Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yePacific, oLwandle iTasman, empumalanga ye-Australia kuneNew Zealand. Isisekelo sendawo yezwe yiziqhingi eziseNyakatho naseNingizimu. Ngolimi lwabantu abangamaMaori, amagama abo azwakala njengoTe Ika-Maui noTe Weipunemu. Izwe lonke libizwa nge-Aotearoa - ifu elide elimhlophe ngabantu bomdabu.
Isiqhingi saseNew Zealand sakhiwe ngamagquma nezintaba. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeTe Weipunemu kunochungechunge lwezintaba - i-Southern Alps. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu - iMount Cook - lifinyelela kumamitha angama-3 700. Isiqhingi esisenyakatho asinazintaba kakhulu, sinezintaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu nezigodi ezibanzi ezikuyo.
I-Alps eseNingizimu ihlukanisa iNew Zealand ibe yizindawo ezimbili zezulu. Inyakatho yezwe inesimo sezulu esishisayo esiphansi esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka angama- + 17 ° C. Eningizimu, isimo sezulu sipholile, ngezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elingu- + 10 ° C. Inyanga ebanda kakhulu nguJulayi, eningizimu yezwe amakhaza aqubuka afike ku- -10 ° C kungenzeka. Abashisa kakhulu ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari, enyakatho izinga lokushisa lidlula +30 ° C.
Ukwahlukahluka kwesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, ubunjalo bendawo kanye nokuzihlukanisa kwamanye amazwekazi kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo nezilwane eziyingqayizivele. Isifunda esingaphezu kwesisodwa emhlabeni sinezitshalo eziningi kangaka zezilwane ezihlukile nezikhona.
AmaMaori (amaPolynesia) avele eminyakeni engama-700-800 edlule, kanti abaseYurophu bafika ogwini lwaseNew Zealand ngekhulu le-18. Ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu, kwakungekho izilwane ezincelisayo kulezi ziqhingi. Ukungabikho kwabo kwakusho lokho izilwane zaseNew Zealand ohlukaniswe nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwemvelo oluyingqayizivele. INiches, lapho kwakubusa khona izinyamazane ezinezinyawo ezine nezidla inyama kwamanye amazwekazi, izinyoni zazihlala eNew Zealand. Ezilwaneni zasesiqhingini, njengakwezinye izindawo, kwakunezinyoni eziningi ezingakwazi ukundiza.
Ngenkathi behlola lezi ziqhingi, abantu bafika nezilwane. Izikebhe zokuqala zamaMaori ezafika kwakungamagundane asePolynesia nezinja ezifuywayo. Kanye nabaseYurophu abafudukayo, kwavela uhla lwezilwane ezifuywayo nezifuywayo eziqhingini: kusuka emakati nasezinja kuya ezinkomeni nasezinkomeni. Endleleni, amagundane, ama-ferrets, ama-ermine, ama-possum afika emikhunjini. Izilwane zaseNew Zealand azihlali zibhekana nengcindezi evela kubahlali - inqwaba yezinhlobo zasendaweni zalahleka.
Izinhlobo ezingasekho
Emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, abaningi bomdabu izilwane ze-new zealand... Ngokuyinhloko, lezi yizinyoni ezinkulu ezenze kahle kwi-biocenosis yaseNew Zealand, ehlala izilwane ezincelisayo kwamanye amazwekazi.
I-moa enkulu
Igama lesiLatini elithi Dinornis, elihumusha ngokuthi "inyoni esabekayo". Inyoni enkulu yomhlaba eyayihlala emahlathini nasezintabeni zazo zombili iziqhingi, yafinyelela emamitheni amathathu noma ngaphezulu ukuphakama. Iqanda lenyoni lalinesisindo esingaba ngu-7 kg. Le nyoni yahlala eziqhingini iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-40, kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-16.
Ihlathi i-moa encane
Inyoni engenndiza engakwazi ukundiza. Yayingadluli ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.3. Wayehlala esifundeni esingaphansi kwezintaba, wayengumuntu odla imifino kuphela, edla utshani namaqabunga. Ukuqothulwa ngasikhathi sinye ne-moa enkulu. Ngokweminye imibiko, ama-moas asehlathini wokugcina abonwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.
Iningizimu moa
Izinyoni ezindizayo ezingenalutho, imifino. Yasakazwa eziQhingini zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu. Amahlathi akhethwayo, amathafa anamahlathi nezimfunda. Kwabiwe isiphetho sezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezingakwazi ukundiza.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-moa ezingasekho zingezemindeni ehlukene. I-moa enkulu evela emndenini iDinornithidae, ihlathi moa - Megalapterygidae, eningizimu - Emeidae. Ngaphezu kwe-moa enkulu, yehlathi neyaseningizimu, ezinye izinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza ezifana ne-moa zazihlala eNew Zealand. It:
- I-Anomalopteryx didiformis, inyoni engakwazi ukundiza enesisindo esingama-30 kg.
- IDinornis robustus - ukuphakama kwale nyoni kufinyelele ku-3.6 m. Le yinyoni ende kunazo zonke ezaziwa yisayensi.
- I-Emeus crassus ayinazimpiko, njengayo yonke i-moa, inyoni ekhula ize ifike ku-1.5 m.
- IPachyornis uhlobo lwama-bryophytes aqukethe izinhlobo ezi-3. Uma kubhekwa amathambo atholakele, kwakuwuhlobo olunamandla noludangele kakhulu lwezinyoni zaseNew Zealand ezingenamaphiko.
Kukholakala ukuthi endulo, lezi zinyoni bezikwazi ukundiza zihambe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abakwazanga ukuhlala eziqhingini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpiko ziyeke ukusebenza, zonakala ngokuphelele. Ukuba khona komhlaba kwenza izinyoni zikhulu futhi zisinde.
Ukhozi Haast
Isidlakela esinezimpaphe esasihlala esikhathini sanamuhla somlando. Isisindo senyoni silinganiselwa ku-10-15 kg. Izimpiko zazingavuleka zifike kumamitha angu-2,5. Lokhu kwenza ukhozi lube enye yezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinkozi zazizingela kakhulu ama-moas angenazindiza. Babelane ngesiphetho sezisulu zabo - izinkozi zanyamalala ngemuva nje kokuthi amaMoriya ehlalise lezi ziqhingi.
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zaseNew Zealand
Azikho izinyoka phakathi kwezihuquzelayo zaseNew Zealand. Ukungenisa kwabo kuleli qoqo leziqhingi akuvunyelwe nakancane. Izintwala zibusa esigabeni sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
I-Tuatara
Kufakwe eqenjini elinohlonze ngoqhwaku. Ubude bomzimba wesibankwa i-tuatara bungamasentimitha angama-80. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-1.3 kg. Lezi zidalwa ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-60. Izazi ze-Zoologists zithole i-tuatara ebihlala iminyaka eyikhulu Izibankwa azisatholakali eziqhingini ezinkulu zaseNew Zealand.
I-tuatara iyakwazi ukuzala isukela eminyakeni engama-20. Zizalela amaqanda kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-4. Izinga eliphansi lokuzala lingaholela ekuqothulweni kokugcina kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo.
I-tuatara ineso elibizwa ngokuthi i-parietal eye. Lesi isitho esidala esinamandla okuphendula kumazinga wokukhanya. Iso le-parietal alizenzi izithombe, kucatshangwa ukuthi lisiza ukuqondiswa esikhaleni.
Ama-geckos aseNew Zealand
- I-New Zealand viviparous geckos. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emqhele wezihlahla, lapho babamba khona izinambuzane. Umbala womzimba uhambelana nendawo yokuhlala: nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi luhlaza. Uhlobo lwe-geckos labomdabu base-viviparous linezinhlobo eziyi-12.
- I-New Zealand geckos eluhlaza. Uhlobo lwendalo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izibankwa zinobude obungu-20 cm. Umzimba unombala oluhlaza okotshani, ukufihla okwengeziwe kunikezwa ngamabala acijile. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi ehlathini. Idla izinambuzane, ezingenamgogodla. Uhlobo luqukethe izinhlobo ezi-7 zezibankwa.
Izwe laseNew Zealand licwebezela
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-20 zezikhumba ezihlala eNew Zealand. Isici esiyinhloko se-skinks ikhava efana nezikali zezinhlanzi. Isendlalelo esingaphansi kwesikhumba siqiniswa ngamacwecwe amathambo - ama-osteoderms. Izibankwa eziyizinambuzane zivamile kuwo wonke ama-biotopes esiqhingi.
Ama-Amphibians aseNew Zealand
Izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezingenamsila eNew Zealand zihlangene emndenini weLeiopelma. Ngakho-ke, izidalwa ezijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amaxoxo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngama-liopelms yizazi zezinto eziphilayo. Ezinye zivame kakhulu kulezi ziqhingi:
- Amaxoxo e-Archie - ahlala ebangeni elilinganiselwe kakhulu, eChloninsula Peninsula, engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNorth Island. Ubude bafinyelela kumasentimitha amathathu kuya kwangu-3,5 Abesilisa babamba iqhaza ekuzalaneni onoshobishobi - bathwala inzalo emihlane yabo.
- Amaxoxo kaHamilton - ajwayelekile kuphela eStevenson Island. Amaxoxo mancane, ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-4-5 cm. Abesilisa banakekela inzalo - bayayithwala emhlane.
- Amaxoxo kaHochstetter yizilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ezivame ukwedlula zonke izingxoxo ezihlala zikhona. Bahlala eNyakatho Island. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-4 cm. Ziphila ngokudla ama-invertebrate: izicabucabu, imikhaza, amabhungane. Baphila isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka engama-30.
- Amaxoxo aseMaud Island ayizinhlobo zamaxoxo ezicishe zaphela. Imizamo yokubuyisa inani labantu basemanzini kuze kube manje ayiphumelelanga.
Izicabucabu zaseNew Zealand
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 zezicabucabu ezihlala kulezi ziqhingi zichaziwe. Cishe ama-95% yizinambuzane zasendaweni, ezingezona ezangaphandle. Noma kunjalo izilwane ezinobuthi ze-new zealand cishe akekho. Lokhu kushoda kunxeshezelwa yizinhlobo ezingama-2-3 zezicabucabu ezinobuthi. Ama-arthropods athakazelisa kakhulu eNew Zealand:
- Isicabucabu i-Katipo siwuhlobo oluyingozi lwendawo yonke lohlobo lwabafelokazi abamnyama. Akukho ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yokulunywa yizicabucabu okubikwe iminyaka engama-200. Kepha ubuthi bezinambuzane bungadala umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-arrhythmia.
- Umfelokazi wase-Australia uyisicabucabu esiyingozi esiyingozi. Siphathelene nohlobo lwabafelokazi abamnyama. Isinambuzane esincane, esingaphansi kuka-1 cm, sihlome nge-neurotoxin engadala ukushaqeka kobuhlungu.
- Isicabucabu sikaNelson's cave isona spider esikhulu kunazo zonke eNew Zealand. Umzimba u-2.5 cm ububanzi.Ndawonye nemilenze - cm 15. Isicabucabu sihlala emihumeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSouth Island.
- Izicabucabu zokudoba ziyingxenye yohlobo lweDolomedes. Bahola impilo eseduze kwamanzi. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ogwini lwedamu. Ukubona ukuqhuma, zihlasela isinambuzane sasemanzini. Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukubamba gazinga, onoshobishobi, izinhlanzi ezincane.
Izinyoni zaseNew Zealand
Umhlaba wezinyoni weziqhingi uqukethe izingxenye ezi-2. Eyokuqala yizinyoni ezihlale zihlala kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. Eziningi zazo zikhona. Okwesibili yizinyoni ezavela ngokufika kwabokufika baseYurophu, noma zaziswa kamuva. Izinyoni ezihlala njalo zithakazelisa kakhulu.
Ikiwi
Uhlobo lwama-ratites lincane ngosayizi. Isisindo sezinyoni ezindala siyahluka kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 kg. Izinyoni zazikhetha impilo yokuphila emhlabeni. Iphiko le-kiwi lehliswe laba ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Kusele umsebenzi owodwa vo ngemuva kwalo: inyoni ifihla uqhwaku lwayo ngaphansi kwayo ukuze izinciphise futhi ifudumale.
Izimpaphe zale nyoni zithambile, mhlawumbe zimpunga. Izinsimbi zamathambo ezinamathambo zinamandla futhi zinzima. Izinzwane ezine, ezinamazipho acijile, imilenze eqinile yakha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesisindo senyoni. Akuzona izindlela zokuhamba kuphela, kepha futhi, kanye noqhwaku, isikhali esisebenzayo.
I-Kiwi yizinyoni ezihlala endaweni eyodwa. Umphumela wobudlelwano bomshado munye, kwesinye isikhathi ubabili, amaqanda osayizi ovelele. Isisindo seqanda le-kiwi singu-400-450 g, okungukuthi, cishe ikota yesisindo sowesifazane. Lona umlando phakathi kwezilwane ezi-oviparous.
Izinhlobo ze-kiwi:
- ISouth Kiwi iyinyoni etholakala entshonalanga yeSouth Island. Uphila ngasese, usebenza ebusuku kuphela.
- I-Northern Brown Kiwi - Ihlala emahlathini, kepha ayigweme izindawo zezolimo zaseNyakatho Island.
- I-kiwi enkulu empunga iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg.
- I-kiwi encane empunga - uhla lwenyoni lunciphile endaweni yesiqhingi saseKapiti. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, wayesahlangatshezwa eSouth Island.
- URovi - uhlala esifundeni esincane sase-Okarito - ihlathi elivikelekile eSouth Island.
Ikiwi - uphawu lwesilwane se-zealand entsha... Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amasosha aseNew Zealand abizwa ngeKiwi, ngenxa yesibonakaliso esisesandleni. Kancane kancane, lesi sidlaliso sahlanganiswa nabo bonke abantu baseNew Zealand.
Ukhova wesikhova noma inyoni kakapo
Inyoni engakwazi ukundiza ivela emndenini omkhulu wamapholi. Ngokuthanda kwayo ukusebenza ebusuku kanye nangokuhluka kwayo, njenge-owl's disc disc, le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi upholi wesikhova. Abaqaphi bezinyoni babheka le ndawo yaseNew Zealand njengenye yezipholi ezindala kunazo zonke ezikhona. Le nyoni inkulu ngokwanele. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-60-65 cm. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esisuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 kg.
Zimbalwa kakhulu izigaxa zopholi ezisele - ngaphezulu nje kwabantu abayikhulu. IKakapo ingaphansi kokuvikelwa futhi, namarekhodi abo uqobo. Kodwa amakakapo abekela amaqanda amabili kuphela. Lokhu akuvumeli ukuthemba ukuthola ngokushesha izinombolo zabo.
Amaphengwini aseNew Zealand
Amaphengwini ahlala ikakhulukazi eningizimu yalesi siqhingi. Dala amakoloni eziqhingini ezikude. Izilwane zaseNew Zealand esithombeni imvamisa imelwe ngamaphengwini abukeka kahle. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo ziye zanyamalala ngokuphelele. Emndenini omningi waseMegadyptes, kwasinda uhlobo olulodwa - iphengwini elinamehlo aphuzi. Abantu basePenguin bazinzile ngamanani, kepha badinga ukuvikelwa.
- I-penguin e-thick-billed crested iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo. Ukukhula kwephengwini omdala kungama-60 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-5 kg, kuya ngesizini.
- I-penguin enhle noma enamehlo aphuzi - abantu baseMaori babiza le nyoni hoiho. Ngaphandle, yehluke kakhulu kwamanye ama-penguin. Ikhula ize ifike kuma-cm 75. Ingakhula ize ifike ku-7 kg. Uhlala ogwini oluseningizimu yesiqhingi.
- I-penguin enamaphiko amhlophe iyinyoni encane engaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 ubude, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-1.5 kg. Yabizwa ngegama lokumakwa okumhlophe emaphikweni. Amakoloni ama-Penguin aseduze kwedolobha laseChristchurch eSouth Island.
Izipholi ezigxumayo
Zopholi abaye kahle ungqimba engezansi ehlathini. Umbala oluhlaza wezimpaphe usiza ukufihla phakathi kotshani, amaqabunga. Kepha leli qhinga lokusinda likhombise ukungaphumeleli ekulweni nezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye kanye namagundane. Izinhlobo ezimbili zopholi abagxumayo azisekho. Ukugcina ngempumelelo nokuzalanisa ekuthunjweni kunika ithemba lokusinda kwezinhlobo ezisele.
- Upholi ophuma eziqhingini zase-Antipode uyipholi elincane eleqayo. Ubude ukusuka komlomo kuya emsileni abudluli amasentimitha angama-35. Bahlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
- Upholi ophuphuzelayo ongaphambili ophuzi - ubude bezinyoni obungamasentimitha angama-25. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda inombala kalamula. Kusatshalaliswe kuzo zonke iziqhingi.
- Upholi obomvu obheke ebomvu - uhlala ngababili, kwesinye isikhathi ubuthana ngamaqembu. Bondla izimpande zezitshalo, bazigubhe ngaphandle kwe-substrate. Ukuphumula nokulala zibekwa emiqhele yezihlahla.
- I-Mountain jumping parrot yipholi encane eluhlaza, engekho ngaphezu kwama-25 cm ubude. Phezulu kwekhanda nebunzi kufakwe umbala obomvu. Uhlala eSouth Island.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo ZaseNew Zealand
Izilwane zalesi siqhingi ngaphambi kokuvela kwabantu zakhula ngaphandle kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaphandle kwalabo ababekwazi ukubhukuda - izimvu zamanzi namabhubesi olwandle. Futhi labo abakwazi ukundiza - amalulwane.
Uphawu loboya lwaseNew Zealand
Amakholoni okuvala uphawu asatshalaliswa kuzo zonke lezi ziqhingi. Kodwa ulwandle izilwane ezitholakala eNew Zealand, zabhujiswa ngabantu yonke indawo. Ama-rookeries abo ahlala kuphela emabhishi afinyeleleka kanzima eSouth Island, eziqhingini zase-Antipode nakwezinye izindawo ezingaphansi kwe-Arctic.
Abesilisa abasebasha, abangakwazi ukunakwa ngabesifazane kanye nensimu yabo, bavame ukuphumula emabhishi angahlanganisiwe aseNingizimu nezinye iziqhingi. Kwesinye isikhathi basondela ogwini lwase-Australia naseNew Caledonia.
Ingonyama yasolwandle yaseNew Zealand
Kungenxa yomndeni wezimpawu ezinamacici. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezinombala onsundu zifinyelela kubude obungu-2.6 m Abesifazane bangaphansi kwabesilisa, bakhula bafike kumamitha amabili ubude. Seal rookeries akhona eziqhingini ezingaphansi komhlaba: Auckland, izingibe nezinye. Esiqhingini EsiseNingizimu NaseNyakatho, amabhubesi olwandle awathandi ama-rookeries, kepha ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa angabonakala ngasogwini lweziqhingi eziyinhloko zaseNew Zealand.
Amabhethi aseNew Zealand
Izilwane zomdabu zalesi siqhingi ngamalulwane. Kulezi zidalwa eziyinqaba, impahla esemqoka futhi emangalisa kakhulu yikhono lokufunda. Lokho wukuthi, ikhono lokukhipha amagagasi amaza aphezulu nokubona ubukhona bezithiyo noma inyamazane ngesiginali ebonakalisiwe.
Amalulwane aseNew Zealand yilawa:
- Amalulwane anomsila omude - izilwane zinesisindo esingu-10-12 g kuphela.Zidla izinambuzane. Ebusuku zindiza zizungeze indawo eyi-100 sq. km. Ijubane lokundiza lifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Amakholoni amagundane atholakala emiqhele yezihlahla nasemihumeni.
- Amalulwane amancane anomsila omfishane - ahlukile kwamanye amalulwane ngoba adla phansi. Ayahamba, ancike ezimpikweni ezisongiwe. Zibuye zithathe i-substrate lapho zifuna ama-invertebrate. Isisindo salezi magundane sifinyelela kuma-35 g.
- Amalulwane amakhulu anemisila emifushane - Ngokusobala lolu hlobo lwamagundane luphelile.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezifakiwe
Bezinze kuleli qoqo leziqhingi, abantu bafika nezilwane zezolimo nezasekhaya, izilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye nezinambuzane. Isiqhingi i-biocenosis sasingalungele labo bantu bokufika. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezingabafokazi, ikakhulukazi amagundane nezilwane ezidla ezinye, yizo eziningi kakhulu izilwane eziyingozi zaseNew Zealand.
