Indawo yaseKrasnoyarsk ilingana nendawo neFrance ezine. Isuka enyakatho iye eningizimu, isuka eSevernaya Zemlya iye eTyva, ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-3000 futhi isuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga, isuka eYakutia iye kwinkululeko yeNenets, ngamakhilomitha ayi-1250. Kuthatha umcengezi woMfula iYenisei.
Ensimini yeKrasnoyarsk Territory kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwakheka komhlaba: iNtshonalanga yeSiberia, eqala ngakwesobunxele iYenisei Bank, i-Central Siberian Plateau ebhange elingakwesokudla, izintaba zaseWesay Sayan eningizimu yeTerritory.
Kunezindawo ezintathu ezinezimo zezulu ezihambisanayo esifundeni: i-arctic, i-subarctic futhi ipholile. NgoJanuwari, enyakatho yesifunda, izinga lokushisa lehla, ngokwesilinganiso, laya ku -36 ° C, eningizimu - to -18 ° C, ehlobo e-tundra izinga lokushisa eliphakeme likhuphukela ku- +13 ° C, eningizimu yesifunda - kuya +25 ° C.
Izimo zezwe nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene zilondolozile zachuma izilwane zasendaweni yaseKrasnoyarsk... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi ezithile, izilwane zangaphambi komlando ziyazikhumbuza: izinsalela zazo zitholakala enhlabathini efriziwe ye-tundra.
Izilwane ezimbiwa phansi
AmaMammoths yizilwane ezaqothulwa ekugcineni kwe-glaciation yokugcina, cishe i-10,000 BC. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezifana nezindlovu zaziphakeme kunanoma yisiphi isilwane esisemhlabeni namuhla. Isisindo sabo silinganiselwa kumathani ayi-14-15, ukuphakama kwawo kungu-5-5.5 m.Mammoths ahlala enyakatho ye-Eurasia neMelika.
Izinsalela zezilwane zitholakala enyakatho yeSiberia, ikakhulukazi eTaimyr. Ngo-2012, oneminyaka engu-11 ohlala enhlonhlweni, u-Yevgeny Salinder, wathola umammoth ogcinwe kahle. Okucacile kokutholakele ukuthi izazi ze-paleontologists azitholanga kuphela amathambo, kodwa futhi nenyama yesilwane, kufaka phakathi nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Lokhu ngukutholwa okukhulu kunakho konke okusasele kwamammoth eminyakeni yamuva.
Izilwane ezincelisayo Zendawo YaseKrasnoyarsk
Izilwane zasendle zesifunda saseKrasnoyarsk - lokhu, okokuqala, yizinhlobo ezingama-90 zezilwane ezincelisayo. Kwabaningi, iSiberia yizwe lakubo, abanye bavela eMpumalanga Ekude, kukhona abafudukayo abavela ezindaweni ze-zoogeographic zaseYurophu nase-Central Asia.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Isidlakela sePolar, isihlobo sebhere elinsundu. Unokhokho ofanayo naye. Esikhathini sePleistocene, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo kwenzeka. Ibhere le-polar seliguquke laba yisilo esikhulu se-polar. Ubude ingakhula ize ifike kumamitha amathathu.Isisindo sowesilisa ngamunye singadlula ama-800 kg.
Isikhumba sebhere simnyama, izinwele ziyaguquka, azinambala, ngaphakathi ziyize. Imiphumela ebonakalayo kanye nobukhulu besembozo soboya kwenza uboya besilwane bube mhlophe. Ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga lasehlobo, lingaphenduka liphuzi. Ibhere lizingela izilwane zasolwandle, lidla izidumbu ngokuzithandela, futhi lisondela lapho kuhlala khona abantu lifuna ukudla. Iqhwa elincibilikayo - lisongela ubukhona besigebenga esimhlophe.
Ingwe yeqhwa
Isidlakudla esilingana nendawo. Irbis yigama lesibili lesilwane. Ifana nengwe, kepha incane ngosayizi: isisindo sayo asidluli kuma-40 kg. I-irbis inengubo ejiyile, emelana nesithwathwa kanye nomsila omude, omuhle kakhulu we-pubescent.
E-Krasnoyarsk Territory, ihlala kuphela ezintabeni zaseSayan, lapho kungekho khona abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu. Lawa ayivelakancane, angajwayelekile kakhulu izilwane zaseKrasnoyarsk Territory. Esithombeni zingabonakala empilweni - neze.
Ngo-2013, ingqungquthela yokuqala yamazwe omhlaba mayelana nokongiwa kwezingwe zeqhwa yabanjelwa eBishkek. Amazwe lapho kuhlala ingwe yeqhwa ahlanganyele khona ukwakha uhlelo lwesikhathi eside lomhlaba lweqhwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo yokuhlala (i-GSLEP).
Ibhere elinsundu
Kusatshalaliswe kuso sonke isifunda, kepha kuvame ukutholakala emahlathini acebile ngemithi yemisedari. Isilwane sikhulu, izilwane zaseSiberia zifinyelela kuma-300 kg, ebusika isisindo sazo singakhula kakhulu. Umzingeli ungumninimandla onke, akenqabi isidumbu. Esigodini saseKrasnoyarsk kunqobeka ama-subspecies amabili: i-Eurasia ebhange langakwesobunxele laseYenisei, neSiberia ngakwesokudla.
Ama-canines
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zitholakala yonke indawo eKrasnoyarsk Territory. Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-35 ezakha umndeni we-canine, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Impisi iyisilwane esibi futhi ihlala futhi izingela eqenjini elihlelekile. Impisi ejwayelekile itholakala yonke indawo esifundeni. Enyakatho yesifunda, ehlathini-i-tundra, kulawula i-subspecies, i-tundra wolf. Isikhundla esisenyakatho kakhulu sihlala impisi yasendaweni. Womabili ama-subspecies akhanyayo, imvamisa amhlophe, ngombala.
- Impungushe iyisilwane esidla ezinye, iphumelela ukuzingela amagundane ngezikhathi zasehlobo nasebusika. Ungesabi izindawo ze-anthropogenic, usondela ezindlini, uvakashele izindawo zokulahla komhlaba.
- Impungushe yase-Arctic isilwane esivamile samaphethelo asenyakatho; isikhathi eside, abadobi bendawo bezingela impungushe yase-Arctic ngenxa yoboya obubalulekile. Isilwane sibizwa ngokuthi i-polar fox ngokufana kwayo ekubukeni nasekuziphatheni.
I-Wolverine
Umzingeli olingene ngokwesilinganiso esimaphakathi, ingxenye yomndeni we-weasel. Kwenzeka emahlathini-ehlathini nasehlathini lehlathi leKrasnoyarsk Territory. Isisindo, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nenkathi, kungaba ngu-10-20 kg. Ngaphandle, lesi yisilo esingajwayelekile.
Okuthile phakathi kwebhere, inja nembila. Uboya bukhulu, bunombala onsundu onsundu. Umugqa wesiliva ungadlula engxenyeni ye-dorsal. Isilo sinesizungu, sinonya ngokweqile futhi sinolaka. Izingela ama-ungulates, izinyoni ezisenyakatho, idla izidumbu.
Sable
Isilwane esivela kuhlobo lweMartens. Isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amahlathi aseSiberia. Ukhuphuka ngempumelelo ezihlahleni, uhamba ngokushesha phezu kwamadiphozi amatshe nesembozo seqhwa. Imidlwane ivela entwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukufudumala okungaguquguquki.
Insikazi yenzalo ihlomisa imbobo engajulile ezimpandeni zezihlahla, izikhala zamatshe, ama-crevasses. Umhlambi udla amagundane, izinambuzane ezinkulu, izidleke zamanxiwa, ubamba izibankwa namaxoxo. Uboya besilwane buyaziswa. Abazingeli baseTaiga bazingela amasables ebusika besebenzisa izingibe nezibhamu.
Inkabi yeMusk
I-artiodactyl enkulu. Isisindo sesilwane esincelisayo singafinyelela kuma-600 kg. Izinsikazi zilula - zinesisindo esingeqile kuma-300 kg. Ezikhulukazi ezinamakhanda amakhulu, eziqinile, zimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu. Izimpondo zinezisekelo ezinamandla, eziphambukayo ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda. Umhlambi wezinkabi zeTaimyr musk, ngokusho kokulinganisela okwenziwe ngonyaka we-2015, cishe amakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Inkomo yemiski - izilwane Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
U-Elk
Umhlali wasehlathini, osakazeke kuyo yonke ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, kufaka phakathi iKrasnoyarsk Territory. Abesilisa bakhula bafike ku-2 m ekubuneni, abesifazane bancipha kancane. Isisindo se-elk yabantu abadala singafinyelela kuma-600-700 kg.
Idla utshani, amahlamvu, ubulembu, amagxolo amancane. Ebusika obuneqhwa, kwenza ukufudukela kokudla okuncane kuye ezindaweni ezinokudla okutholakalayo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe bazama ukuthambisa nokufuya isilwane; amapulazi ama-moose akhona ngobuningi bawo ngisho namanje.
Izimvu ezinkulu
Izimvu zeBighorn zihlala futhi zizalele endaweni yokugcina yasePutoransky, kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-chubuki noma ama-bighorn izimvu. Lesi sabantu sabelwe njengama-subspecies azimele - i-Putorana ram. Izilwane zihlala emngceleni wehlathi namadlelo aluhlaza anezinqwaba zamatshe. Kusukela ethafeni lasePutorana, abantu bathuthela enyakatho. Ingxenye eseningizimu yeTaimyr yangena ebangeni lezimvu.
Izinyamazane ze-Musk
I-artiodactyl efana nenyamazane isilwane esincelisayo esincane. Ngisho nabesilisa abakhulu abedluli kuma-20 kg. Ngokungafani nenyamazane, inyamazane ye-musk ayinazimpondo, kepha abesilisa banama-canine amade asuka emhlathini ongaphezulu abheke phansi ngo-7-8 cm.
Zibukeka zingavamile ngemfuyo kanti zisetshenziswa njengesikhali sokulwa ezimpini zabesilisa. Izilwane zine-iron, efihla i-musk - impahla ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwemithi namakha. Indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yizintaba zaseSayan, kuze kufike ekuphakameni kuka-900-1000 m.
UNarwhal
Izilwane ezivikelwe zeKrasnoyarsk Territory ungahlali emhlabeni kuphela. INarwhal yisilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle esingajwayelekile esifakwe eRed Data Books yaseRussia nasezifundeni. Kuhlala emanzini asezindaweni ezibandayo, eKrasnoyarsk Territory kuvela kaningi eduze naseDikson Island, kuphawulwe amacala ama-narwhals angena emlonyeni we-Yenisei.
Ubude bezilwane zanamuhla bungu-4-5 m, umuthi, okuyizinyo eliphezulu eliguquliwe, ungafinyelela kumamitha ama-2-3. Kukholakala ukuthi umuthi usebenza ukudabula ikhava eqhubekayo yeqhwa futhi usetshenziswa njengesikhali. Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi lena inzwa eyinkimbinkimbi evumela ukuthi wena uthole ukudla futhi uzulazule kukholamu lamanzi. Inhloso yokugcina yalo mbusi ayikacaciswa.
I-Laptev walrus
Ama-subspecies angavamile we-walrus, aphumula futhi akhiqize kabusha eTaimyr. Umhlambi weLaptev walruses unezinombolo ezingama-350-400. Kancane kancane, inani lama-walrus liyakhula, ububanzi babo buyanda.
I-walrus yisilwane esikhulu esidla omnivorous. Isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile sisondela ku-1500 kg, kuyilapho esifazane sihhafu njengokukhanya. Idla izinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, ingadla izidumbu futhi ihlasele nezimpawu zasolwandle.
Izinyoni Zendawo YaseKrasnoyarsk
Kuyamangaza izilwane zaseKrasnoyarsk Territory akuzona izilwane ezincelisayo kuphela. Amakhulu ezinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlala kuzo zonke izindawo zesifunda. Ikakhulukazi izinyoni eziningi zihlangana emadwaleni aselwandlekazi naseziqhingini zoLwandle i-Arctic.
Isikhova Esincane
Umhlali onezimpaphe we-tundra. Isikhulu, isikhova, isikhova. Isifazane sinesisindo esingaba ngu-3 kg, esilisa singu-0.5 kg osindayo. Ikhanda lenyoni liyindilinga, amehlo amancane, ancishiswe nge-iris ephuzi. Ama-lemmings akha isisekelo sokudla.
Inani lezinyoni lihluka kakhulu unyaka nonyaka ngokuvumelanisa nenani lemammings. Ngaphezu kwezinjengamagundane, isikhova sizingela noma yiziphi izilwane nezinyoni ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, siyakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi, futhi asikwenqabi izidumbu.
I-seagull emhlophe
Inyoni ethobekile, enesisindo esingeqile ku-0.5 kg, enezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Izulazula kuso sonke isifunda sase-Arctic. AmaKoloni wezinyoni ezizalela izidleke aye abonwa emaweni asogwini esiqhingi saseSevernaya Zemlya. Ikoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke elinezidleke ezingama-700 latholakala eDomashny Island. Inani lezinyoni, elincane ngokushaqisayo, lithonywa ukufudumala nokuhlehla kweqhwa.
Izinkuni grouse
Inyoni enkulu, eyinqayizivele yomndeni we-pheasant. Isisindo sowesilisa singadlula ku-6 kg. Izinkukhu zilula - zingadluli ku-2kg. Inyoni yokwakha izidleke, yenza ukufuduka kokudla okuncane. Kuhlala kuyo yonke indawo ye-taiga yesifunda. Emahlathini ahlanganisiwe naconiferous, ithambeka ibheke ezindaweni eziphansi ezigcwele ubulembu. Idla amajikijolo, amahlumela, amaqabunga, izinambuzane.
Abesilisa babuthana entwasahlobo kokuphakelayo kwamanje. Umkhosi oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe imisindo ephindaphindwayo nokunyakaza kuyaqala. Imvamisa i-grouse yezinkuni iyaqaphela kakhulu, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana iyakhohlwa ngengozi, iyeke ukuzwa imisindo. Lesi simo sanikeza le nyoni igama layo.
Izidleke ziyikhefu emhlabathini endaweni engabonakali. E-clutch kunamaqanda ayi-6 kuye kwayi-12; abesifazane bayawafukamela izinsuku ezingama-25-27. Amaphuphu amakhulu kakhulu, impilo eyimfihlo emahlathini ehlathi igcina inani lezinhlobo zezilwane naphezu kwezilwane ezizingelayo nabazingeli.
I-Eastern Marsh Harrier
Isidlakudla esinezimpaphe ezincane. Inesisindo esifinyelela ku-0.7 kg namaphiko afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.4. I-harrier ibamba izinyoni ezincane, amagundane, nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ibheka inyamazane eshibilika phansi ngaphezu komhlaba. Izidleke zezinyoni eningizimu yeSifunda saseKrasnoyarsk.
Izidleke zakhiwa ezihlahleni ezihlahleni eziseduze kwamanzi, ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula. Insikazi yenza i-clutch yamaqanda ama-5-7 aphakathi nendawo, iwafukamela izinsuku ezingama-35-45. Ebusika indizela ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia, India, Korea.
I-Garshnep
Inyoni encane - isakhamuzi sezixhaphozi zaseKrasnoyarsk. Ingxenye yomndeni we-snipe. Le nyoni inombala onsundu onsundu ngemithende ende ephuzi. Indizela phansi hhayi isikhathi eside, ikhetha ukunyakaza phansi.
Idla izinambuzane, amaqabunga, okusanhlamvu. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa banakekela abesifazane ngokuzikhandla: benza izindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamakholi womsindo afanayo. Esidlekeni somhlabathi, insikazi ivame ukufukamela amaphuphu ama-4. Ebusika, le nyoni ifudukela eNdiya, eningizimu yeChina.
Ihansi elibomvu
Isibonakaliso sezinyoni esifundeni seDolgan-Nenets Taimyr. Kuyingxenye yomndeni wedada. Eqinisweni, leli ihansi elincane elinesisindo somzimba esingeqile ku-1.8 kg nombala ogqamile, ogqamile. I-Taimyr yindawo eyinhloko yokwakha amahansi.
Izinyoni zihlala emakoloni amancane, zakha izidleke zomhlaba, zizibeke phansi, zibeke i-clutch yamaqanda ama-5-7. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-25, kuvela amaphuphu, abazali abasusa ngokushesha esidlekeni, ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-4 amaphuphu akhuphuka ephikweni. Ekwindla, umhlambi wamahansi undizela emazweni aseBalkan ebusika.
Izinhlanzi
Izinyoni nezilwane zaseKrasnoyarsk TerritoryAngikuqedi ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo onqenqemeni. Imifula kanye noLwandle i-Arctic kuyikhaya lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisakazekile nezingavamile, eziningi zazo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo.
Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
- I-Arctic omul iyinhlanzi edabukisayo; isikhathi se-zhora sichitha emanzini asogwini oLwandle i-Arctic. Isisindo senhlanzi endala singafinyelela ku-3 kg. Ngokuzala, ama-omul akhuphuka emifuleni emincane nemikhulu yaseSiberia.
- INelma yinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti; emizimbeni emikhulu yamanzi, isisindo sayo singadlula ama-50 kg. Emifuleni emincane, isisindo sincane kakhulu. Umzingeli, uzingela zonke izinhlanzi ezincane, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, ama-crustaceans.
- UMuksun uyinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti, ingeyehlobo lohlobo lwe-whitefish. Ngaphezu komfula iYenisei, utholakala eFar East, eCanada, e-Alaska. Inyama yenhlanzi ibhekwa njengesibiliboco. Esifundeni saseKrasnoyarsk, ukukhiqizwa kokuhweba kwe-muksun kumisiwe kusukela ngo-2014. Izinhlanzi ziyabuyiselwa ngokuzalaniswa kokufakelwa.
- I-Chir iyinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti. Ibekezelela amanzi anosawoti omncane ezindaweni lapho imifula igelezela khona olwandle i-Arctic. Ngeminyaka engu-6, ifinyelela isisindo esingu-2-4 kg. Ingena eYenisei nase-Ob yokuzalela.
- I-Pyzhyan, inhlanzi inegama eliphakathi - i-whitefish yaseSiberia. Itholakala ngezindlela ezimbili: njenge-fish semi-anadromous kanye namanzi angenasawoti. Kuhlalwa kuyo imifula ehlotshaniswa nolwandle i-Arctic, namanzi asolwandle olwandle olunosawoti.
- UTugun uyinhlanzi emhlophe emhlophe. Umzimba wayo uphakanyisiwe ngo-20 cm ubude, isisindo sawo asidluli ku-100 g. Inani lentengiso lalesi silwane sinciphile: ukubanjwa ngekhulu lama-21 kuye kwehla kaningi.
- I-Lenok yinhlanzi engabanjwa ezindaweni eziphezulu zoMfula iChulym. Ikhetha imifula namachibi asezintabeni asheshayo. Ikhula ize ifike ku-70-80 cm, ithole isisindo esingu-5-6 kg. Idla izinambuzane, izibungu, amaxoxo. Ngaphezu kweKrasnoyarsk Territory, ihlala emifuleni yaseMongolia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
I-sturgeon yaseSiberia
Izinhlanzi ezivela emndenini wama-sturgeon. Kukhona ifomu le-semi-anadromous nelamanzi angenasawoti. Ama-sturgeon amadala ayizidlakela zangempela - inhlanzi engamamitha amabili ingaba nesisindo esingama-200 kg. I-sturgeon izondla ngezinto eziphilayo ze-benthic: izibungu, izibungu, ama-molluscs, ingadla amaqanda nezinwele zezinye izinhlanzi.
Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni eyi-10-15. Iminyaka yokuvuthwa iyahluka ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila endaweni. Impilo ejwayelekile esezansi ye-sturgeon yaseSiberia ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
Izilwane zasekhaya nezasemapulazini
Izilwane zezolimo zaseKrasnoyarsk Territory nozakwabo basekhaya bayizinhlobo nezinhlobo zezimpawu ze-Eurasia: kusuka ezinkomeni kuya ezinkukhu ezincane. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezakheke eSiberia, futhi lezo okungenakuphila kuzo ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo.
Ikati laseSiberia
Kukholakala ukuthi lolu hlobo lwaqala uhambo lwalo e-Asia Ephakathi, kepha lwathatha isimo salo sokugcina empumalanga ye-Urals, eSiberia, okungukuthi, endaweni esendaweni yamanje yaseKrasnoyarsk Territory. Ikati likhulu kakhulu ngosayizi: lingaba nesisindo esingu-7-9 kg. Kugqame ngejazi elibubende. Abafuyi bathi uboya bamakati aseSiberia yi-hypoallergenic. ISiberia ingenye yezinhlobo zamakati ezithandwa kakhulu.
UNenets Laika
Lokhu kunguhlobo lwabomdabu olungavamile. Isetshenziswa njengenja yomalusi nokuzingela. Impilo ezimweni ze-tundra, ukubambisana okungaguquguquki nabantu kwakha inja eqinile ene-psyche ezinzile.
Isici esivelele sohlobo ukuhlanzeka kofuzo. Impilo ekude nempucuko iqinisekise ukungabikho kokungcola okungadingekile egazini lesilwane, kugcinwe izakhiwo ezidingekayo ngenja yendawo yonke, yaseSiberia, yasenyakatho.
I-Reindeer
Abantu baseCanada nabaseMelika babiza lesi silwane ngokuthi yiCaribou. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyamazane: zasendle nezasekhaya. Izinyamazane zasendle zikhulu ngo-15-20% kunezasezifuyweni. Kepha akukho mehluko okhethekile we-morphological. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane banezimpondo, ezakheke kakhulu futhi ezilinganayo. Abesifazane banezimpondo ezilula kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Izinyamazana - kudala zaqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamizi zasenyakatho ziyasinda. Isetshenziswa, kanye nezinja, njengezinto zokuhamba. Inyama isetshenziselwa ukudla, izicathulo nezingubo kuthungwa esikhunjeni.Izimpondo - izimpondo zezinyamazane ezisencane, ezingavuthiwe - zithathwa njengemithombo eyingqayizivele yamandla nempilo.
Biocenosis eSiberia uzinzile impela. Noma kunjalo, kunezindawo ezinkulu ezi-7 ezivikelwe eKrasnoyarsk Territory. Indawo yemvelo evikeleke kakhulu e-Eurasia yiGreat Arctic Reserve etholakala esifundeni. Ku-41692 sq. km. Izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane zaseSiberia ziyagcinwa.
