Remez - inyoni encane yehlathi. Igqama ngokukwazi kwayo ukwakha izidleke ezingavamile. Zifana ne-mitten emiswe egatsheni, enokungena esikhundleni sesithupha. I-Remez iyinyoni ejwayelekile, ayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. EYurophu, amaRemezan ahlala kumamitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyishumi. km, inani labo kuleli zwekazi lifinyelela kubantu abayi-840,000.
Incazelo nezici
Zonke izinhlobo zamakhambi ziyizinyoni ezincane. Ubude bomzimba abuvamile ukudlula u-12 cm, umsila ongu-4-5 cm. Umsebenzi wezandla mncane ngesigamu nohhafu kunondlunkulu. Ngohlobo lokungeza, ubukhulu bufana ne-titmouse. Umzimba uyindilinga. Izimpiko zivuleka zivule u-17-18 cm.
Umbala wamakhambi awukhanyi. Ngezansi kukhanya, kunamathoni ampunga noma ansundu. Okuphezulu kumnyama, kunsundu ngokumpunga. Ubumnyama, cishe imivimbo emnyama emaphikweni nasemsileni. Isifihla-buso esimnyama (izibuko) ekhanda elimpunga elikhanyayo siyahambisana nazo. I-Remez esithombeni kungaba owesilisa noma owesifazane, kunzima ukuhlukanisa ngaphandle. Abesilisa banemibala ekhanya kancane kunezinsikazi nezinyoni ezincane.
Izikhumbuzo zinesitayela sendiza eshaywayo, azikwazi ukundiza. Izindiza ezinde zenziwa kuphela emini, izinyoni azikhuphukeli phezulu, zivame ukuma ukuze ziphumule. Bacasha ezilwaneni ezidla imbuya ngothi ezihlahleni, phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla.
I-Remez, inyoni encane, ubukhulu besihloko
Izinhlobo
I-Remezovye (i-Latin Remizidae) - umndeni oyingxenye ye-oda elikhulu labantu abadlulayo. Umndeni uhlanganisa imikhakha emithathu:
- Uhlobo lweRemiz noma iRemez - luhlala eYurophu, ezindaweni eziseMpumalanga ye-Asia. ERussia, babazi kahle ingxenye yaseYurophu neSiberia, batholakala eTransbaikalia, eMpumalanga Ekude.
- IGenus Anthoscopus - ihlala e-Afrika, izingxenye zayo ezisenkabazwe nezaseningizimu. Izinyoni zihlala phansi. Senze kahle yonke imidwebo yase-Afrika: izindawo eziwugwadule, amathafa, amahlathi ashisayo. Izidleke ezinzima kakhulu phakathi kwezikhiye ziyalukwa. Zibahlomisa ngokungena okungelona iqiniso negumbi lesidleke elingamanga. Ngale ndlela, izidalwa ziyakhohliswa.
- Uhlobo lwe-Auriparus, noma ama-American Pendants, luhlala eMexico nase-United States. Bakhetha amahlathi alula, izihlahlana. Zeluka izidleke njengebhola.
Ubuciko buzivumelanisa cishe nazo zonke izimo zezwe nezimo zezulu
Isihlukanisi sebhayoloji sihlala sibuyekezwa. Ezinye izikhundla ziyimpikiswano. Uhlobo lukaRemiza noma u-Remiz yilungu lomndeni elingenakuphikiswa, eliphakanyiswayo. Kwafakwa okuhlukanisayo nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinhlobo kuhlobo:
- Izinhlobo ze-Remiz pendulinus, i-Eurasia noma pemez ejwayelekile Iyinyoni eyakha izidleke eYurophu. Ihlala ngokungalingani eRussia. Esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, isibonelo, kuvame ukutholakala, ezifundeni zaseSiberia zisatshalaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Amathuna ajwayelekile enza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka: ebusika baya ogwini lwaseYurophu nolwe-Afrika oLwandle iMedithera.
- Izinhlobo zeRemiz macronyx noma umhlanga pendulum - uchitha ihlobo, wakha izidleke eKazakhstan. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu isogwini oluseningizimu yeBalkhash. Inamathisela izidleke zayo emhlangeni, yingakho ithole igama elithi "umhlanga".
- I-Remiz consobrinus noma i-Chinese Pemmez iyinyoni engavamile. Ukuzala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, kwenzeka ezindaweni eziseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia, eYakutia. Ebusika, indizela eningizimu yeNhlonhlo YaseKorea, ezifundazweni zaseChina zaseFujian, Jiangsu, Jiangsu.
- I-Remiz coronatus, noma i-pemmez ethweswe imiqhele, itholakala e-Asia Ephakathi, eningizimu yeSiberia. Isibalo sezinto ezisikiwe sincane. Izimpukane ziye ePakistan, eNdiya ebusika. Imizila yokufuduka nezindawo zasebusika aziqondakali kahle.
Ukubheja kukhunjulwa kakhulu lapho bekhuluma ngoRemez. Emndenini we-oatmeal, kuhlobo lwe-bunting yangempela, kukhona uhlobo oluhlala eScandinavia naseRussia. Igama lesayensi lale nhlobo ngu-Emberiza rustica, igama elijwayelekile lenyoni i-oatmeal pemez... Ngaphandle kwaleli gama, kuncane okuhlanganisa lezi zinyoni nama-Pendants. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukugoba akwazi ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani izidleke ze-wicker.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Imisebenzi yezandla yazi kahle amazwekazi amathathu. Uhlobo lwe-Auriparus lwahlala eNyakatho Melika. Imikhosi yohlobo lwe-Anthoscopus ibhekwa njengomdabu e-Afrika. Imihlobiso elengayo yase-Afrika yiyona evame kakhulu phakathi kwezihlobo zabo. Izinyoni zohlobo lweRemiz zihlala eYurophu nase-Asia.
Izinyoni zaseMelika nezase-Afrika zihlala phansi. Yize zifuduka, zingukuhamba kokudla emabangeni amafushane. Izikhumbuzo azihlanganisi ngemihlambi, zihamba zilandelana. Ezindaweni zobusika bahlangana nezinye izinyoni ezincane, abazakheli imiphakathi emikhulu.
Befika ezindaweni zobusika, amaPeipsi ajwayele ukuya ezindaweni lapho kwakukhona isidleke, lapho zazalelwa khona noma zazala khona inzalo. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke nokondla azinayo imingcele eqinile. Akukho mbango phakathi kwabesilisa ngensimu enhle kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yesibalo esilinganiselwe sezinyoni, ukutholakala kokudla nobuningi bezindawo ezilungele ukwakha izidleke.
Entwasahlobo nengxenye yokuqala yehlobo, u-Remez usebenzisa imali enakekela ikhaya lakhe kanye nenzalo yakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bayacula. Izingoma zabo azimnandi kakhulu. Zifana namakhwela noma ukukhipha okukhishwe, kwesinye isikhathi kwakha ama-trill. Ngenxa yemvamisa ephezulu, imisindo iyiswa kude.
Izihlahlana zezihlahla ezisogwini lwamachibi nemifula, imihlanga yomhlanga yizindawo lapho izinhlanzi ze-penduline zihlangana khona entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kusukela ngoJulayi, izimpethu ezifudukayo zilungiselela ukuya ezindaweni zobusika. Zivame ukutholakala emaphethelweni, emahlathini alula. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, izinyoni ziyahamba ezweni lazo ziye eningizimu.
Izindiza zezinyoni azihlali kahle njalo. I-Remiz consobrinus, ebusika eChina naseKorea, iyaqothulwa ngesikhathi sokufuduka nasebusika. Izakhamizi zendawo zisebenzisa inetha ukubamba izinyoni ezincane (ukubhuza, ama-remies, ama-dubrovnik). Izinyoni ziyaqothulwa ngobuningi futhi zingalawuleki. Ngenxa yalokhu, iPemez yafakwa kumaRed Data Books azo zonke izifunda zaseMpumalanga Ekude.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Remez — inyoni, ikakhulukazi inambuzane. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nezibungu kuba wukudla kwayo. Indawo encane yanele ukuthola okwanele futhi ondle amaphuphu aseRemezu. Indawo yokudla yezinyoni ezimbili ithatha cishe amahektha ama-3.
Ekufuneni ukudla, uRemeza uhlola amahlathi, amazinga aphansi ehlathi, ikakhulukazi amahlathi asogwini omhlanga, imihlanga, ama-cattails. Izinkathazo zokudla okunomsoco zithatha amahora onke emini. Lapho wondla amaphuphu, imihlobiso elengayo ngokwesilinganiso, landela izinambuzane kanye njalo emizuzwini emithathu.
Isisulu esikhulu sezinsalela: amacimbi ezimvemvane, amabhungane, izicabucabu. Lezi zinambuzane ziqoqwa imihlobiso elengayo emagatsheni ezihlahla nezihlahla. Endizeni, amaRemezs azama ukuzingela izimvemvane, izimpukane, omiyane. Ukudla kwezinyoni namachwane kuyahluka ngokuya kwesikhathi.
Ngentwasahlobo, ama-cicadas amancane kanye nezibungu ze-lepidoptera. NgoJuni, imihlobiso elengayo inaka kakhulu amacimbi ezinundu. NgoJulayi, izinyoni zidla ama-aphid amaningi. Izicabucabu ziyisidlo esijwayelekile kumenyu ye-Remez.
Imisebenzi yezandla ikhetha ukuzingela izinambuzane
Ukudla kwe-remyz kuqukethe okuphakelayo kwemifino. NgoMeyi-Juni, izinyoni zithwebula imbewu yomnyezane neyepoplar. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, imbewu yomhlanga idlala indima ehamba phambili. Lesi sitshalo sibalulekile hhayi kuphela ngokombono wokudla okunempilo.
Abavuni bathanda ukondla emahlathini asogwini. Sebenzisa imicu yezitshalo ukwakha izidleke. Enye yezinhlobo (i-Remiz macronyx) yakha izindawo zayo zokuhlala kuphela ezinhlangeni zomhlanga.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Eningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu, inkathi yokuzalanisa iqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, lapho intwasahlobo ivame ukufika sekwedlule isikhathi, ukwakhiwa kwamabhangqa ezinyoni kuhlehliselwa inyanga, kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ukuthandana ezinyonini akuhlali isikhathi eside, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuchanyuselwa. Indoda iyaqala ukwakha isidleke, insikazi iyayijoyina. Izidleke zonyaka odlule, noma zisebenza ngokuphelele, azinabantu. Kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa njengomthombo wezinto zokwakha.
Igatsha eligobeke phezu kwamanzi lihle njengesisekelo sokusekela ikhaya elisha. Imisebenzi yezandla iqoqa i-willow down, straws, izicucu zoboya nezinwele zezilwane. Uhlaka lwelukiwe ngezinto zokwakha eziyimicu. Ama-cobwebs avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuyiqinisa. Isakhiwo sefreyimu sifakwe nge-plant fluff, izinwele zezilwane.
Ngokwezinye izimpawu, ukuthola isidleke seRemez kuyimpumelelo enkulu.
Engxenyeni engenhla yesidleke, umgodi ovundlile ufakwe ububanzi obuhambelana nobukhulu benyoni. Kuthatha kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kumaviki ama-2 ukuqeda isakhiwo. Izidleke zitholakala endaweni lapho i-grouse yaveza khona inzalo eminyakeni eyedlule. Imibhangqwana ayigcwali. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezidleke okungenani li-0.5 km.
I-Remez bird nest kuvela ukuthi inamandla kakhulu: ukuphakama kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-20 cm, ububanzi obungu-9-10 cm, ubukhulu bodonga obungu-2 cm. Indawo yokungena eyindilinga ayidluli ububanzi obungu-4.3 cm.Isidleke sifakwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Isakhiwo esikhulu impela, esifana nebhola elixegayo, sivame ukuxegiswa umoya. Lokhu kuchaza igama lesiLatini elithi Remiz pendulinus. Ukuhumusha kwayo ngokwezwi nezwi kusho ukuthi "swinging heald".
Imisebenzi yezandla yohlobo lwe-Anthoscopus, ehlala e-Afrika, yadlula amakhono abo okwakha amakhono. Ngaphezulu komnyango, bahlomisa ukungena okungamanga okuholela egumbini lesidleke, elihlala lingenalutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnyango wangempela ufakwe uhlobo lomnyango - isigaxa sotshani obomile, obuboshwe ngezindwangu. Izinyoni zixhuma ukungena kwazo, ngaleyo ndlela zifihle ngokuphelele umnyango wesidleke ezilwaneni ezizingelayo.
Isidleke sesibili kwesinye isikhathi siyakhiwa eceleni kwesidleke esikhulu, kepha imvamisa asiqediwe. Esikhundleni se-taphole encane, isidleke esingeziwe sineminyango emibili evulekile eseceleni. Abaqaphi bezinyoni baphikisana ngenhloso yayo. Kukholakala ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukuphumula kwezinyoni. Lokhu kukhonjiswa ukungabi bikho kwempahla yolwelwesi (ezansi) ezansi kwesidleke.
Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa kwesidleke, insikazi izalela amaqanda amhlophe okweqanda ayisi-6-7. Ububanzi beqanda obude bungu-16-18 mm, obufushane bungaba ngu-11 mm. Imvamisa insikazi ifukamela amaphuphu, kuthatha amasonto ama-2.
Amachwane azalwa ecishe abe nqunu, ambozwe ngokushesha nge-fluff futhi ondle kakhulu. Ukudla kwamaphrotheni kuvumela amatshwele ukuthi abonakale esekhulile ngokuphelele ezinsukwini eziyi-15, kuleli banga aphuma esidlekeni. NgoJuni-Julayi amazinyane ezinqwaba ezincane avele ehlathini.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zadonsela ukunakekelwa kweqiniso lokuthi ama-clutch clutch angama-30% alahliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqanda abekwayo ayafa. Ukuqaphela kukhombisile ukuthi izidleke zishiywa ngabazali abaphilile abakwazi ukuzondla bona kanye nezingane zabo.
Isizathu sokungaziphathi kahle kwezinyoni savulwa ngemuva kokulandela ngokucophelela izinyoni. Kuvele ukuthi ukuphonsa imvuthu ekugcineni kuholela ekwandeni kwenani lamarandi asindile.
Umzali oyedwa angachamusela abese ondla amaphuphu: owesilisa noma owesifazane. Owesibili ushiya i-clutch bese efuna umlingani omusha, okuzokwakhiwa naye isidleke esisha, i-clutch entsha eyenziwe futhi, mhlawumbe, elinye ibhande lamachwane.
I-clutch ishiyelwa ukunakekelwa kwe-lemez ebuthakathaka: izindleko zamandla zokufukamela nokondla inzalo ziphansi kunokweluka isidleke. Ukwehlukaniswa kwamabhangqa ngaphambi kokuqala kokufukamela kuyathetheleleka ngobuningi: i-pendulum eqinile entwasahlobo eyodwa ichamisela amatshwele kabili.
Umzamo wokwakha imindeni emibili esikhathini esisodwa sokuzalisa awuhlobene kuphela nesimo somzimba sezinyoni. Le ndaba ididekile ukuthambekela okungokwemvelo kwabesilisa kokuvuza inzalo eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngofuzo lwabo. Abesilisa balinda insikazi ukuba izalele amaqanda ukuze ithole enye insikazi futhi inakekele amazinyane amasha.
Kwezinye izimo, le algorithm yehluleka. Zombili izinyoni ziyasishiya isidleke bese ziyandiza ziyofuna umbhangqwana omusha, mhlawumbe zingakwazi "ukuvumelana" ngokuthi ngubani okufanele afukamele futhi ondle amaphuphu achanyuselwe. Yize kunamaphutha wabazali, inani eliphelele lezimpendulo zamantombazane ezivele kule nkathi yokwakha izidleke likhulu kunalokho obekungaba khona ngokudla okuphindwe kabili kwezilwane ezisencane.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Izici zemilingo nezokwelapha kuthiwa zenziwa ngama-trams, ikakhulukazi izidleke zawo ezindaweni lapho ahlangana khona okungenani ngezikhathi ezithile. Indoda eyathola isidleke seRemeza yasiphatha yaya nayo ekhaya. Iqiniso lokutholakele lalithathwa njengempumelelo enkulu. Isidleke esitholakele samiswa ophahleni, sagcinwa, sadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo.
Izizathu zokunakekela isidleke zicacile: kwaqinisekisa ukuchuma, impilo, ukuzala. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuxabana phakathi kwabashadikazi, isidleke besiboshelwa endukwini, kufanekisela ukushaya indoda nenkosikazi. Ukubuyiselwa kokuthula kwaqinisekiswa.
Izinto okwakhiwa ngazo isidleke seRemez zazisetshenziselwa ukufutha. Yayinomlingiswa owenza ngcono imilingo nempilo. Imfuyo yathelwa ngentuthu, ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala isikhathi sokuzala, ukukhiqiza ubisi oluningi nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Ukutholwa kweziguli, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphethwe umkhuhlane, i-erysipelas, izifo zomphimbo namaphaphu, akulethanga ukukhululeka nje kuphela, kepha kuphinde kwalulama ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwe-fumigation, ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene, kwasetshenziswa ama-compresses esidlekeni esimanzi se-Remez. Izimpawu, i-pendulum ehlobene nezinyoni, izinkolelo zabantu, izindlela zokupheka ezingasalibaleki zisekhona ezindaweni lapho zinezidleke khona.
