Indlovu Ingabe esinye sezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu. Abazi okuningi kuphela, kepha futhi bangaba lusizi, bakhathazeke, babe nesithukuthezi futhi bahleke.
Ezimweni ezinzima, bahlala bezosiza izihlobo zabo. Izindlovu zinekhono lomculo nokudweba.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwendlovu
Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili edlule, ngesikhathi sePleistocene, ama-mammoth kanye nama-mastoni asatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Njengamanje, sekufundwe izinhlobo ezimbili zezindlovu: ezase-Afrika kanye nezamaNdiya.
Kukholakala ukuthi lesi yisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Noma kunjalo, akulungile. Umkhulu kunayo yonke whale blue noma blue whale, owesibili sperm whale, kanti okwesithathu kuphela indlovu Afrika.
Uyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isilwane sasemhlabeni sesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kwendlovu imvubu.
Lapho ibuna, indlovu yase-Afrika ifinyelela kumamitha amane futhi inesisindo esifinyelela kumathani ayi-7.5. indlovu isisindo kancane kancane - kufika ku-5t, ukuphakama kwayo - 3m. Umumbu ungowombala osele ungasekho. Indlovu iyisilwane esingcwele eNdiya naseThailand.
Okufanekisiwe yindlovu yaseNdiya
Ngokomlando, umama kaBuddha waphupha Indlovu emhlophe nge-lotus, eyabikezela ukuzalwa kwengane engajwayelekile. Indlovu emhlophe iwuphawu lobuBuddha kanye nokwenziwa kwengcebo engokomoya. Lapho kuzalwa indlovu eyi-albino eThailand, lokhu kungumcimbi obalulekile, iNkosi yombuso uqobo imthatha ngaphansi kwephiko layo.
Lezi yizilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezihlala e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi kanye namahlathi ashisayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nabo ogwadule kuphela.
Isilwane sendlovu, edume ngezimpondo zayo ezinkulu. Izilwane zizisebenzisela ukuthola ukudla, ukusula umgwaqo, ukumaka indawo. Izimpondo zikhula njalo, kubantu abadala, izinga lokukhula lingafinyelela ku-18 cm ngonyaka, abantu abadala banamazinyo amakhulu kunawo onke cishe amamitha amathathu.
Amazinyo agaya njalo, awe futhi amasha amila endaweni yawo (ashintsha cishe kahlanu empilweni). Intengo yezinyo lendlovu iphezulu kakhulu, yingakho izilwane zilokhu zibhujiswa njalo.
Futhi yize izilwane zivikelekile futhi zifakwe kuhlu kwi-International Red Book, kusenabazingeli abazimisele ukubulala lesi silwane esihle ngenhloso yokwenza inzuzo.
Akuvamile ukuthola izilwane ezinamazinyo amakhulu, ngoba cishe zonke zaqothulwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emazweni amaningi, ukubulawa kwendlovu kuthwala isigwebo sentambo.
Kukhona inganekwane mayelana nokuba khona kwamathuna ahlukile angaqondakali phakathi kwezindlovu, lapho izilwane ezindala nezigulayo zifa khona, ngoba akuvamile ukuthola izinhlayiya zezilwane ezifile. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bakwazile ukuqeda le nganekwane, kwavela ukuthi izingungumbane zizitika ngamazinyo, ngaleyo ndlela zanelisa indlala yazo yezimbiwa.
Indlovu luhlobo lwesilwane, enesinye isitho esithakazelisayo - isiqu, esifinyelela kumamitha ayisikhombisa ngobude. Kwakhiwa kusuka endebeni engenhla nasekhaleni. Isiqu siqukethe cishe imisipha eyi-100,000. Lesi sitho sisetshenziselwa ukuphefumula, ukuphuza nokwenza imisindo. Idlala indima ebalulekile lapho udla, njengohlobo lwengalo eguquguqukayo.
Ukubamba izinto ezincane, indlovu yaseNdiya isebenzisa isandiso esincane esiqwini sayo esifana nomunwe. Ummeleli wase-Afrika unezimbili zazo. Isiqu sisebenza kokubili ukukha utshani nokwephula izihlahla ezinkulu. Ngosizo lomboko, izilwane zingakwazi ukugeza ngamanzi angcolile.
Lokhu akujabulisi izilwane kuphela, kepha futhi kuvikela isikhumba ezinambuzaneni ezicasulayo (ukungcola kuyoma bese kwakha ifilimu evikelayo). Indlovu yiqembu lezilwaneezinezindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu. Izindlovu zase-Afrika zinkulu kakhulu kunezindlovu zase-Asia. Izindlebe zezilwane akuyona kuphela isitho sokuzwa.
Njengoba izindlovu zingenazo izindlala ezibusayo, azikaze zijuluke. Ama-capillaries amaningi ahlaba izindlebe anwebeka lapho kushisa futhi akhiphe ukushisa okweqile emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitho singafuthwa njengomlandeli.
Indlovu - ukuphela kwento esincelisayoongakwazi ukugxuma abaleke. Bangakwazi ukuhamba nje noma ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, okulingana nokugijima. Naphezu kwesisindo sayo esisindayo, isikhumba esinyene (cishe amasentimitha amathathu) namathambo aminyene, indlovu ihamba ithule kakhulu.
Into ukuthi ama-pads onyaweni lwesilwane anama-springy futhi ayanweba njengoba umthwalo ukhula, okwenza ukuhamba kwesilwane kucishe kuthule. Lawa ma-pads afanayo asiza izindlovu ukuhambahamba emaxhaphozini. Uma uthi nhlá, indlovu iyisilwane esingahlelekile, kodwa ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-30 km ngehora.
Izindlovu zikwazi ukubona kahle, kodwa zisebenzise umuzwa wazo wokuhogela, ukuthinta nokuzwa okuningi. Ama-eyelashes amade enzelwe ukugcina uthuli lungangeni. Njengoba zibhukuda kahle, izilwane zingabhukuda zifike ku-70 km futhi zihlale emanzini ngaphandle kokuthinta phansi amahora ayisithupha.
Imisindo eyenziwe izindlovu ngomphimbo noma ngesiqu sayo izwakala ebangeni elingu-10 km.
Lalela izwi lendlovu
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila kwendlovu
Izindlovu zasendle bahlala emhlambini wezilwane ezifika ku-15, lapho bonke abantu kungabesifazane kuphela nezihlobo. Okuyinhloko emhlambini yi-matriarch yesifazane. Indlovu ayikwazi ukuma isizungu, kubalulekile ukuthi ixhumane nezihlobo zayo, zithembekile emhlambini kuze kube sekufeni.
Amalungu omhlambi ayasizana futhi anakekelane, akhulisa izingane ngonembeza futhi azivikele engozini futhi asize amalungu omndeni abuthakathaka. Izindlovu zesilisa zivame ukuba yizilwane ezihlala zodwa. Zihlala eduze kweqembu elithile labesifazane, kuyaqabukela zizakhele imihlambi yazo.
Izingane zihlala eqenjini kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14. Ngemuva kwalokho bakhetha: ukuhlala emhlambini, noma ukuzakhela okwabo. Uma kwenzeka kushona umuntu wesinye isizwe, isilwane sibuhlungu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayawuhlonipha umlotha wezihlobo zabo, abalokothi bawunyathele, bazame ukuwususa endleleni, baze bakhombe namathambo ezihlobo phakathi kwezinye izinsalela.
Izindlovu azichithi amahora angaphezu kwamane zilele emini. Izilwane izindlovu zase-afrika ukulala umile. Bayagonana ndawonye bancikene. Izindlovu ezindala zibeka amabamba azo amakhulu endundumeni noma esihlahleni.
Izindlovu zaseNdiya zilala zilele phansi. Ingqondo yendlovu iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ingeyesibili ngemva kwemikhomo eyakheke kahle. Inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-5 kg. Embusweni wezilwane, indlovu - omunye wabamele abahlakaniphile kunazo zonke izilwane emhlabeni.
Bangazikhomba esibukweni, okungenye yezimpawu zokuzazi. Izinkawu namahlengethwa kuphela angaziqhayisa ngale mfanelo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimfene nezindlovu kuphela ezisebenzisa amathuluzi.
Ukuqaphela kukhombisile ukuthi indlovu yaseNdiya ingasebenzisa igatsha lesihlahla njenge-fly swatter. Izindlovu zinenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Zikhumbula kalula izindawo ezake zaba khona kanye nabantu ababekhuluma nabo.
Ukudla
Izindlovu zithanda ukudla kakhulu. Izindlovu zidla amahora ayi-16 ngosuku. Zidinga kufika ku-450 kg wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene nsuku zonke. Indlovu ikwazi ukuphuza amalitha amanzi ayikhulu kuya kwangama-300 ngosuku, kuya ngesimo sezulu.
Esithombeni, izindlovu emgodini wokunisela
Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezidla utshani, ukudla kwazo kufaka izimpande namagxolo ezihlahla, utshani, izithelo. Izilwane zigcwalisa ukungabikho kasawoti ngosizo lwezikhotha (usawoti ofike ebusweni bomhlaba). Ekuthunjweni, izindlovu zidla utshani notshani.
Abasoze balahla ama-apula, ubhanana, amakhukhi nesinkwa. Ukuthanda amaswidi ngokweqile kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo, kepha amaswidi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezona zinto ezithandwa kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezindlovu nesikhathi sokuphila
Esikhathini, isikhathi sokukhwelana sezindlovu asikhonjisiwe ngokuqinile. Kodwa-ke, kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi semvula, izinga lokuzalwa kwezilwane liyakhula. Ngesikhathi se-estrus, esingahlali ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili, insikazi enezingcingo zayo iheha iduna lokukhwelana. Bendawonye bahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ingasuka emhlambini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izindlovu zesilisa zingabungqingili. Ngemuva kwakho konke, abalingani besifazane kanye kuphela ngonyaka, futhi ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuhlala isikhathi eside impela. Abesilisa badinga abalingani bezocansi kaningi, okuholela ekuveleni kobudlelwano bobulili obufanayo.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-22, imvamisa kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa. Ukubeletha kwenzeka phambi kwawo wonke amalungu omhlambi, akulungele ukusiza uma kunesidingo. Ngemuva kokuphela kwabo, wonke umndeni uqala ukushaya icilongo, umemeze futhi umemezele futhi ungeze.
Izindlovu eziyizingane zinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-70 kuya ku-113 kg, cishe zingama-90 cm ubude futhi azinawo amazinyo ngokuphelele. Kuphela lapho beneminyaka emibili kuphela lapho bekhulisa khona amabele amancane obisi, azoshintsha abe ngabomdabu abaneminyaka yobudala.
Indlovu esanda kuzalwa idinga ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-10 obisi lwebele ngosuku. Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubudala, kungukudla okuyinhloko kwengane, ngaphezu kwalokho, kancane kancane, ingane iqala ukondla izitshalo.
Bangaphinde badle indle kamama ukugaya amagatsha namagxolo ezitshalo kalula. Izindlovu zihlala zihlala eduze kukanina, omvikelayo futhi amfundise. Futhi kufanele ufunde okuningi: phuza amanzi, hamba nomhlambi bese ulawula isiqu.
Umsebenzi we-trunk ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ukuqeqeshwa okungapheli, ukuphakamisa izinto, ukuthola ukudla namanzi, ukubingelela izihlobo nokunye. Indlovu engomama namalungu omhlambi wonke bavikela izingane ekuhlaselweni yimpisi nebhubesi.
Izilwane zikwazi ukuzimela lapho zineminyaka eyisithupha. Eminyakeni engu-18, abesifazane bangazala. Abesifazane babe nezingane ngezikhathi ezithile cishe kanye eminyakeni emine. Abesilisa bavuthwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Endle, isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane cishe iminyaka engama-70, ekuthunjweni - iminyaka engama-80. Indlovu endala kunazo zonke ezafa ngo-2003 yayineminyaka engama-86 ubudala.
