I-Zaanenskaya imbuzi yasekhaya yokukhethwa kwezwe. Izimangalo zokuba uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lobisi. Kusatshalaliswe eYurophu, emazweni ase-Asia anesimo sezulu esipholile, eNyakatho Melika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Izimbuzi zobisi ezimhlophe zitholakala emapulazini naseRussia. Abafuyi bemfuyo bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zesimanje zobisi zivela ezimbuzini ze-Saanen.
Umlando wozalo
Akukhona kuphela amabhange nabenzi bamawashi abahlala eSwitzerland, ingxenye enkulu yabantu abenza ezolimo. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kwakukhona abalimi abaningi ababengenamhlaba. Ukuze abantu basinde, uhulumeni washaya imithetho eminingi. Ngokuhambisana nayo, imindeni ehlwempu kakhulu yanikezwa izingane mahhala.
Imbuzi kaSaanen
Ukuklaba mahhala kwezilwane ngaphandle kwamadolobhana kwakuvunyelwe. Abanikazi bezinkomo zezimbuzi ezincane bathola amakhefu entela. Izimbuzi zazikhula ezimfundeni eziphakeme. Ukukhululeka kokugcinwa, ikhwalithi yobisi, inyama kanye nemizamo yeziphathimandla kwenza izilwane zathandwa. Babizwa "ngezinkomo zomuntu ompofu." Ukukhiqizwa kwezimbuzi kwandiswe ngokukhethwa kwemvelo.
Ngekhulu le-18, izilwane zazizalwa ngosayizi omkhulu, umbala omhlophe futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zazingenazimpondo. Lolu hlobo lwagcina lwakhiwa ngekhulu le-19. Indawo yemvelaphi yayo ithathwa njengesifunda esingokomlando iSaanen (i-German Saanenland, iFrance Comté de Gessenay), engxenyeni eseningizimu yenkantini yaseBern.
Umhlobo lo wabizwa ngokuthi yi "Saanen mbuzi" (i-German Saanenziege, French Chèvre de Gessenay). Abafuyi bemfuyo bathande izimbuzi zaseSwitzerland, baqala ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngawo-1890, kwavela izilwane eRussia. Sekukonke, izimbuzi ze-Saanen zithunyelwe emazweni angama-80. Izimbuzi ze-Saanen esithombeni, ezenziwe ngekhulu le-XIX, zitholakala kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo.
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwaqala ukusebenza kwezimboni kwezolimo, ukulahleka kwesithakazelo emisebenzini yabalimi, ukukhula kwenhlalakahle yabantu baseYurophu kwaholela ekwehleni kokuthandwa kokufuya izimbuzi. Isimo sesishintshile kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990s - kukhona ukwanda kwesibalo sezimbuzi.
Imbuzi yeSaanen
Uhlobo lweSwitzerland Alpine (Gemsfarbige Gebirgsziege) lubamba indawo yokuqala ekuthandeni. Uhlobo lweZaanen lusendaweni yesibili ngokwezibalo. Namuhla eSwitzerland umhlambi wezimbuzi ze-Saanen uhlanganisa amakhanda ayi-14,000. Inani labantu lisondela kubantu abayizigidi ezi-1.
Incazelo nezici
Kafushane nje, lesi silwane singachazwa njengembuzi enkulu yobisi, ikakhulukazi engenazimpondo, enesikhumba esimhlophe. Izindinganiso zaseYurophu zibonisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini okufanele ibe imbuzi ye-Saanen ehlanzekile.
- Ukukhula kokubuna kwabesifazane kungama-70-80 cm, izimbuzi zinkulu - kufika kuma-95 cm ekubuneni.
- Umugqa ongemuva uvundlile, ukukhula kwe-sacrum kusuka ku-78 kuye ku-88 cm.
- Umzimba welulwa ubude ngo-80-85 cm.Umzimba wesilwane uma ubukwa ohlangothini useduze kwesikwele.
- Ububanzi besifuba ezimbuzini bungamasentimitha angama-88, ezimbuzini bufinyelela kuma-95 cm.
- Ububanzi besifuba kwabesifazane nabesilisa busondele ku-18.5 cm.
- Ububanzi bomhlane e-sacrum bungu-17 cm ezimbuzini, 17.5 cm ezimbuzini.
- Isisindo sezimbuzi ezindala asikho ngaphansi kwama-60 kg, izimbuzi zinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-80 kg.
Izindinganiso zezilwane azibandakanyi kuphela osayizi obuvumelekile nezisindo, kodwa futhi zisho nezici zekhwalithi yengaphandle.
- Imbuzi yeSaanen yisilwane esikhulu esinethambo elinamandla.
- Isifonyo sinwetshiwe ngolayini wempumulo oqondile, i-hump encane ivunyelwe.
- Ama-auricles ame mpo ekhanda, abheke phambili. Izindlebe ezivulekile zibhekwa njengokukhubazeka kohlobo.
- Amehlo makhulu, amile okwe-alimondi.
- Ibhantshi lifushane, lide ngemuva nasezinhlangothini kunengxenye yomzimba engezansi (ventral).
- Umbala wesilwane uvame ukuba mhlophe msulwa, kuvunyelwe umthunzi okhilimu okhanyayo. Okuhlukile yizilwane zomugqa wohlobo lweNew Zealand.
Ngohlobo lobisi, izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Izimbuzi zaseSwitzerland zaseSaanen ezinokudla okuxubekile nokwanda kwesibhakabhaka zinika ubisi olungu-850 kg ngonyaka. Ngonyaka, lezi zilwane zinezinsuku zobisi ezingama-272, okusho ukuthi u-3.125 kg wobisi wondliwa ngembuzi eyodwa ngosuku olulodwa.
Izimbuzi ze-Saanen zidla emadlelweni
Ngaphezulu kuka-3 kg wobisi ngosuku - imiphumela emihle. Kodwa izimbuzi zaseBrithani iSaanen - ingxube yezinhlobo zaseSwitzerland nezaseNgilandi zasendaweni - ziyakwazi ukuqopha isivuno sobisi. Abesifazane baseBrithani banikeza ubisi olungu-1261 kg ngonyaka olunamafutha angu-3.68% no-2.8% wamaprotheni obisi.
Izimbuzi ze-Saanen azibonakali ngokukhiqiza kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokusebenza kahle kwazo. Ukuthola i-1 kg yobisi, izimbuzi zondliwa ngokudla okuncane kunezinkomo. Kulokhu, izimbuzi zingadla kuma-coarmer karmas. Kodwa-ke, ubisi lwenkomo lubiza kakhulu. Ukugcina izinkomo epulazini lesimanje lemfuyo kubiza imali encane kunokugcina izimbuzi.
Izimbuzi zaseZaanean yizilwane ezinokuthula. Baphatha abantu ngaphandle kolaka. Emihlambini ehlanganisiwe, azincintisani ngezikhundla eziholayo, yize zeqa ngosayizi wezimbuzi zezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazama ukushiya umhlambi. Ngokwemvelo, lezi yizilwane ezizimele, zinomqondo ongathuthukisiwe womhlambi.
Izinhlobo
Izilwane ze-Saanen zihlukaniswa njengezimbuzi ezifuywayo (i-Capra hircus), okuthi ngokokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo kungokwenhlobo ye-ibex (Capra). Njengomphumela wokukhethwa, uhlobo lweSaanen lwahlukaniswa lwaba imigqa eminingana. Okudume kakhulu yilokhu:
- Imbuzi yaseSwitzerland Saanen;
- I-banat emhlophe yaseRomania
- Imbuzi yaseMelika eyiSaanen;
- Izimbuzi zikaSaanen Nubian;
- Imbuzi yaseBrithani iSaanen;
- INew Zealand noma imbuzi yesable;
- Imbuzi emhlophe yaseRussia.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zasendaweni zembuzi yeSaanen eSwitzerland. Ngokungafani nohlobo lwe-canonical, mancane, anesisindo, cishe angama-50 kg. Isikhumba kungenzeka singabi mhlophe qwa. Inzuzo enkulu yezinhlobo zasendaweni zohlobo lwe-Saanen ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo.
Umbala kashokoledi wembuzi weSaanen, elinye igama liyathengiseka
Umbala ojwayelekile wezimbuzi ze-Saanen umhlophe. ENew Zealand, kutshalwa izilwane lapho kutholakala khona ufuzo olubhekele umbala onsundu. Ngenxa yalokho, izimbuzi zaseNew Zealand akuzona ezimhlophe kuphela, kodwa futhi zinsundu, nsundu, zimnyama. Ngo-2005, lo mzila wokuzalisa waqashelwa abafuyi bemfuyo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukondla Izimbuzi Ze-Saanen kukhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lobisi olutholakele. Ehlobo bathola ifolishi eluhlaza, okusanhlamvu nokondliwa okuhlanganisiwe. Ebusika, esikhundleni samakhambi, i-hay ifakiwe ekudleni. Amanani okuphakelayo aphakeme ngama-20% kunesilinganiso senyama nezilwane zabomdabu abanomkhiqizo wobisi omaphakathi.
Emapulazini azimele lapho kugcinwa khona inani elincane lezilwane, amamenyu abo ayathuthukiswa ngezikhulumi, ezibandakanya ama-crust esinkwa, okusanhlamvu okubilisiwe, izinsalela zokudla, ama-beet, neminye imifino.
Ukondla Izimbuzi Ze-Saanen
Ngokugcinwa kwezimbuzi ezimbonini, ukudla kwezilwane kufaka amaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali. Ukuthola isivuno esikhulu sobisi ehlobo, kufika ku-30%, ebusika, kufika ku-40% wenani eliphelele lokudla kwezimbuzi ukudla okuhlanganisiwe. Kubandakanya:
- ibhali, i-oats, i-bran kakolweni;
- i-sunflower nekhekhe le-camelina;
- ifolishi phosphate (amaminerali sigqoka);
- i-sodium chloride (usawoti wetafula);
- trace izakhi, amavithamini supplements.
Okungenani ama-60% esamba esiphelele kufanele kube yi-roughage. Ukwehla kwenani labo kuholela ezinkingeni ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane kuqala ngesisombululo sezinkinga zokukhulelwa. Izimbuzi ze-Saanen zikulungele ukuzala zinezinyanga eziyi-8 ubudala. Izimbuzi ezisencane zikulungele ukuzala izinyanga eziyi-1-2 kamuva. Lapho ugcina izimbuzi emizini yangasese nasemapulazini amancane, le nkinga ixazululwa ngendlela yendabuko, yemvelo.
Indlela yezimboni yokuzalaniswa kwezimbuzi ihilela ukufakelwa isidoda okufakelwayo. Le ndlela inokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole umphumela oqinisekisiwe ngesikhathi esihleliwe. Izimbuzi ze-Saanen achanyuselwe inzalo izinsuku eziyi-150. Kungaba nokuchezuka okuncane kwesikhashana okuhambisana nobudala nesimo somzimba sembuzi.
Imvamisa kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, ezimweni ezingavamile ezimbili. Kusasele inyanga ngaphambi kokuba kudedelwe umthwalo, imbuzi ayisengwa. Imvamisa imbuzi ngaphandle kosizo ibhekana nokubeletha. Kepha ukuba khona kukadokotela wezilwane ngeke kube yinto engadingekile. Ngemuva kokubeletha, imbuzi ilulama ngokushesha.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, angaphinde akulungele ukuzala. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka owodwa, imbuzi ingazala inzalo kabili. Izimbuzi zivunyelwe ukuhlangana nembuzi ngendlela yokuthi ukuzalwa kwezimbuzi kungenzeki engxenyeni yesibili yobusika, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukondla.
Izimbuzi zohlobo lwe-Saanen
Isikhathi esihle sokuzalwa kwezingane entwasahlobo entwasahlobo. Izingane zasentwasahlobo zinamandla futhi ziyasebenza. Izimbuzi ezikwazi ukufinyelela otshanini obusha zilulama ngokushesha. Abanikazi bezilwane banamasu amabili okondla izingane zabo:
- izingane zishiywa eceleni kukanina kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezine ubudala;
- izimbuzi zisuswa emabeleni kanina kusenesikhathi bese ziyiswa ekudleni okufakelwayo.
Nganoma iyiphi indlela yokondla, impilo yezimbuzi ezisencane ikhawulelwa ezinyangeni ezi-2-3, imvamisa kule minyaka zifika ebhusha. Izimbuzi zihlala isikhathi eside, kepha ukuxhashazwa okukhulu kwezilwane ezikhiqizayo kuholela ekuwohlokeni komzimba okusheshayo.
Izimbuzi ezindala kuneminyaka eyi-7-8 akuvamile ukuthi zigcinwe epulazini, ukuqhubeka kwazo kungabi nenzuzo futhi kuhlatshwe izilwane. Yize impilo yemvelo yezimbuzi ze-Saanen ikuphinda kabili lokho. Bangaphila iminyaka eyi-12-15.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa epulazini
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina izimbuzi zaseZaan:
- ngokwesiko, emhlambini omncane;
- engenamadlelo, unyaka wonke ezindaweni ezivalekile, ezitebeleni.
Uhlobo lokuqala lujwayelekile emapulazini ngamanye namapulazi amancane. Ukugcina izimbuzi epulazini elincane kuvame ukuqala ngokuthengwa kwembuzi yokusenga. Lokhu kukwenza uzwe umthelela wokuvela kwesilwane sobisi epulazini.
Izimbuzi ze-Saanen zimhlophe, ngokuvamile azinamaphondo, zinemibele emikhulu namabele amakhulu. Ubisi lwe-Zaanenok alunuki. Ukuze bathembeke, bazama ubisi embuzini abazoyithenga. Futhi, basebenzisa inqubo elula: baklwebha ibunzi lesilwane. Iminwe ethinta imbuzi akufanele iphunga.
Ijazi elicwebezelayo, ukuzimisela ukuhamba, amehlo aqhakazile, impumulo ecacile engenakungabaza ukuphuma kuyizimpawu zesilwane esinempilo. Ukuhlola iminyaka yembuzi, unikezwa i-crouton. Isilwane esincane sibhekana naso ngokushesha, imbuzi endala ayikwazi ukuyidonsa isikhathi eside. Amazinyo yinto yokuqala ebola ngokuguga ezimbuzini ze-Saanen.
Ukuzalelwa kwezimbuzi kweZaanen kudume kakhulu.
ERussia maphakathi nedlelo ukugcina izimbuzi ze-Saanen kubalwa izinsuku ezingu-190, isitolo esingu-175. Lezi zibalo ziyalinganiselwa, izimo zezulu zendawo zingaziguqula. Ukuze kube nobusika obuntofontofo, kwakhiwa inqolobane enepulangwe phansi. Ukufakwa okwengeziwe, kubekwa ungqimba olujiyile lotshani.
Ukunakekelwa kwedlelo lasehlobo kuncike kakhulu ezimeni nasendaweni yakhona. UZaanenko uvame ukuklaba emhlambini wezimvu ezimbuzi ezihlanganisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umalusi kufanele azinake ngokukhethekile. Izimbuzi ze-Purebred Saanen zinomzwelo ongakhuli kahle womhlambi, aziphikisi ukushiya iqembu liqhubeke nokudla utshani bodwa, ngakho-ke, idlelo elibiyelwe liyindlela yesibili futhi, mhlawumbe, indlela engcono kakhulu yokudla izimbuzi ehlobo.
Izimbuzi ze-Saanen zilungele ukumiswa unyaka wonke ngenxa yesimo sazo sokuzola kanye nokuntuleka kwezimpondo. Ukwakhiwa kwezilwane akugcini ngokufakwa ematafuleni kuphela, kodwa kunemishini yokwaba okuphakelayo, imishini yokusenga, ukukhanyisa nokushisa izinhlelo. Le ndlela mhlawumbe ayilithuthukisi ikhwalithi yobisi, kepha yehlisa izindleko zayo.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezimfanelo ezinhle nezimbi zezimbuzi ezivela eSaanen kusivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi ukuthandwa kwalezi zilwane kunengqondo impela.
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kuyinzuzo enkulu yohlobo lwe-Saanen.
- Ukungabikho kwephunga elithile kuyinzuzo ebalulekile yezimbuzi ezifuywa eSwitzerland Alps.
- Isimo sengqondo ngabantu nezinye izilwane asinabo ubudlova.
Lolu hlobo lunikeza ubisi oluningi
Zonke izilwane ezifuywa ngenhloso ethile zinenkinga eyodwa - azikho emhlabeni jikelele. Izimbuzi ze-Saanen zinika ubisi oluningi, inyama yazo inekhwalithi eyanele ngokwanele, kepha izimbuzi azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngekhwalithi ephansi noboya.
Ukubuyekezwa kwenyama nobisi
Uma kukhulunywa ngenyama yezimbuzi nobisi, imibono ihlukene phakathi. Iningi labafuyi bezimbuzi bathi ubisi nenyama yezimbuzi ze-Saanen akunalo iphunga elithile lenyama yembuzi. Kukholakala ukuthi Ubisi lwembuzi lwe-Saanen ayibangeli ukungezwani komzimba, isiza umzimba wengane ukuba ubhekane nalesi sifo.
Inyama encane iqukethe uqwanga oluningi kunengulube noma inyama yenkomo. Leli qiniso likhulumela inyama yembuzi. Ama-collagens, i-calcium etholakala kuqwanga, ayazuzisa umzimba womuntu, ikakhulukazi amalunga.
UMaria wase-Orel uthi: “Sahlala nogogo wami inyanga yonke. Siphuze ubisi lwembuzi ngenjabulo. Ingane eneminyaka engu-1.5 ibonakele ngokusobala, yazuza amakhilogremu alahlekile. Wonke umuntu emndenini usethuthukile. "
Umama wase-Omsk ubhala ukuthi ingane yakhe yesibili ayizwani nezinto ezithile. Angikwazanga ukuma izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo, zimbozwe ukuqubuka. Ingane yakhula, futhi umama wayidlulisela obisini lwembuzi ye-zaanenko. "Ugh, ugh, ugh, izilonda sezihambile, mina ngokwami ngikhulele obisini lwembuzi, ngadla iphalishi, ngaliphuza," kusho umama.
UDokotela Natalya N. ukholelwa ukuthi akukho mehluko ukuthi hlobo luni lobisi okufanele lunikezwe izingane nabantu abadala: ubisi lwenkomo, lwembuzi noma lwembuzi. Ngokombono wokuphepha okuthelelanayo, ubisi oluphuma esikhwameni lungcono kunalolo olutholakala esilwaneni.
Akukho ukuvumelana ngobisi lwembuzi olubikiwe ezinkundleni. Kungashiwo ngokungangabazeki ukuthi ngeke isebenze esikhundleni sobisi lwebele. Ngaphambi kokunikeza lolu bisi izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi abagulayo nabanezifo zokungezwani komzimba, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho.
UMarina wase-Ufa uyakhalaza: “Abazali bafuya izimbuzi ze-Saanen. Inyama iyaphekwa bese kuphekwa ipilaf. Ngingena endlini, ngizwa iphunga elincane. IWundlu linuka kabi kimi. Kodwa inyama imnandi kakhulu. "
U-Olga wase-Ulyanovsk ubhala ukuthi inyama yembuzi ihlukile kunengulube, inyama yenkomo newundlu. Kepha hhayi okubi kakhulu. Lapho upheka inyama yesilwane esincane, isitshulu, ukupheka ama-cutlets, izitsha ezimnandi ziyatholakala. Ngokusho kuka-Olga, imfihlo yokuthola inyama esezingeni eliphakeme ilele ekuhlatshweni okuyikho kobungcweti nasekukhanyeni kwesidumbu.
Ekhuluma ngenyama yembuzi, bonke abathandi balo mkhiqizo bagcizelela ukuphakama kwawo okuphekwe futhi okunamandla kunezinye izinhlobo zenyama. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi udinga ukukhetha isilwane esifanele, usihlabe ngobuciko, bese ugcina inyama ngaphandle kokuyiqanda.
Intengo
Phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia Izimbuzi ze-Saanen ethandwa. Zingathengwa embukisweni wezolimo nasemibukisweni. Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke ukuxhumana nomfuyi, umlimi wezimbuzi waseSaanen, ngqo.
Kulula futhi kuyashesha ukusebenzisa izikhangiso ezithunyelwe ku-Intanethi. Ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3, izingane zicela inani eliqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5. Izilwane ezindala ziyabiza kakhulu. Amanani ezimbuzi zeZaanen angafika kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60-70. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba khona izindleko ezengeziwe ezihambisana nokulethwa kanye nezinsizakalo zezilwane zezilwane ezithengiwe.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane eziphilayo, ubisi lwembuzi nenyama kuyathengiswa. Ubisi luthengiswa luphelele; ezitolo ezinkulu zokudla ungathola okusanhlamvu nokudla kwezingane okwenziwe ngobisi lwembuzi. Ingxenye yelitha lobisi lwembuzi ingathengwa ngama-ruble ayi-100-150. Ithini lika-200 g lokudla kwezingane elinobisi lwembuzi libiza ama-ruble angama-70.
Inyama yezimbuzi ayivamile esitolo. Kulula ukuyithola emakethe. Ngokuya ngokusika, inyama ibiza kusuka kuma-ruble angama-500 kuye kwayi-1000 noma ngaphezulu. ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Uhlobo lweZaanen lubisi, zonke izimbuzi ezizelwe nezikhuliswe kancane ziya ekuhlatshweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, inyama encane yembuzi ingathengwa eshibhile ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
