Izimbuzi zingesinye sezilwane zokuqala ukufuywa ngabantu. Babengumthombo wemikhiqizo ebalulekile - inyama nobisi, kanye noboya kanye ne-fluff. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimbuzi ezifuywayo, enye yazo endala kunazo zonke iNubian. Lapho kuvela lolu hlobo oluyigugu, kungani luthakazelisa, yiziphi izinzuzo zalo eziyinhloko, ake sizame ukukuthola ndawonye.
Umlando wozalo
Uma ukhuluma ngohlobo lwembuzi lweNubian, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imvamisa sikhuluma ngohlobo lwe-Anglo-Nubian olukhuliswe ngokuzala. I-ibex yasendle, ebizwa nangokuthi iNubian, ihlobene kancane nohlobo.
Izimbuzi zaseNubian mhlawumbe zingenye yokutholwa komuntu okuphumelele kakhulu ekufuyeni izilwane. EYurophu, lezi zilwane zivame kakhulu. ERussia, uhlobo luye lwathandwa kamuva nje. Kodwa ukuzalanisa kwabo kuya ngomfutho unyaka nonyaka. Umlando wabo ubuyela emuva endulo yakudala.
Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo lwesayensi, kwatholakala ukuthi izimbuzi ezifanayo zazisondele eduze kwabantu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-9 eyedlule. Igama livela lapho kwazalwa khona isilwane esithathwe njengesizwe - Ugwadule lwaseNubian empumalanga ye-Afrika, eSudan. Ezikhathini zasendulo, le ndawo yayiphethwe abaseGibhithe.
Abafuyi baseGibhithe lasendulo baphinde bafuya izimbuzi zokuqala zaseNubian lapho. Futhi kuphela eNkathini Ephakathi, abacwaningi baseFrance bashiya amarekhodi okuqala ngalolu hlobo. Umlando wanamuhla uqale njengomphumela womsebenzi wokukhetha owenziwa ngabafuyi baseBrithani, kusukela ngekhulu le-19.
Ekuthomeni kokukhethwa kwakukhona amapheya amabili ezimbuzi - eyodwa evela eNdiya, eyesibili ivela e-Afrika. Lo mbhangqwana waseNdiya wawusekela, kwakuyizimfanelo zakhe ezimangazayo ezaba nomthelela omkhulu ohlotsheni. Kamuva, hhayi kuphela amasampula avela e-Afrika, kodwa naseYurophu nase-Asia athathwa njengezibonelo ezengeziwe.
Umphumela uba uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwezimbuzi zase-Anglo-Nubian, ezinengaphandle elingavamile, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, nokuzithoba ngokweqile. Igama elithi "Nubian" lanikezwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngemuva kokuthi amakhophi okuqala eza eMelika. Kusukela ngo-1900, eNew World, inani labantu bayo lakhiwe ngenkuthalo, okuye kwaduma kakhulu kubalimi bendawo.
Izimbuzi zafika eRussia ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka kamuva. Umnikelo obaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni wenziwe nguNN Markelova, umphathi wephrojekthi kanye nomqondisi weLadushka ANO. Kwakungenxa yosizo lwakhe ukulethwa amasampula, futhi waphakamisa ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ezingavamile ezindaweni ezivulekile Russian.
Incazelo nezici
Uhlobo lweNubian alunakudidaniswa nolunye. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaNubiya yizindlebe ezinde ezinde, ikhala elincishisiwe, elinikeza izikhulu ze "Gascon" kuphrofayili. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "iphrofayili yaseRoma". Amehlo esilwane makhulu, velvety futhi afana namehlo ezinyamazane.
Ngenhla kwazo kunemiqansa ebunzini elingenhla, futhi ngaphezu kwabo kunesiphongo esikhulu nesiwumqansa. Okujwayelekile Imbuzi ye-Anglo-Nubian inkulu futhi ithwala inyama eningi kunezinye izinhlobo. Inamandla, umuntu omdala angaba nesisindo sama-60-70, amanye afinyelela ku-100 kg, kepha kubukeka kunomusa.
Umzimba uvulekile futhi awubanzi kakhulu, kepha mkhulu, ukuphakama ezingeni lehlombe kungama-80-90 cm.Imilenze emide mincane futhi iqonde ngqo. Eziduna zinezimpondo ezincane zigobile emuva. Abesifazane imvamisa abanazimpondo (abanazimpondo), lapho bakhululeka khona lapho benamasonto ama-2. Umbele wezimbuzi mkhulu, izingono zinde.
Ziphansi ngesisindo nangosayizi kwabesilisa. Izimbuzi ezindala zinesisindo esingu-45-55 kg. Ijazi libushelelezi futhi libuthakathaka uma lithintwa, lifushane futhi libukeka ngomzimba, ngaphandle kwejazi. Umbala wezimbuzi nezimbuzi uhluke kakhulu - kusuka kwamalahle-mnyama noma amhlophe njengeqhwa kuya ku-velvet-fawn noma ngokubonakala okuthandekayo.
Izilwane zinezwi elikhulu, kepha azithandi ukuzidonsela amehlo ngokungadingekile. Ukufuna ukukhala kuzwakala kuphela uma kukhona okubakhathaza ngempela. Mhlawumbe kusuka kumakhaza, indlala, ukwesaba, noma isizungu. Futhi ngenye indlela, ukubingelela kwabo ukukhipha imisindo akuzange kudinge nhlobo.
Emhlambini, baziphatha ngobungane, babona umnikazi njengomholi, bangadlala ngisho naye. Imbuzi yeNubian esithombeni kusukela ohlangothini ibukeka izikhukhumeza kancane ngenxa yephrofayili yayo evelele, futhi ngaphambili ibukeka inomusa futhi inothando ngenxa yezindlebe zayo ezinkulu namehlo azwakalayo.
Izinhlobo
Ukukhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimbuzi zaseNubian, umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukusho omunye wokhokho basendle balezi zidalwa. it imbuzi yasentabeni yenubian... Isilwane esincelisayo sinesisindo esingu-62.5 kg, umzimba ungama-125 cm ubude, bese kuthi ukuphakama kubune kube ngama-cm 75. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bancane kunabesilisa. Zinesisindo esingu-26.5 kg kuphela, zingama-105 cm ubude nama-65 cm ukuphakama.
Ijazi leli libomvu ngokubomvu linamabala angavamile amnyama futhi alula ezithweni, isisu simhlophe qwa. Zinezimpondo ezivelele, nezinhlobo zombili zocansi. Kwabesilisa kuphela abakhula imitha ubude, bagoba kuqala emuva, emuva, bese phansi. Izimbuzi zinezimpondo ezingama-30 cm kuphela.
Imbuzi yeNubian ihlala ezihosheni zezintaba, ezindaweni ezinamadwala nezingwadule ezinamadwala. Abantu ababili manje sebaziwa. Eyodwa - ICapra nubiana nubiana - kuthathwa njengohlobo oluthile lokuphakanyiswa. Wakhetha ukuhlala enyakatho ye-Afrika kanye ne-Peninsula yase-Arabia, uhlala kumamitha angama-2800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Okwesibili - ICapra nubiana sinaitica (Imbuzi yaseSinayi) - ubheka izintaba eziwugwadule zaseSinayi nentshonalanga ye-Arabia, kanye nesihlabathi sasogwadule lwaseNegev, zikhululekile.
Uma sibuyela ohlotsheni lwe-Anglo-Nubian, okwamanje singakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezi-3 - IsiNgisi, i-Australia ne-American... Ekuboneni kokuqala, ziyafana, kepha nokho lezi zinhlobo zihlukile.
- Ama "Englishwomen" makhulu kunamanye, anemibala ehlukahlukene, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbuzi zawo zinemibele emikhulu. Iminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni ekuzalaneni inomphumela.
- Abafuyi base-Australia benza imizamo eminingi ekugcineni ukubukeka kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zabo zihlukaniswe ngokuthi "ezihamba phambili kunazo zonke": banezindlebe ezinde kakhulu, amakhala amancanyana kakhulu, imilenze emide kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama- "Australia" avame ukuba nomhlathi ophansi ophumile, yingakho elume kabi. Abakuboni lokhu njengobubi bohlobo.
- Abesifazane baseMelika bangaziqhenya ngesimo sombele esifanele kakhulu. Zincane kancane kunezihlobo zazo zaphesheya kwezilwandle, azinayo ingcebo enjalo yemibala yoboya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlebe zabo zimfushane kancane, kodwa amakhala abo ancishisiwe.
Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo, yize kukhona umehluko wangaphandle, zinesimo esifanayo, kanye nezinkomba ezifanayo zokukhiqiza nekhwalithi yobisi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Uhlobo lwembuzi lweNubian, njengoba sekushiwo, kusabalele eNgilandi, eScotland, eMelika, e-Australia, naseSudan, e-Ethiopia nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu. Ezweni lethu, bavame ukukhuliswa eduze naseningizimu, kanye nakwezinye izindawo eziphakathi - iMoscow, iTver neSamara.
Muva nje, ukuzalanisa kuya ngokuya kwenziwa ngaphesheya kwe-Urals, eSiberia. Lapho kunqunywa indawo yokudla kwamadlelo, udinga ukubheka ubude bayo maqondana nenye indawo. AmaNubiya athanda uhlaza olomile nolukhuni lwentaba ngaphezu kotshani obumanzi bezindawo eziphansi. Kepha kufanele kube khona idamu eduze kwedlelo.
Kungcono ukudlula ezindaweni zezimboni ezingekho ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha ama-5. Isifiso sabo sokuqhwaza noma ukukhuphukela phezulu egqumeni singabhekwa ezindaweni ezinamagquma. Insimu yedlelo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana, idedela umhlambi ngamunye wabo ngokulandelana. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi usebenzise okuphakelayo kwemvelo ngokuqhubekayo.
Umgomo ojwayelekile wokugcina izimbuzi ezinjalo eRussia kudla futhi kugxishe phakathi. Bangadliswa izinyanga eziyisithupha, nasetafuleni izinyanga eziyisithupha. Edlelweni, izimbuzi zidinga ukuboshwa. Kodwa-ke, ngemfuyo enkulu, ungazikhawulela ekuqondisweni nje.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kukhona umbono wokuthi ama-Anglo-Nubians afuna ngenkani ekunikezelweni kokudla, kepha empeleni ayizilwane ezingenakuzithoba. Bayakujabulela ukudla okusanhlamvu notshani obomile. Edlelweni, zidla utshani obusha noma amahlumela amasha. Udinga nje ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukudla kwabo, bathambekele ekudleni ngokweqile.
Ukudla okujwayelekile, njengakwezinye izimbuzi, kuqukethe ama-shreds, hay, bran, ikhekhe, amahlumela notshani nemfucumfucu yemifino. Futhi ungabanika ukudla okhethekile ngesimo se-muesli. Imvamisa le yimixube elinganiselayo, equkethe isethi, ukwakheka kwayo okushintsha nobudala besilwane. Ubukhulu bokugaya ukudla okunjalo nakho kuyahlukahluka, kuya ngenhloso - kubakhiqizi bezimbuzi, izimbuzi, ukusenga noma indwangu (embozwe) izimbuzi.
Isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi nekhwalithi yobisi, ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-flakes anemicronized (etholwe ngenxa yokucubungula okusanhlamvu ngemisebe ye-infrared, enikeza isakhiwo esingabekezeleka) samabele - i-oats, ibhali, ukolweni, ummbila, kanye nekhekhe le-beet, i-molasses, ifilakisi nokudla kwe-sunflower , izaqathe ezomisiwe, ama-beet.
Khumbula ukwengeza ushoki we-calcium ngezikhathi ezithile lapho wenza imenyu yakho. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi baneminyaka emingaki, kumele babe namanzi anele. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi faka izikhotha ezikhethekile ngokuya ngosawoti wetafula.
Lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi zenzele ukushoda kwe-sodium ne-chlorine. Vele ungazisebenzisi ngokweqile ukuze ugweme ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi noma ubuthi. Ebusika, ungagcina inani eliphakeme lemishanelo ye-linden, willow noma i-hazel. Kuphela hhayi i-birch.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imvamisa izilwane ezincane zithengwa kuqala. Lapha kubalulekile ukukhombisa umthwalo omkhulu ekukhetheni. Ukuhambisana kwamapharamitha kuzinga kumele kubhalwe phansi. Ungacela ukunambitha ubisi lwembuzi kamama. Izingane zidinga ukuthengwa kukadoti abehlukene, futhi ikakhulukazi emapulazini ahlukene.
Ngobudlelwano obuseduze, inzalo ngeke ikhiqize futhi ibe buthakathaka. Izimbuzi zalolu hlobo zingatholakala ziqala ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, kodwa kungcono ukuwela ibanga eliwunyaka owodwa. Inqubo ihlelelwe ukuphela kwehlobo, ukuze izingane zibe sezilungile ngasekupheleni kobusika.
Kukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo aluzali. Kodwa-ke, imbuzi ngayinye ingabonisa imizwa yezocansi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-17-20. Lokhu kubonakala ngokungahlaliseki kwembuzi nokungakuthandi ukudla, ngaphandle kwalokho, ihlala ingenazinjongo, iyakhala futhi iyashaya.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-150. Njengomphumela wewundlu, kutholakala izimbuzi ezi-2-3. Amazinyane makhulu, angagcinwa ehlukile embuzini ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala bathola i-colostrum yomama, lokhu kuzosiza ukwakheka kokuzivikela komzimba, okungenakho lapho bezalwa.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwemindeni
Abantu bavame ukuba nezimbuzi zamaNubian emapulazini abo. Ukuzalanisa kwabo kulula, futhi nezilwane ngokwazo azihambisani nezinto ezithile. Bathanda amadlelo womabili notshani esizeni sabo. Izimo ezibalulekile izindlu ezifudumele nokudla okufanele. Isiphala sabo kufanele sishiswe, somile futhi sikhanyise.
Abakubekezeleli okusalungiswa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvala yonke imifantu nezimbobo ezindongeni. Kodwa okunye ukungena komoya kusadingeka ukuze udoti ungashisi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukwenza ngokwakho. Ngaphezu kwewindi, futhi mhlawumbe amawindi ambalwa, udinga ukuletha ukukhanya ekamelweni. Lokhu kuzokhanyisa izinsuku zabo ezimfishane zasebusika.
Imfucumfucu yenziwa ngongqimba lwefula, uthuli lwamasaha, noma utshani. Ubukhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi busuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Inikeza ukufudumeza okushisayo futhi ivikele esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Izimbuzi azikuthandi ukulala phansi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi ubakhele amalitha elanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwenziwa ipulatifomu ezungeze umkhawulo wegumbi ngamabhodi abanzi ekuphakameni kwama-40 cm ukusuka phansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, "intaba edlule" iyabahlupha, bayathanda ukukhuphuka yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke, ungabenza amanye amagquma ambalwa. Kungcono ukuzigcina zinama-congener. Yize kwesinye isikhathi zingabekwa nezinye izimbuzi, ngisho nezinyoni.
Ukuhamba yingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina amaNubian engenazinhloso. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukwenza i-corral eduze kwesibaya. Kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, ngaphandle kweqhwa elinamandla nomoya, kufanele bakwazi ukuthola umoya ohlanzekile.
Izingane zivame ukugcinwa ngokuhlukile ezilwaneni ezindala, igumbi lazo lifakwe cishe ngendlela efanayo, phansi kuphela ngezansi. Kwesinye isikhathi izindlu zezimbuzi zifakwa ngokwengeziwe ebusika ngamagatsha e-coniferous, futhi amafasitela avalwa ngaphakathi.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Izinhlangothi eziqondile:
- Imikhiqizo ayinalo iphunga lesici.
- Ubisi lusezingeni eliphakeme.
- Zivundile ngokwanele futhi zinempilo enhle.
- Ziyazijabulisa futhi ziyahamba, yize lezi zimfanelo zinecala elibi.
- Ngokuphathelene nomnikazi, banothando, bayathobela futhi bayathobela.
- Isimilo sabo kungabizwa ngokuthi abanobungane, bejabule, ngokuvamile babe ezifuywayo eziluthambile emndenini. Zwana kahle nezingane.
- Bahlakaniphile futhi bahle ngaphandle.
Izinhlangothi ezingezinhle:
- Kwabekezelelwa kabi amakhaza amakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kwejazi.
- Zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kuzona kunezinye izimbuzi, ngakho-ke zikulungele ukuzalanisa emapulazini amancane.
- Bangabonisa inkani nokungazethembi (khumbula, ukuhamba?), Ngakho-ke umuntu omdala kuphela okufanele ahlanganyele emadlelweni.
- Ukuzibandakanya kwesinye isikhathi kunqamula ubumnandi, kungagcina, noma kungenazo izimpondo. Kepha bayayeka ngokushesha uma bebona ukuphakama komphikisi.
- Izindleko eziphezulu zezilwane.
Ukubuyekezwa mayelana nenyama nobisi lwamaNubiya
Inyama yembuzi yeNubian Ingabe umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngosayizi, kunenqwaba yenyama. Icebile ngama-amino acid, amafutha namavithamini. Kuboniswe asebekhulile, izingane, iziguli ezinokushoda kwenhliziyo nokuzivikela komzimba.
Ubisi lunamafutha amaningi, cishe u-5-8.5%. Futhi okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kuwo kungu-3.7%. Iphambi kwezinye izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo ngekhwalithi nokuqukethwe kwamafutha. Owesifazane oyedwa waseNubian anganikeza amalitha angu-3.5-5 obisi ngosuku. Kwenza ushizi omuhle, i-cottage shizi ne-yogurt.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunambitheka kobisi kumnandi kakhulu - okukhilimu, okucebile futhi okubucayi. Abanye abantu bakuthola kunambitheka njengo-ayisikhilimu, amantongomane noma i-nutmeg. Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwama-microelements, kuseduze nobisi lwebele lomuntu. Kokubili inyama nobisi akunalo iphunga elithile.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, eNtshonalanga, izimbuzi zalolu hlobo zithengwa emhlambini ukuze kwandiswe ikhwalithi ephelele yomkhiqizo. Kwezinye izingosi ungathola izibuyekezo nezeluleko zabazalanisi bezimbuzi ezisanda kungena. Abaningi abanesithakazelo emibuzweni nje kuphela yokuba wusizo kwemikhiqizo etholwe kuma-Anglo-Nubians, kodwa nasekukhokhelweni kwezilwane.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, inani labo libhekwa njengelikhulu - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-150,000 kuya kuma-250,000 embuzi endala, kanye ne-100,000 ngembuzi enenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusadingeka utshale imizamo eminingi ukuze imbuzi ikhule futhi imbuzi iqale ukuthela izithelo. Esikhathini esiningi, kudingeka okungenani abantu abane ukuzalanisa. Futhi lezi izindleko ezinkulu. Kodwa abanikazi abanolwazi bathi ngempumelelo ethile, izindleko zingabuyiselwa eminyakeni engu-3-4.
