Izinyoni azazi ukuthi zingabukhiqiza kanjani ubuthi njengezinyoka. Izinyoni zithola ubuthi ekudleni. Ezinye izinambuzane nezinhlamvu ziqukethe ubuthi. Ngokuzidla, izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezinyoni emhlabeni sezibe yingozi. Le ngozi ayenzeki. Izinyoni azihlaseli. Umphumela wobuthi uzwakala kuphela kwabaphula umthetho ababamba noma abazama ukudla izinyoni. Ake sijwayelane nabo ngamagama.
Spur ihansi
Phakathi kwamahansi, uyena omkhulu kunabo bonke, onesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-8. Ubude bomzimba benyoni buyimitha eli-1. Ngobukhulu obunjalo, inyoni isuka ngobunzima. Ukukhuphukela emoyeni kwandulelwa yisikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ihansi eliqhekekile lihlala ezindaweni ezigcwele. Kukhona lapho ozohlakazeka khona.
I-Spur ihansi lapho ibaleka
Le nyoni ikhetha amathafa ase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeSahara kanye namaphethelo asenyakatho yoMfula iZambezi. Kukhona ama-subspecies aseMelika wamahansi ahlukanisiwe. Izinyoni zihlala ezwenikazi eliseningizimu, zihlangana, ngokwesibonelo, emapampas eBolivia.
Izinhlobo zezimpaphe zaziwa ngomsila wazo omnyama noluhlaza okotshani, isisu esimhlophe, izimpiko zethoni lamalahle, nengxenye yobuso elula. Lonke ikhanda, intamo kanye nomhlane kunombala onsundu onsundu. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lubomvu, luyisicaba kusuka ezinhlangothini.
Kumahansi ajwayelekile, ukuthambeka kuvezwa ngaphezulu komlomo, ngakho-ke okuboshwe kufana kakhulu namakhukhwe. Isikhumba esingenalutho ekhanda leqhawe le-athikili sikhumbuza owokugcina. Ubuye abe nemilenze emide nemisipha engafani nehansi.
Ubuthi izinyoni ezinobuthi igqoke ama-spurs. Kungakho igama lohlobo. Ama-Spurs ngamahansi ase-Afrika atholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amalunga ephiko. Ameva asetshenziswa ukuvikela abahlaseli, ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezidla inyama, izinja zasendle kanye namakati.
Imenyu yemifino yegundane elinemigqa yengezwa ngamacimbi, izinhlanzi ezincane, ojekamanzi namabhungane amabhamuza. Lezi zokugcina zinoshevu. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, abantu abayimizulane babegubha ukufa okusebenzayo kwemfuyo emadlelweni, lapho izindwani zazigcwele khona. Zifana nama-ladybugs, kepha zinde kakhulu.
Spur goose - insikazi enephuphu elikhulayo
I-Lab-synthesized blister toxin ingambulala umuntu. Ku-beetle noma i-goose, umthamo wobuthi awenele emiphumeleni ebulalayo. Kodwa-ke, i-toxin ingadala ukusha, ubuhlungu kanye nokunwaya.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zamahansi ahlukanisiwe emhlabeni. Ubuthi babo buyahluka ngokuya ngenani lamabhungane ekudleni kanye nobukhona bawo obuningi endaweni. Ngamanye amagama, ihansi elilodwa lingaphepha, kanti elinye linobuthi obubulalayo.
UPitohu
Enye ye-6 izinyoni ezinobuthi. Izinhlobo izinyoni zandisa lolu hlu, ngoba kukhona nezinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-pitohuis, nezinhlobo ezingama-subspecies ezingama-20 ngokujwayelekile Zonke zihlala eNew Guinea. Lapho inyoni enobuthi pitohu kubhekwe njengosizi.
Ngenxa yobuthi, ubumunyama benyama ngesikhathi sokupheka nephunga elingathandeki lesikhumba esinezimpaphe ngesikhathi sokwelapha ukushisa, isilwane asibanjelwa ukudla. Abekho abazingeli be-pito nasemahlathini lapho kuhlala khona inyoni. Uma kumuntu ubuthi bayo buyingozi, kodwa bungabulali, kusho ukuthi kuyabulala ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
I-pito enobuthi
Cishe ayithinteki, ipito iningi eNew Guinea, kepha ayitholakali ngaphandle kwayo. Ngamanye amagama, inyoni enobuthi igcwele kule ndawo.
Igama eliphakathi kwepitohu ngu- i-blackbird flycatcher. Inyoni enobuthi ibuye ithole ubuthi obudliwa ngamabhungane. Igama labo ngu-nanisani. Lezi zinkumbi nazo zigcwele eGuinea. Izinambuzane zincane, zinomzimba ohlangene, onombala osawolintshi. Izimpiko zifushane futhi zimnyama ngokunsomi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pitohu - imibala emibili inombala ofanayo.
I-blackbird flycatcher ikhipha i-batrachotoxin emabhungwini. Ubuthi obufanayo bubulala izisulu zexoxo elinyuka ngamaqabunga elihlala eNingizimu Melika. I-amphibian yasendaweni ithola ubuthi kusuka ezintuthwaneni ezidliwe, ngasendleleni, nazo zigcwele kule ndawo.
Izitho, isikhumba, nezimpaphe zepito zikhulelwe i-batrachotoxin. ngakho-ke inyoni enobuthi kakhulu... Ukuthatha izimpaphe ngezandla kungadala ukusha. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi be-pitokh, obufana nobukahansi obunemicu, buxhomeke endaweni yokuhlala kanye nenani le-nanisani lapho.
Ubuthi bukaPitahu ukutholakala kweminyaka yama-1990 nguJohn Dumbaker wase-University of Chicago. Isazi sezinyoni siphunyuke sibe ndikindiki emlonyeni waso, sikhothe umunwe saso sithinte umcuphi we-blackbird. Usosayensi wamkhipha ogibeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, uDambaker akazange asebenzise amagilavu, engazi ubuthi bale nyoni. Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, abaseYurophu bathola ukuthi kunezinyoni ezinobuthi.
Ngaphezu kwemibala emibili, kuyenzeka i-crended pitokha. Inyoni enobuthi futhi inenhlobonhlobo emnyama, eguqukayo, egqwalile. Zonke azidluli amasentimitha angama-34 ubude futhi zinesisindo esingamakhulu ambalwa amagremu.
Ama-thrushes abizwa ngokuthi ama-blackbirds ngoba ayalingana ngosayizi nangendlela, umthethosisekelo we-thrush. Uqhwaku olucijile lwezinyoni ezinobuthi lwenzelwe ukubamba izinambuzane, kuhlanganise nezimpukane.
I-ifrit kovaldi enekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-kovaldi enekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - izinyoni zomhlaba ezinobuthikwatholakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, izinyoni zitholakale ngesikhathi sohambo olunikezelwe ukutadisha i-pito. Izinhlobo ezintsha zincane. Ubude be-efreet enekhanda eliluhlaza abweqi kumasentimitha angama-20. Inyoni le isisinda cishe ngama-gram angu-60.
I-ifrit kovaldi enekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izinhlobo ezinamakhanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zethiwa ngombala "wesigqoko" sabesilisa. Kwabesifazane, kubomvu futhi imivimbo esukela emehlweni kuye entanyeni iphuzi. Abesilisa banemigqa emhlophe. Kukhona nomnyama ekhanda labo bobulili bobabili. Ezinye zezimpaphe zakha uquqaba. Ubekwe phezulu.
Umzimba we-kovaldi unama-brown-buffy. Ubuthi bugxile esifubeni nasemilenzeni. Lezi zokugcina nazo zinombala onsundu, ezingabonakala esithombeni. Izinyoni ezinobuthi nasezimpapheni, ubuthi buthathwa, kepha, benziwa ngobuncane. Noma kunjalo, ungathola ukusha ngokubamba uKovaldi ngezandla zakho. Le nyoni iphakathi kwezilwane ezingama-50 eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Yize ibukeka kahle, i-ifrit enekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibukeka ifiphele. Inkulumo engagculisekanga inanyathiselwa kule nyoni ngomlomo ovalwe kancane. I-flap yayo ephezulu imfushane kunaleyo engezansi. Phansi kugobile. UCovaldi uthola ubuthi ngokudla amabhungane afanayo nopito. Izinyoni ziye zajwayela ubuthi be-nanisani, abungenwa yizo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-batrachotoxin isebenza ngokushesha.
Lapho izilwane ezidla ezinye ziluma i-ifrit enekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lo shevu ushisa umlomo kuthi amathe angene esiswini, asuke lapho angene egazini, abulale izitho. Ihlosi lifa ngemizuzu eyi-10. Izidlakudla ezincane zifa ngemizuzu emi-2-4.
U-Efreet ucula ngomlingo futhi ahlonishwa ngabomdabu baseNew Guinea njengabaphathi bonkulunkulu. Ngokwemvelo, i-ptah ayidliwa. Njenge-pitohui, inyama kovaldi iyababa futhi ine-aftertaste engathandeki.
Shrike iflatcher
Esinye isakhamuzi saseNew Guinea. Kodwa-ke, i-shrike flycatcher iyatholakala futhi ezwenikazi lase-Australia, e-Indonesia. I-shrike flycatcher ingeka-oda labantu abadlulayo, umndeni wabashayi bezimpimpi base-Australia. Abantu babiza inyoni engekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-24 ubude njengomculi we-pop, ukucula kwayo kumnandi kakhulu.
Shrike iflatcher
Ngaphandle, i-shrike flycatcher ibukeka njenge-tit. Umbala wehluka kancane njengoba kunezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-7. Omunye unomhlane oluhlaza, omunye unesifuba esimpunga, kanti owesithathu unephrononi ensundu. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi amabele ansundu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Konke kuvuliwe kuze kube yingxenye yesithathu yokuqala yekhulu elidlule.
I-shrike flycatcher ithatha ubuthi ezinambuzaneni. Eziningi zazo zinobuthi. I-toxin, isibonelo, ikhiqizwa yi-common centipede. Uvame ukudla izimpukane, afake ubuthi kuzo ukuze zikhubaze. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinambuzane sibizwa nangokuthi i-flycatcher. Kodwa-ke, kunamabhungane amaningi kwimenyu ye-bird flycher.
Izigwaca
Eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule, uGuillaume Levasseur de Beauplan wabhala encwadini yakhe ethi Incazelo Yase-Ukraine esuka eMingceleni yaseMuscovy eya eTransylvania: “Kunohlobo lwesigwaca esikhethekile lapha. Unemilenze eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emnyama. Izigwaca ezinjalo ziletha ukufa kulowo osidlile. "
Le ncwadi yahunyushwa isuselwa kunguqulo yesiFulentshi ngonyaka we-1660. Kamuva, ososayensi bawuphikisa umbono kaBoplan, bafakazela ukuthi noma iziphi izigwaca zingasongela impilo. Azikho izinhlobo ezihlukile ezinobuthi.
AbakwaCalifornia baqhekeza izigwaca besifazane nabesilisa
Ungaqonda kanjani iziphi izinyoni ezinobuthi? Okokuqala, udinga ukuqondiswa isikhathi esikhethelwe ukuzingela. Izigwaca ezimnandi futhi ezihlwabusayo zivame ukuba nobuthi ngo-Okthoba. Lesi yisikhathi sokundiza kwezinyoni emazweni afudumele.
Izimila zamabele, ezivame ukujabulela izigwaca, ziyaphela. Zingakutholi ukudla okujwayelekile, izinyoni zidla noma yini okufanele ziyenze endleleni. Imvamisa izinhlamvu zezitshalo ezinobuthi ziyasetshenziswa. Lokho wukuthi, ubuthi bezigwaca, njengezinye izinyoni ezivela kuhlu, butholwa nokudla. Umehluko usesimweni sokudla. Endabeni yezigwaca, izinambuzane azihlangene ngalutho nazo.
Amacala abulalayo wokufaka ushevu enyameni yenkukhu yasendle aqoshwa minyaka yonke ekwindla. Isikhathi esiningi kushona izingane nabantu abadala. Umdlalo ojwayelekile ngokwezibalo kuvela ukuthi uyingozi kakhulu kune-pitohuis exotic noma i-kovaldi enekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bayazi ngobungozi bakamuva, ngokugwema izinyoni ezinobuthi. Bambalwa abantu abalindele ukukhohlisa kusuka ezigwilini. Iningi labazi alazi mayelana nokwenzeka kobuthi.
Njengoba zonke izinyoni ezinobuthi zithola ubuthi ezinambuzaneni, noma ekudleni kwezitshalo, izinyoni azinabungozi ekudleni okungafaki ukudla okuyingozi. Umthetho usebenza futhi kolunye uhlangothi. Isibonelo, izinkukhu ezejwayelekile zinobuthi.
Izigwaca ezivamile
Odokotela bayeluleka ngokuthenga izidumbu zabo ezitolo. Emapulazini enkukhu, izinyoni zigcwele ama-hormone nemithi elwa namagciwane. Asheshisa ukukhula, asize ukukhuluphala, futhi avikele izinkukhu ezifweni.
Kodwa-ke, yomibili imishanguzo yamahomoni kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane iyanqwabelana kwezicubu. Kusuka enyameni yenkukhu, uhlobo lobuthi lungena emzimbeni womthengi. Ngakho-ke iyiphi inyoni enoshevu futhi engeyona, iyaphikiswa.
