Ngisho nabadobi abangomakadebona kungenzeka ukuthi abakaze bezwe ngezinhlanzi ezingavamile njengokuthi uhlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni. Itholakala kuphela emanzini olwandle amathathu ezwe lethu - iBlack, i-Azov neCaspian. Ngokuqondile, emlonyeni wemifula nemifudlana egelezela kulezi zilwandle. I-Carp ingeyomndeni we-carp, yizinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe yamanzi angenasawoti.
Imelela uhlobo lwe-roach. Idolobha laseNovy Oskol lakhetha le nhlanzi njengesithombe esigqokweni sezingalo, njengoba yayijwayele ukutholakala lapho ngobuningi. Okwamanje iseNcwadini Ebomvu yaseRussia esigabeni esithi "isimo asichaziwe." Uphinde waqoshwa kwi-International Red Book.
Ngo-2007, ukubuyiselwa nokukhiqizwa kwalezi zinhlanzi kwaqala ngesisekelo se-Medveditsky fish hatchery. Kukhethwe le njongo, njengoba itholakala eduze nezindawo eziyinhloko zokuzalela i-carp.
Incazelo nezici
Inhlanzi ye-Carp enkulu. Ubude ingakhula ize ifike ku-75 cm, futhi ibe nesisindo esingu-6-8 kg. Umzimba uvulekile, uqine kancane ezinhlangothini. Ngaphandle kubukeka njenge-bar oblong. Isifonyo siqondile, siyindilinga. Ibunzi libanzi, liyindilinga. Ingemuva nekhanda kumnyama mpunga, luhlaza okotshani, izinhlangothi ziyisiliva, isisu simhlophe.
Ihlukile kunkohliso ngenani elikhulu lesikali kulayini ohlangothini omude kunayo yonke (ungabala izikali ezingafika kuma-65 emgqeni owodwa) nesinye sokubhukuda esikhombe, ngokumangazayo okunwebezelwe kuvunguza ngemuva. Amaphiko emhlane amnyama, amanye asampunga.
Umsila uchazwe kahle, ufolokiwe futhi umbala omnyama. Amehlo mancane, kodwa mahle impela, "amaconsi" amnyama asemaphethelweni esiliva. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uphuma kancane ngaphezu kwaleyo engezansi. Yaqanjwa ngegama elithi Carp ngenxa yokuthi amazinyo ayo asebugebengwini aqinile futhi abukhali, angasika kalula noma asike okuthile.
Abesilisa abangena emfuleni bezozala bazimbozwe ngamatayipi abunjwe yisigaxa. Ngokuvamile usike esithombeni ibukeka njengesibonelo senhlanzi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Izikali zalo ezinokucwebezela kwensimbi zilele ngokusobala nangokulinganayo, izinhlangothi ziyacwebezela ngokukhanya okusha, futhi ingemuva limnyama kancane, njengesiliva elimnyama. Imodeli ye-heraldry.
Izinhlobo
ICarp inezinhlayiya ezimbili kuphela:
1. Empeleni uqobo carp, ehlala emcengezini wolwandle olumnyama nolwe-Azov.
2. Owesibili nguKutum, ohlala oLwandle iCaspian, engxenyeni eseningizimu. Lezi zinhlobo zincane ngosayizi nesisindo. Kodwa kwakunguCaspian Kutum, okungenzeka kakhulu, ukuthi wayengukhokho we-Black Sea-Azov carp. Uncamela amanzi anosawoti alula namanzi amasha. Ubukhulu buyi-40-45 cm, buvamise ukuba ngaphansi kuka-70 cm.Isisindo sivame ukufika kuma-5 kg, yize abantu abangajwayelekile bekhula befika kuma-7 kg.
I-Kutum yayijwayele ukuba yinhlanzi yezentengiselwano evunwa ngezinga lezimboni. Manje inani labantu lehle kakhulu. Isizathu ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokuzingela ngokungemthetho ngenxa ye-caviar ebalulekile. Manje ibanjwe ngasogwini loLwandle iCaspian eduze nase-Azerbaijan, kanye nasogwini loMfula iKura.
Kokubili i-carp ne-kutum kuthathwa njengezinhlanzi ze-anadromous, yize nazo zinamafomu okuhlala kuwo. Izinhlanzi ezi-anadromous yilezo ezichitha ingxenye yomjikelezo wazo wokuphila olwandle, futhi ngokwengxenye imifula igelezela kulo. Izinhlanzi zokuhlala yizo ezikhethe uhlobo olulodwa lwamachibi endawo yokuhlala kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziyahlukahluka hhayi ngosayizi nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila, kodwa futhi nangendlela yokuzala. ICaspian kutum izalela amaqanda emanzini eduze kwezitshalo noma izimpande zezihlahla, kanti i-carp iyaqikelela, izala kuphela emfuleni ngamatshe namatshe amatshe futhi ithande ukugeleza ngokushesha.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuzalwa yokuqala ye-carp ibhekwa njengoLwandle lweCaspian. Kwakukhona lapho lapho kwasakazekela khona e-Azov naseLwandle Olumnyama. Carp eVolga akuvamile. Imvamisa entwasahlobo, nezikole zezinhlanzi ezidlulayo - i-bream, i-roach, njll. Kepha akasukumi phezulu emfuleni.
Awuhlangani nhlobo eMfuleni i-Ural. Isizathu salokhu, okungenzeka kakhulu, ukuthi le mifula ihamba kancane. Futhi umbhukudi wethu ukhetha imifula esheshayo enamatshe aphansi namanzi apholile. Kunzima futhi ukuyibona eDnieper nakuma-tributaries amaningi, ayiqhamuki ngaphezu kwama-rapids nhlobo. Kusukela emithethweni ye-Dnieper, ukhethe ezinye, njengeDesna neSvisloch, lapho i-current ishesha khona.
Kepha uvame ukutholakala eDniester, Bug naseDon. I-Carp emfuleni iDon kwenzeka kaningi, ifinyelela eVoronezh. Angabheka futhi nemingenela - i-Udu ne-Oskol, kodwa lapha sekubhekwa njengenhlanzi engajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, njengakuKuban.
Amanye amazwe ngaphandle kweRussia ajwayelene naye. Isibonelo, i-Azerbaijan, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Moldova, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Kepha lapho uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "kutum". Ayikaze ifundwe ngokwanele, indlela yayo yokuphila ayaziwa kangako. Kakhulu kungenxa yokuthi ubelokhu eyinhlanzi eyingozi.
Futhi manje, ngaphezu kwalokho, sekuyivelakancane. Ilondoloza imihlambi ogwini, olwandle oluvulekile kanye nasemilanjeni yemifula. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ungena emifuleni kancane, azale, achithe ubusika lapha abuye. Uhlukaniswa ngokwesaba, ukuqapha nokushesha.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imenyu incane, idla izimbaza, izibungu nezinambuzane. Ama-crustaceans amancane, izimpukane, ojekamanzi, nezinambuzane zasemanzini konke okungabamba. Le nhlanzi inamahloni kakhulu, iphendula kunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza noma umsindo. Lapho kutholakala ingozi, ingahle ivele isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, isiko lokuzingela lihlukaniswa ngokuhlakanipha okukhethekile. Inhlanzi ye-carp ivame ukuzingela ekuseni kakhulu noma ebusuku. Yonke inqubo yenzeka ngokujula okwanele. Akusukumi phezulu. I-carp ngokuvamile izama ukungasondeli ebusweni bamanzi ngokungadingekile. Kanye nokuzala, ukhetha izindawo zasolwandle ezinamanzi ngenxa "yekhishi" lakhe noma angene emfuleni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-carp ilungele ukuzala lapho ineminyaka engama-4-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, uvuthwa ngokocansi. Usayizi wayo ufinyelela ku-40cm. Ungena emfuleni, akhethe izindawo ezinamanzi asheshayo futhi ahlanzekile. Ngendlela, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-14 14S. Uthanda amanzi apholile anele. Kufanele kube namatshe namatshe amatshe ngezansi. Isikhathi sokuzala singaba entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ngaphambi kokuqomisana, i-carp yesilisa iba yinhle kakhulu. Amaphiko alo athola umbala obomvana obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yena uqobo "uhlotshiswe" ngama-tubercles aqinile we-nacreous. Konke lokhu ukuheha intombi. Ngemuva kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, ubuyisa ukubukeka kwakhe kwangaphambilini, lobu buhle abusadingeki kuye.
Ngendlela, ngasikhathi sinye bekukholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yale njongo kuphela la ma-tubercles asemzimbeni womuntu wesilisa ayadingeka. Kodwa-ke, kwavela ukuthi ukukhula kwakungekhona kobuhle kuphela. "Upholisha" ubuso betshe nabo, lapho umama okhulelwe ezoshiya khona amaqanda akhe, awususe umkhondo wangaphandle nokungcola.
Ngemuva kwalokho umngani uqala ukugcoba kanzima kule ndawo, kwesinye isikhathi aze azilimaze. Owesifazane ngamunye ngalesi sikhathi unabanumzane okungenani abathathu. Bonke bazama ukumsiza avundise, angaphazanyiswa ngisho nawukudla. Konke ndawonye bese kuyicindezela kakhulu itshe ngosizo lweziqu. I-carp ivundile kakhulu, ngenkathi eyodwa bangabeka amaqanda afinyelela kwizinkulungwane eziyi-150.
Ukutshala i-Kutum kuhluke kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka emanzini ngaphandle kokugeleza, noma ngokuhamba kancane. Umhlabathi awunandaba. Izibungu zishiywa lapho zingabamba khona - ematsheni, ezihlahleni zomhlanga. I-Carp iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10-12. Kuliqiniso, kwakukhona abantu abaphila iminyaka engama-20 ubudala.
Ukubamba
Inyama kanye ne-caviar ye-carp ne-kutum i-tastier kakhulu futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kune-roach. ngakho-ke ukudoba i-carp budedengu kakhulu, yize kulinganiselwe. Lokhu kumnandi kunzima kabili ngenxa yokuthi uqaphela ngokweqile. Uma umthusa, ungalindeli ukuthi angabuya ngokushesha kule ndawo. Kungenzeka angafiki lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ngabe konke kumfanele lapho.
Njengoba engumuntu othanda "ukugeza" opholile, kumele abanjwe ekujuleni okuhloniphekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo yokudoba inzima kakhulu. Imvamisa, le nhlanzi ibanjwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuntanta noma ezansi. I-carp (kutum) ihlukaniswa ngokulunywa okungapheli kanye nenkani enkulu lapho idlala.
Sithatha igiya lokuntanta ngokuya ngesipiliyoni sakho sokudoba nezimo zokudoba. Ukudoba ngasogwini, thatha izinduku zokudoba ngosayizi ka-5-6 m.Ngokuphonsa okude, izinduku ezinesibalo esikhulu samasongo omthofu ziyafaneleka, zibizwa ngokuthi izinduku zokufanisa. I-Carp iyaqaphela kakhulu futhi iyabheka, kungadingeka ukulungiswa okukhethekile. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokudla kanye nokudla kokudla, badlala indima ebalulekile ekubambeni le nhlanzi.
Ngokudoba okuphansi, siphakamisa ukuthi kubhekwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-feeder - ama-English bottom fishing tackle. Lokhu kudoba nabaphakeli. Bazoxazulula isigamu inkinga yokuhamba ekudobeni, ungaqhubeka nokudla okwenziwe ngamabala, okuzokusiza uqoqe inyamazane ngokushesha endaweni ethile. Lapho okuphakelayo kuhlanzwa ngaphandle komkhombe, kuyakhasa ezansi, kwakheke indawo yaphansi.
Izeluleko ezimbalwa zokudoba:
- Into yokuqala impela - ngaphambi kokubamba le nhlanzi, thola ukuthi ingabanjwa yini kulesi sifunda. Ungakhohlwa, inesimo senhlanzi yokuqapha.
- Yini ukubamba carp - hlola kuqala abadobi bendawo. Imvamisa, uluma amagobolondo, izibungu, imfanzi, inyama noma intamo ye-crayfish.
- Ukudoba, khetha izindawo eziyimfihlo, amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke, kufanele kube namatshe amaningi. Kuhle uma kukhona ama-eddy amancane.
- Ungasebenzisa izingcezu zenhlama noma inyama yegobolondo njengesithiyelo. Phonsa emgodini izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ezinye izinsuku, okungcono kusihlwa noma kusihlwa.
- Ukudoba i-carp, ungasebenzisa izinduku ze-carp. Thatha umugqa omude nje, ngeke uwubambe eduze kogu. Izinduku ezimbili zokudoba zanele ukudoba.
- Hamba ukudoba ekuseni kakhulu, kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Emini, i-carp ifihla.
- Uma uthola ukuxhunywa, kuvule ngokushesha. Ungamvumeli “ahambe kulayini”. Uyadlala kakhulu, uzotatazela. Zama ukuqondisa induku.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Sifunde ngomsebenzi kusuka ekusebenzeni okuncane kukaV.Vysotsky "Indaba ngeKumum". Konke ukukhiqizwa kusekelwe endabeni yomuntu omdala wase-Azerbaijan ukuthi angabamba futhi apheke kanjani amatemu. UVysotsky wabhala le ndaba ngenkathi eseLankaran ngo-1970, ngenkathi sisenezwe elilodwa elikhulu elinobungane. I-Kutum, ngamagama wesakhamuzi esidala saseMpumalanga, "ingcono kunoswidi."
- E-Krasnodar Territory, eMfuleni iKhosta, ukusika kubizwa ngokuthi "mhlophe" ngenxa yombala wayo osasiliva. Bayibamba kulezo zindawo ngommbila, ushizi osetshenzisiwe, inyama yezimbaza, isinkwa nodaka. Kodwa-ke, hhayi okwamanje lapho engena emanzini ahamba kancane. Lapha, umsebenzi wakhe uphansi kakhulu, umane akalumi.
- E-Iran, i-kutum ilungiselelwe izivakashi ezithandekayo kuphela; kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi zomndeni zokupheka izinhlanzi, ezizigcina isikhathi eside. Enye yezokupheka ngokwesiko isetshenziswa emindenini eminingi. Isitsha esibizwa nge- "Stuffed Fish" noma "Balyg Lyavyangi". Isidumbu esihlanziwe senhlanzi sigcwele inyama egayiwe, okumele iqukathe amantongomane, amakhambi, upelepele, usawoti. I-cherry plum evuthwe ngokweqile, u-anyanisi oluhlaza kanye namalenti kunikeza ukunambitheka okukhethekile. Kukhethwa imifino enephunga elimnandi - i-cilantro, i-dill. Isebenze njengesidlo semikhosi yendabuko eNovruz Bayram.
- I-Kutum ibhekwa njengenhlanzi yehlelo e-Azerbaijan. I-Pilaf, izinhlobonhlobo zezitsha ezishisayo nama-omelets (kyukyu) kulungiswa kuyo. Kuyabhenwa futhi, kufakwe imifino bese kusongwe amaqabunga omkhiwane. Izivakashi zibiza lesi sidlo ngokuthi "Khotha iminwe yakho!"
