Lezi zinyoni ezinobungane futhi ezisebenza kudala zithandwa abathandi bezinyoni. I-siskin iyathandana kakhulu futhi ayibesabi nakancane abantu, futhi futhi, naphezu kwegama layo elilula kanye nabantu abaningi, inezici eziningi ezithakazelisayo.
Incazelo yesiskin
USiskin ungummeleli we-oda labaphaseli. Le nyoni incane ngosayizi. Ngokwesilinganiso ifinyelela ku-12 cm ubude, ngesisindo esingu-10 kuye ku-18 g.
Ukubukeka
I-siskin inekhanda elincane elinamehlo amnyama amalahle nomzimba oyindilinga, ubukhulu obuphindwe kabili kuya kathathu bekhanda uqobo lwalo, uqhwaku oluncanyana olunxantathu olumpunga nemilenze ezacile ensundu ngeminwe eboshiwe nezinzipho ezimfushane, ukuze kube lula ukunamathela emagatsheni.
Umbala wezimpaphe ze-siskin uphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibala emnyama, empunga emnyama kanye neminqumo. Ku-siskin sowesifazane, isisu sigcwele imivimbo emnyama noma amabala. Kweduna, umbala uhluka kakhulu futhi ukhanya kakhulu kunowesifazane, izimpaphe ezisemsileni nasemaphikweni, lapho imilenze emhlophe, emnyama nephuzi ibonakala, yinde, nasekhanda kunebala lezimpaphe ezimnyama ezimpunga noma ezimnyama, okubizwa nge- "cap", futhi kungavela isigaxa esincane esimnyama noma "iphenathi" esilevini.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
UChizhi angabonakala engenakho ukuphumula futhi abe nesiyaluyalu ekuziphatheni kwabo ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo. Kepha akunjalo. Izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo zisondele ngokumangalisayo, zinohlelo lokulandelana kwemihlambi, futhi zize zibe sezinhlotsheni ezibandakanya "ukuhlanganyela" ukudla, okungukuthi, ukuphindisela ukudla kwelinye ilungu lomhlambi elivela eqenjini elibusayo. IChizhi ihlala ihlale ngababili, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudlela ehlobo. Owesilisa nowesifazane babambe iqhaza ngokulinganayo ekwakhiweni kwesidleke somndeni, bakhetha ukusakha esihlahleni somuthi, imvamisa i-coniferous.
Kuyathakazelisa!Imvamisa bazama ukuhlala phezulu ngaphandle komhlaba. Eduze nasekwindla, ama-siskins akha imihlambi emincane, kanti ebusika, ukufuduka kuyaqala. Imvamisa, uma i-siskin ihlala endaweni efudumele, asikho isidingo sokushintsha indawo.
Ngakho-ke, imihlambi ihlala lapho ihlale khona, noma indize ibanga elifushane, eduze kwamahlathi ahlabayo noma axubekile. Futhi uma kutholakala idamu elingenalo iqhwa endleleni, umhlambi uyohlala lapho ebusika. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ingxenye yomhlambi omkhulu undize, kuyilapho omunye uhlala endaweni efanayo. Imihlambi izama njalo ukunamathela ndawonye, ihlala eduze. Kuze kube ngamabhangqa ayisithupha anezidleke atholakala ezihlahleni ezimbili eziseduze.
Ukucula okunomusa kwama-siskins, okwenza kube nobungani nothando, kungahlala kwaziwa kahle. Ngaphezu "kwesitayela" sayo semvelo sokucula, i-siskin futhi inekhono lokudlala kahle omakhelwane bayo - izinyoni zezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi amabele. AmaSiskin athandwa kakhulu njengezilwane zasekhaya zokucula kwazo okuhle nobungani, imvelo enokuthula.
Mangaki ama-siskins ahlala
Kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1995, odokotela bezinyoni bebelokhu bekhala cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 esifundeni saseLeningrad. Ngemuva kokuphinda kwenzeke, kwavela ukuthi babili kuphela kubo bonke abaringekile abasinda eminyakeni eyi-3.5, unyaka owodwa kuya kwengu-6, kanti omunye wasinda eminyakeni eyi-8. Ngo-1985, iqiniso lokuphila kuka-siskin oneminyaka engama-25 larekhodwa, kepha lokhu, kunjalo, kuyindaba esehlukile.
Ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yamathuba okungenzeka okuhlaselwa noma okucekelwa phansi kwesidleke, kanye nokufuduka okungapheli, isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kwesiskin siyiminyaka eyi-1.5 kuphela, okungukuthi, inani labantu livuselelwa ngokuphelele kungakapheli iminyaka emibili. Njengoba ekuthunjweni, i-siskin izophila isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9-10.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokwabiwa kwezinyoni inkulu kakhulu... UChizhi uhlala eYurophu nase-Asia, kusuka eScandinavia naseFinland, kufaka phakathi empumalanga yeFrance, kuze kufike engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe ogwini loLwandle i-Okhotsk neJapan, kanye naseSiberia, eTransbaikalia, eCrimea, e-Ukraine, eGreater and Lesser Caucasus. Kungenzeka itholakale eBritish Isles, eSakhalin, e-Iturup, eKunashir, eShikotan, eHokkaido, njll. Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi ezihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, ePortugal, eBrazil. Njengoba i-siskin iyinyoni efudukayo, futhi icishe iguqule njalo indawo yayo yokuhlala, itholakala cishe yonke indawo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukuthi kube noshintsho kwinani labantu lohlobo olulodwa noma oluningi lwamasiskins, cishe acishe abe ngama-20 esewonke.Ngokujwayelekile, ngezikhathi ezifudumele, lapho izithelo zivuthwa, ama-siskins ashintsha indawo yawo yokuhlala. Ngokuya ngalo mbono, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi kungani kunezindawo eziningi kangaka zalolu hlobo. IChizhi ithanda amahlathi nezindawo zezintaba, amahlathi esihlahla sonwele. Bakhetha ukuhlala phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka emhlabathini; bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke bebaleka. AmaSiskin angatholakala futhi emahlathini otshani obude nezihlahla. Futhi bahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala, zitholakala emapaki nasezikweleni.
Ukudla kweSiskin
IChizhi ithanda izinambuzane ezincane ezinjenge-aphid, amacimbi nezimvemvane, kanye notshani nembewu yezihlahla. Ukudla ikakhulu kuya ngesizini. Imbewu yedandelion ne-poppy iyindlela yokwelapha kubo ehlobo. Bangabuye bavune imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zeCompositae njenge thistle, cornflower nezinye izitshalo ezinomuthi ezifana neSt. John's wort, meadowsweet kanye ne-sorrel.
Okubalulekile! Kulabo abafuna ukugcina izinkukhu endlini, ungafaka nezithelo nemifino ekudleni kwama-siskins, njengama-apula, izaqathe, iklabishi. Ungafaka futhi ama-oats nenye imbewu, okuvame ukutholakala ekudleni kwe-canary, ekudleni kwakho.
Kusuka ezihlahleni ezinamagatsha, bathanda imbewu ye-birch ne-alder, i-poplar. Ezinyameni, zisizwa nje ngeminwe ezacile enezipho ezimise okwegwegwe nomlomo ocacile. Kusuka kuma-conifers, bathanda i-spruce, i-fir, i-pine, futhi futhi, uma benenhlanhla, lapho izigaxa zama-conifers ziqhakaza entwasahlobo, ama-siskins azitika ngokuzithandela ngamantongomane.
Izitha zemvelo
AmaSiskin kunzima kakhulu ukuwaqaphela, ikakhulukazi ngoba izidleke zawo, ezifihlwe ngokucophelela ezitheni, ziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-17 ngaphezu komhlaba.
Zakhiwe ngamahlumela amancane notshani, ngaphandle zimbozwe izigaxa zobulembu, ubulembu nobulembu, yingakho isidleke cishe singahlukaniswa namagatsha esihlahla. Ingcuphe enkulu yesiskin yizinyoni ezidla inyama ezifana noheshe noma isikhova, esingahlasela ngesikhathi sokufukamela noma ngaphambi nangemva kokufukamela, lapho amaqanda nosisi abancane besengozini enkulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ehlobo nasebusika, i-siskin ifuna umlingani wokuzalisa... Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, esivame ukulandela ukwakhiwa ngokuhlanganyela kwesidleke, owesilisa uheha ukunaka ngengoma noma i- "trill" nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umdanso ozungeze insikazi (owesilisa uphakamisa umsila kanye neziphepho). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingoma ye-siskin inesakhiwo esithile, iqukethe izingxenye eziningana, izinyoka ezahlukahlukene, ama-trill, imisindo nokungqongqoza.
Insikazi, nayo, ijoyina indiza, futhi bobabili bazungeza isikhathi eside, bavikele ubunye babo. Isidleke senyoni senziwa ngesitsha sezimpande namahlumela, phansi noma ithreyi kufakwe ngaphakathi, kuyivimba nge-fluff ne-moss. Kwesinye isikhathi i-siskin ifaka amatshe amancane esidlekeni. Enkulumweni yaseJalimane kunendaba yokuthi u-siskin uqapha itshe lomlingo esidlekeni salo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuqala isigaba sokufukamela amaqanda.
Kuyathakazelisa!UChizhi ubeke amaqanda kuze kube kabili ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi nangoJuni-ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ngokuvamile akukho ngaphezu kwe-5-6 yazo ku-clutch. Bona uqobo lwesimo esifana nepheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda ku-clutch eyodwa angahluka ngosayizi nombala. Umbala ungasuka kokumhlophe noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani namabala amnyama nemifudlana.
Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe amasonto amabili, kanti ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, iduna livikela isidleke ngazo zonke izindlela futhi lilethe ukudla. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amaphuphu angaphansi kweso elibukhali labazali bawo amasonto amabili ngaphezulu, awalethela izinambuzane ezincane, amacimbi, amabhungane acebile ngamaprotheni, okudingekayo ekukhuleni kwephuphu.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-Korolki (lat. Regulus)
- I-Belobrovik (lat. Turdus iliacus)
- I-Finch (Fringílla coélebs)
- I-Bird Klest (Lohia)
Kuyenzeka ukuthi insikazi iqale ukwakha isidleke esisha eduze ukuze iqale umjikelezo omusha wokushutheka, kuyilapho eyeduna yona, isondla amazinyane okuqala. Bese izingane zishiya isidleke sabazali, lapho umzimba usuvele unezimpaphe ezicijile ngokwanele, kepha owesilisa nowesilisa bayaqhubeka nokusiza abasebasha ukuthi bathole ukudla, okuvame ukuthi nje "kubalandele", bezama ukufunda konke okudingekayo ukuze baphile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-siskin ingeyomndeni we-finch nohlobo lwe-goldfinch. Inani labantu emhlabeni lama-siskins cishe ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-30. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalezi zinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika noma iGolden Siskin, ejwayelekile ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Unombala kalamula ogqamile, futhi lapho undizela eMexico ebusika, ushintsha umbala wawo ube luhlaza okotshani. Kukhona nesiskin saseMexico, esihlala ikakhulu ezintabeni, esinombala ofanayo nezinhlobo zaseMelika, umehluko kuphela ozoba "kusigqoko" esikhudlwana nesimnyama ekhanda.
Izinhlobo ziqikelela kakhulu, futhi emvelweni kuzoba nzima kakhulu kumuntu ukuzithola. Iphine siskin ayikhanyi njengabalingani bayo, kepha ishiye imivimbo ephuzi ezimpapheni zokundiza. Futhi, mhlawumbe, ummeleli omuhle kakhulu we-siskin angabizwa ngokuthi i-siskin somlilo, enezithunzi ezibomvu nezibomvu ezinomlilo. Futhi inkulu kakhulu. Lolu hlobo luvikelwe, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokwesinqumo se-International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), iChyzh yanikezwa isikhundla seLeast Concern, okungukuthi, hhayi kunoma yiliphi iqembu eliyingozi.
Kulula kakhulu ukuhlangana ne-siskin uma uphuma uye emvelweni bese uchitha isikhathi esithile ehlathini. Ososayensi abaningi bathi i-siskin, njengoba isendle, isazovumela umuntu ukuthi asondele ngokwanele. Lesi sidalwa esihle, esithandwa abaningi, sibonakale kaningi ezindabeni nasezinganekwaneni, futhi futhi siyisilwane "esikahle" kakhulu, esingathobekile futhi sinezwi elimangalisayo. USiskin uyakwazi ukunqoba inhliziyo, ngokuba bobabili ekuthunjweni nasendle.
