe tirkushka
Izinhlobo
I-tirkushka yaseMpumalanga (Glareola malfvarum). Eyaziwa nangokuthi inyoni yentethe noma i-plover swallow. Usayizi ofika ku-25 cm, isisindo esifinyelela kuma-95 g. Emuva nasekhanda kunsundu, kanti izimpaphe zokundiza ezinemibala ye-anthracite zigqame ezimpikweni. I-Belly emhlophe, i-chestnut yenziwa. Igama lale nhlobo lisitshela ukuthi lidabuka eMaldives.
Ihlala ezifundeni ezifudumele zaseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Asia, izinhlobo ePakistan, zifudukela ebusika ziye eNdiya, e-Indonesia nase-Australia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi babonwa kude kakhulu nendawo ababehlala kuyo - e-UK.
Ukuthi bafika kanjani nokuthi kungani befika namanje akukaziwa. Isikhathi sokuqala ukubonakala okunjalo kwaqoshwa ngo-1981 eSuffolk. Izinyoni ezinamandla zazibonakala naseYurophu, eMpumalanga Ekude nase-Alaska.
I-steppe tirkushka (enamaphiko amnyama), UGlareola nordmann... Lolu hlobo lwaqanjwa ngegama lesazi sezilwane saseFinland nomhloli wamazwe u-Alexander von Normann. Inyoni "yezikhala ezivulekile". Uhlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga Yurophu naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Ensimini yaseRussia, kungabonakala ezifundeni zaseVoronezh, eTula, kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela e-Ufa.
Ngale Kwentaba zase-Ural ingafinyelela e-Omsk. Eningizimu itholakala ngasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Ubusika e-Afrika. Usayizi ofika ku-28 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-100 g. Kakhulu kancane idlelo nasempumalanga izinhlobo.
Ukubukeka kwayo nephethini yendiza ifana kakhulu nenkonjane. Induduzo yempilo inikezwa ngamathafa asemaqeleni anezimila ezimbi. Zivame ukubonwa eduze kwamachibi kasawoti nemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile befuna ukudla.
Meadow tirkushka (ukhololo noma ukhololo), Glareola pratincola... Igama elithile lingahunyushwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwamagama amabili: “prati "- idlelo,"incola"- isakhamuzi. Kulula ukubona kuwo wonke amazwe azungeze iMedithera neBlack Sea, kanye nasemathafeni agudle iVolga neDanube, emaqeleni aseningizimu yeRussia naseSiberia.
Le nyoni inikeze yonke enye i-tirkushek ngegama elivela kaningi "pratincola". Ingaphezulu lomzimba linsundu nesisu simhlophe. Umphimbo obomvu ophuzi kancane uzungezwe umugqa onsundu onsundu, ofana nokhololo.
Ifana kakhulu nezinhlobo ezimbili ezedlule, ihluke kuphela emthunzini wezimpiko ezingezansi nobude bomsila. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ezaziwayo - i-Afrika kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lapho indiza, njenge-steppe, ifana nenkonjane.
Esithombeni, i-tirkushka yedlelo, yezimpaphe zokukhanya ezisentanyeni, kuvame ukubizwa ngekhola noma ikhola
I-tirkushka enentamo emhlophe (itshe), Glareola nuchalis... Abomdabu base-Afrika. Kukhona ama-subspecies amabili - iLiberia ne-Long-necked. Usayizi ofika ku-19.5 cm, umsila kuze kufike ku-6 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-52 g.Umugqa omhlophe uyabonakala entanyeni, kusukela emehlweni cishe kuye emuva kwekhanda.
Bobabili ubulili bakhipha umsindo ohehayo wokuxhumana nomlozi, i-purr yomculo, kepha kungaba nomsindo uma ujabulile. Zihlala ematsheni ngasemifuleni nasemachibini. Lapho izigodi zemifula zigcwala amanzi, zihamba zisuka esifundeni ziye esifundeni. Zihlukana ziba yimihlambi emincane engaba ngamabhangqa angama-26 nesidleke emadwaleni.
Bathanda ukuzulazula emanzini apholile ngosuku olushisayo. Zivame ukubonakala zihleli ezimvubu, ezinamathele emihlambini yezinambuzane. Ukudla okuvamile izimvemvane, izimpukane, amabhungane, ama-cicadas, izintethe.
Imibhangqwana ye-Nesting ishiya iphakethe bese izenzela umhlaba wayo omncane. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ngakho-ke, izidleke zenziwa ematsheni, eduze kwamanzi. Izinkukhu ziqala ngokushesha hhayi ukugijima kuphela, kodwa futhi nokubhukuda.
Madagascar tirkushka, Glareola Ocularis... Akanayo ikhola elimnyama esifubeni sakhe, njenge-steppe, idlelo nezihlobo zasempumalanga, futhi ayikho ikhola emhlophe ehlobisa i-tirkushka yamatshe. Kepha ngaphansi kwamehlo amnyama, izinkophe ezimhlophe zibonakala kahle, futhi isisu sinombala omncane ngombala obomvu klebhu.
Itholakala eComoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Somalia naseTanzania. Kubuye kubonwe eMauritius. Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ezimanzi, amadlelo asezindaweni eziphansi ezigcwele amanzi, amachibi anamanzi angenasawoti, ugu olunamadwala nezixhaphozi ezinamagagasi yikho okuheha le nyoni.
Esithombeni itiye laseMadagascar
I-tirkushka empunga (IGlareola cinirea)... Isakhamuzi sase-Asia Ephakathi neseNtshonalanga. Kufika kumasentimitha angama-20, anesisindo esifinyelela kuma-37 g.Ithoni yombala oyinhloko iyimpunga emnyama ngemuva, imhlophe esiswini nasemphinjeni. Uqhwaku luwolintshi ngethiphu emnyama. Imilenze ibomvu. Isikhathi sokuzalisa sincike esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala. EGabon, ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, eCongo, ngoJuni-Agasti, naseNigeria, ngoMashi nangoJuni.
I-tirkushka encane (I-Glareola lactea). I-pratinkola encane yaseNdiya, efinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-18. Isatshalaliswa e-Asia eshisayo. Kutholakala entshonalanga yePakistan, iSri Lanka, iThailand, ne-India. Kuzala kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuMashi kumatshe amadevu nasesihlabathini eduze kwamanzi. Uvame ukudideka ngama-swifts noma izinkonjane.
Emhlabathini kubukeka kungabonakali - okumpunga ophaphathekile, umthunzi ocishe ube namasi (yingakho igama lezinhlobo zalo "i-lacteal"- ubisi). Ihlangana ngombala nothuli olomile. Phezulu kwekhanda kuphela okukhipha ithinti likashokholethi omncane, futhi inhlansi ezimhlophe nezimnyama ziyabonakala ezimpikweni. Esidlekeni sabo kuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-2 anombala ongalingani we-beige, onephethini likakhonkolo oqhekekile.
I-tirkushka meadow yase-Australia - okuwukuphela kohlobo lwe-Stiltia lohlobo, igama elibi UStiltia isabella... Ukuzalela e-Australia, kubhala ngaphezulu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyathuthela eNew Guinea noma e-Indonesia ukuze kwenziwe ushintsho. I-sandpiper engumhambuma enethezekile ezifundeni ezomile zezwekazi.
Isibalo sabantu cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-60. Kuzala kakhulu maphakathi nendawo ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeQueensland kuya enyakatho neVictoria futhi kudabula phakathi ne-Australia kuya esifundeni saseKimberley. Futhi ebusika bathuthela enyakatho ye-Australia, Java, Sulawesi naseNingizimu Borneo. Inyoni ezacile enomlomo ogobile.
Ubude obufinyelela kuma-24 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-60 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-75 g. Kunokwehluka okumbalwa phakathi kobulili, kepha izimpaphe phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelwa ziyehluka kunejwayelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke umzimba ophezulu uba umthunzi ocebile wekhofi nobisi.
Emikhawulweni yamaphiko kukhona ukumakwa kwamalahle, esiswini kukhona umugqa ovulekile ovulekile wombala ofanayo. Umphimbo umhlophe futhi isifuba sinesihlabathi. Umlomo ubomvu klebhu ngesisekelo esimnyama, namehlo ansundu. Izimpaphe ezingaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelwa zivame kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UTyrkushka uyaphila ogwadule olusemaqeleni nasezindaweni ezinamadwala e-Eurasia, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Zihlala emihlambini emincane, zihlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu kuphela endizeni. Njengama-partridges, bakhetha imiphetho eseningizimu. Lezo zinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele ziyizifiki ezikude.
Babeyaziwa ngisho naseGibhithe lasendulo, ngokwamafrescoes ezikhumbuzo. Lapho, inyoni ye-nimble ivezwe njengento yokuzingela, noma kwenye indima ethokozisayo. Iqiniso ukuthi i-tirkushki nabagijimi abahlobene babebhekwa njengezinyoni ezithandwa izingwenya.
Bahlanze imilomo yabo evulekile, kanti izilwane ezidlayo azizithintanga izinyoni. Ngakho-ke, i-tirkushki e-Afrika ingavame ukubonwa ihleli ngezinqe zabo hhayi kuphela ezimvubu, kodwa nakuma-alligator anezinyo eziyingozi. Indawo yokuhlala - amathafa angenamithi, avulekile futhi anqabile, amadlelo nezindawo ezinamadwala.
Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zindawo zilele endaweni yezulu eliphansi, futhi zivame ukoma. Bese kuthi izinyoni zindizele eduze kwamaxhaphozi, imifudlana, imifula, imisele, iziphethu namachibi olwandle. Ngokuvamile iTirkushki iyawathanda amanzi, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokwakha isidleke.
Bangabhekwa njengabazingeli bezithunzi, ngoba basebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Emini, baphapheme, ikakhulukazi emanzini. Futhi ebusuku balala emathafeni. Esinye sezimpawu ezishaya indiza yabo enomusa futhi engajwayelekile. Le isethi ephelele yezimo, ukujika, amajika amahle, amathrekhi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene.
Uma inyoni ilambile, indiza iqonde ngenhla kwenhlabathi. Uma usuthi, ungakujabulela ukundiza okude, njengoba kugcina kuphezulu. Uma kuvela inyoni edla inyama, i-tirkushki iyahlangana, futhi bonke ndawonye bazama ukuxosha umhlaseli. Futhi lapho ubona umuntu, exhuga futhi egijima esiyingini, bazama ukuphambukisa ingozi esidlekeni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isici esingavamile kakhulu isitayela sabo sokuzingela. Imvamisa zidla izindiza, njengezinkonjane, yize zingadla phansi. Imilomo yawo emifushane yenza ukuzingela endizeni kube lula. Ukuhamba kwabo kuyashesha futhi kuyalawuleka, bakuthola ngempumelelo isisulu.
Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinambuzane ezindizayo (izinyosi, izimpukane, amabhungane, omiyane, izintuthwane ezinamaphiko), izicabucabu, izinkumbi, izintethe nezimbungulu. Umuhlwa awushiywa ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Uma zigijimisa ukudla phansi, azihlanganisi nje kuphela, kodwa zigijimisa inyamazane ngamaphiko avulekile.
Ukugijima kwawo kubukeka kujabulisa kakhulu: udwi, ukuma, ukuxegisa umsila, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kweqa kuze kufike kumitha ukuphakama. Zigijimela phezulu ezimfundeni, phezu kwemihlanga, zigijimela ngezikhathi ezithile ukubamba isinambuzane. Gwinya uphelele. Baphuza amanzi ahlanzekile nasawoti, ngoba banezindlala kasawoti.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kufinyelelwa onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila. Inyoni yaseTirkushka imibhangqwana ethembekile, eqinile, iyagoqa ngaphambi kokufika kusuka ebusika bese ubambelela impilo yabo yonke. Bobabili abalingani bayabandakanyeka kwezothando. Okokuqala, umuntu wenza umdanso wesiko, ushaya umlomo wakhe, alahle izinto ezincane eceleni bese ehlikihla isisu sakhe emhlabathini.
Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe igama "thulkushka"Uvele ngemuva kokubona isiko elinje? Njengoba sebebuyele ezindaweni zabo zomdabu, insikazi isivele isilungele ukukhiqiza inzalo kungekudala. Izidleke zenziwa ngqo phansi noma emadwaleni. Bakhetha ukucindezelwa, noma bathole umfantu omncane, bese basakaza amatshe amancane, udoti owomile, utshani, ubulembu neziqu lapho.
Isidleke ngokuvamile siqukethe amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwayi-4 kakhilimu okhanyayo noma umbala onsundu ngombala onemivimbo ye-wavy, amachashazi nama-specks. Usayizi 31 * 24 mm. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekuchamuseleni, nasekondleni okulandelayo. Amantshontsho e-Fluffy ombala onesihlabathi esihlwabusayo aqala ukugijima ngemuva nje kokuchanyuselwa.
Esithombeni kukhona iphuphu le-tirkushka
Izimpaphe zivela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, emavikini amathathu zisuke zinezimpaphe ezigcwele. Abazali bayaqhubeka nokondla amaphuphu aze akwazi ukundiza, kuze kube amasonto ama-4-5. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, imihlambi igcwaliswa ngabahambi abasha abalungele ukundiza baye ezindaweni zobusika.
Isikhathi sempilo sezinyoni cishe silingana naleso se-waders - cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Izinhlobo eziningi zidinga ukuvikelwa, njengoba sezivele ziseRed Book, noma onqenqemeni lokungena. Izinombolo zithonywe yimisebenzi yabantu kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kunesomiso esikhulu, izinyoni ziyaphuthelwa ukuzala.
