NgoJulayi walo nyaka eKazakhstan, ukulunywa yinja ehlanya kwaholela ekufeni kukababa womndeni. Uxoshe inja endodaneni yakhe eneminyaka emibili, wazilimaza. Labo abahlala ekamu labelusi esifundeni sase-Uilsky, abalunywa, bacela usizo loju. Wasindisa ingane. Ubaba, nokho, akazange alandele izincomo zodokotela futhi waqala ukubona izimpawu zamarabi kuye. Lesi sifo saholela ekufeni.
Ithonya elinjalo elibi lokutheleleka kubantu lisenza sibheke izinja hhayi njengabangane kuphela, kodwa futhi njengezitha. Sizofunda ukuwahlukanisa nenqwaba yama-tetrapods, sizoqonda ukuthi singasibona kanjani lesi sifo futhi sizivikele kuso nakusithwali saso.
Isikhathi sokufukamela samarabi ezinjeni
Ngaphandle kwalokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-latent, okungukuthi, kufihliwe. Lesi sifo sithola amandla ngaphakathi komzimba ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa ngaphandle. Njengokutheleleka okuningi, ukufukama kwamarabi kunebanga elifiphele kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-21 kuye kwezingu-42. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zesifo.
Ungatheleleka ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5 ngaphambi kokuphela kwesigaba esifihlekile. I-pathogen isivele isebenza egazini, emchameni, endleni nasematheni esilwane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubamba ngekhanda izimpawu zamarabi, ukubamba ukubonakaliswa kokuqala, okuncane kwesifo.
Ukulunywa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona amanxeba avulekile emzimbeni, ukugula kungangena kuwo kanye noketshezi lomzimba olimele. Isikhathi sokubambezeleka kokutheleleka okunye sihambisana nesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile kuyo yonke indawo.
Kunezimo lapho lesi sifo sivele emva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-3. Lokhu kusebenza ezinjeni ezindala. Imidlwane ibuyisela emuva amarekhodi. Kwezinye, lesi sifo sivele sivele ngosuku lwesi-5.
Ukusabalala okusheshayo kokutheleleka ezilwaneni ezisencane kungukuzivikela okungazinzile nosayizi omncane wezisulu. Igciwane lesifo samarabi lingeqembu le-encephalitis, liphathwa ngama-neuron ngejubane lamamilimitha amathathu ngehora. Ubude bemijikelezo ye-neural emidlwane bungaphansi kunezinja ezindala. Ngesizathu esifanayo, isikhathi esifihlekile sesifo kuma-tetrapods amakhulu side kunezinhlobo zemifino.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zamarabi ezinjeni
Okokuqala izimpawu zamarabi ezinjeni zikude kakhulu nesithombe esaziwayo sesifo esigabeni saso esisebenzayo. Isilwane siqala ukunikeza umbono wokuba necala, sigobise ikhanda phansi futhi sibheke ngokudabuka. Njengokungathi ibalekela icala, inja iyathatha umhlalaphansi, iyeke ukujabula. Ukulala isikhathi eside kuqala. Ngasikhathi sinye, ohlala ezifuyweni noma ohlala egcekeni uqala ukuphuza kakhulu. Ngakho ukoma uphawu lokuqala lwamarabi ezinjeni.
Ukoma okukhulu kungabhekwa njengesinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala zamarabi enja.
Amanzi acwebile, umuntu onegciwane akasitholi isifiso sokudla esinjalo. Ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, ikakhulukazi enja enamandla, kuyisibonakaliso esethusayo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamarabi, imikhuba yokudla ihlala injalo, kepha ukugwinya kunzima. Inja iqala ukugaya kaningi, hhayi kuphela ngamathambo nezicucu ezinkulu zokudla.
Kukhona inkambo yesithathu yezinguquko ekudleni kwezilwane. Abanye abantu baqala ukudla amatshe, izinkuni nezinye izinto ezingakulungele ukungena.
Izimpawu zokuqala zamarabi ezinjeni zifaka:
- Uhudo
- Izwi elihoshozelayo nelishoshozelayo
- Amakhaza
- Ukukhathazeka nokucasula
- Ukugwema ukukhanya okukhanyayo
- Ukulahleka kwezinwele ekuphumeni
Ngemuva kokuvela kwesithombe somtholampilo sesikhathi esedlule samarabi. Lesi sifo sinamagciwane. I-pathogen ithinta ubuchopho besilwane. Okuhambisana nalokhu ukungakhuli ngokwanele kokuziphatha nokulahlekelwa ukulawula umzimba. Ngakho-ke, sibona isigaba esisebenzayo sesifo ngo:
- Uvalo lwamanzi
- Ukuchithwa kwegwebu namathe avela emlonyeni ohlale ujwayelekile nge-grin enonya
- Imizamo yokuziluma umsila wayo, izidladla
- Ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane nabantu ngaphandle kwesizathu
Ukumamatheka okuthukuthele okunamathe amaningi nakho kukhombisa ukugula kwenja.
Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uyeka ukukhombisa ulaka, futhi akasakwazi. Umzimba ukhubazekile. Okokuqala, imilenze yangemuva ayikwazi ukusebenza. Ukukhubazeka kancane "kukhasa" kuya ekhanda. Kodwa-ke, isilo esinogwaja siyafa, njengomthetho, imilenze yaso yangaphambili, intamo nekhanda kusanyakaza.
Indlela enobudlova yesifo
Eqinisweni, kuyisigaba esisebenzayo phakathi kwegciwane. Lesi sikhathi sinezigaba ezingaphansi. Zintathu. Ekuqaleni, inja igwema ukuxhumana, iyeka ukuphendula isiteketiso. Uma noma kunjalo usondela enjeni, iyakhala futhi izame.
UWeasel uphenduka ulaka esigabeni sesibili sodlame amarabi. Izimpawu nezimpawu enjeni ngalesi sikhathi ancishiselwa kokungenangqondo:
- Ukuthukuthela
- Ukwesaba
- Ukuhlaselwa hhayi kuphela ezintweni eziphilayo, kepha nakwizinto ezingaphili
Esigabeni sesithathu sentukuthelo evuthayo, umphimbo uvalekile. Umphumela uba ukuqhuma nokuxega komhlathi ongezansi. Amathe aqala ukuphuma emlonyeni kungavinjelwe, akhishwe ngenani elikhulile. Kwakha amagwebu azungeze umlomo. Isidalwa esithukuthele sihlale sihewula.
Isigaba sokugcina senkinga enobudlova yalesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi ukukhubazeka noma ukucindezelwa odokotela bezilwane. Silandelwa isigaba somuntu, kanti isigaba sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi yi-prodromal noma i-melancholic. Isikhathi esiphelele sentukuthelo enobudlova izinsuku ezingu-5-13.
Isimo esithulile sesifo
Kudidaniswe nesifo sika-Aujeszky. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-pseudo-rabies. Umgudu wokuphefumula nawo uyathinteka. Ngo-Aujeszky, utwayi luqala, luholele ekucasukeni. Ingqondo yesilwane ibhekana nobunzima besifo samarabi. Enjeni, awukho umehluko omkhulu. Womabili la magciwane ayabulala. Umuntu akazweli kakhulu ku-Aujeszky. Amarabi athinta abantu ngamandla afanayo nezilwane.
Kwesinye sezigaba zefomu elithulile lamarabi, isilwane siyenqaba ukudla, sincipha futhi sincipha
Isimo sokuthula sesifo sithatha izinsuku ezingama-2-4. Inja ihlala ithambile, idla ngokujwayelekile. Igciwane liqala ukuzibonakalisa ngohudo, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu. Lokhu kwenza amarabi adideke ne-enteritis nokunye ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini. Umuntu onaleli gciwane ukhula azaca futhi abuthaka.
Kwesinye isikhathi, esigabeni sokuthula samarabi, ukukhubazeka komphimbo kuqala. Ngaphandle, kubukeka sengathi inja iminyaniswe ithambo. Ukukhwehlela, inqe ikhetha lokhu. Abanikazi bezinja ezifuywayo bavame ukugibela emilonyeni yabo. Ukungalitholi ithambo lapho, abantu bangenwa ngamathe esilwane.
Isifo esingajwayelekile
Eminye imithombo iyihlukanisa njengama-subspecies ahlukile amarabi. Ngokusemthethweni, isifo se-atypical sifana nefomu elithulile lesi sifo. Kubizwa ngokuthi yi-atypical ngenxa yesithombe esilufifi sezimpawu. Uma ukuxokozela okunodlame kuqashelwa ngisho nayizimfundamakhwela, odokotela bezilwane nabo baphambanisa ukuthula nezinye izifo.
Ngaphezu kwe-Ausenka nokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, izinja ezinama-rabid kuthiwa zinhlobonhlobo yezinzwa zesifo. Kubuye kubangele ukukhubazeka nokuquleka kwesithuthwane. Isilwane siba nolaka futhi sibe nolaka. Kumkhiqizo "wamanzi ahlanzekile":
- Akukho ukuvinjelwa komhlathi ongezansi
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-serous conjunctivitis
Uma kwenzeka kunamarabi, ukukhubazeka komhlathi kuyadingeka, kungahle kungaveli ekuqaleni kwesifo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Isimo esijwayelekile sesifo
Kwehluka ekuhlehliseni, ukujikeleza okujikelezayo. Ukushintshwa kusuka esigabeni esithulile kuya kwesinodlame kuyaphindwa kaningi. Isikhathi ngasinye, ukunganaki kuyanda, futhi ulaka luyakhula.
Ifomu lokuzindla libizwa ngokuthi ukuxolelwa. Ekuqaleni, leli gama lalisetshenziswa ekushintsheni kokushisa komzimba emini phakathi nomkhuhlane. Imvamisa, ukwehla kokushisa kuya kuma-37.3-37.5 degrees ngokunyuka okuphindaphindwayo futhi futhi ukwehla.
Kwesinye isikhathi, imijikelezo yamarabi aphindaphindiwe idala ukuvela kwesifo esibuhlungu okulandelwa ukululama okubukhali. Umbono ungamanga. Inja izobhujiswa. Kubantu abayikhulu, njengomthetho, umuntu uyasinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lokugula kulo muntu oyedwa luchazwa njengokukhipha isisu. Esahlukweni esilandelayo sizothola ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu.
Isifo esikhipha izisu
Kuze kube yilapho isigaba esibi siqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Bese kuba khona ukululama okubukhali. Indlela esebenza ngayo iyimpicabadala kodokotela. Wona kanye umqondo "ukukhipha isisu" kusho "ukuphazanyiswa." Lesi sifo siyaphazamiseka ngo-1-2% walabo abathelelekile. Mhlawumbe iphesenti belizoba likhulu ukube odokotela bezilwane bebengazilalanga izinja ezihlanyayo. Ziyabanjwa futhi zilethwe ukujova ukuze zivikeleke kanye nezinye izilwane ekutheleleni.
Uhlobo lokukhipha amarabi luyabonakala nakubantu. Obunye bobufakazi yisikhalazo sowesifazane ongenakhaya kwesinye sezibhedlela eTexas. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakhe kwaqinisekisa ukutheleleka kweLyssavirus. Leli igama lesayensi le-causative agent yamarabi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngezimpawu zangaphandle. Lesi sifo sangena esigabeni esibucayi. Khonamanjalo, lo wesifazane osesibhedlela usindile, uphume ngokushesha esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka ukukhokhela usizo lwezempilo.
Ukuba khona kohlobo lwamarabi okukhipha isisu kunikeza ithemba, kepha akufanele kube yisikhuthazo sokungenzi lutho. Igciwane lingeleqembu "rebies", okungukuthi, eliyingozi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhomba ngokushesha nangendlela efanele lesi sifo. Sizokutshela ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu esahlukweni esilandelayo.
Ungawabona kanjani amarabi
Igciwane "libalwa" ngokuthembekile ngokuhlola igazi esilwaneni. Ngenkathi kusacutshungulwa, isilwane sihlukanisiwe, noma, sibekwe nje, ehokweni elilodwa noma endaweni evaliwe. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwegazi, inja ibonwa ukuthi ivalelwe cishe amasonto amabili. Kunesikhathi esanele sokuqiniseka ngokuxilongwa noma ukuphikiswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukutadisha uketshezi lomzimba.
Ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kwamarabi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwesilwane kungaba uphawu lokuluma. Uyisizathu futhi sokugoma isilwane uma isithombe somtholampilo sesifo singakazibonakalisi.
Ungaqiniseka ukuthi inja yakho itheleleke ngamarabi ngokuhlola igazi.
Ingabe welashwa amarabi?
Lesi sifo aselapheki. Bebelokhu befuna ukwelashwa isigamu seminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ukushiwo kokuqala kokutheleleka kwe-lyssavirus kutholakala kumarekhodi ekhulu le-16. Kuze kube manje, sekutholwe umuthi wokugoma kuphela. Umqambi wayo nguLouis Pasteur. Lesi yisazi sezifo ezincane eziphilayo saseFrance. Wasungula umuthi wokugoma amarabi ngo-1885.
Kwakungangekhulu lama-21 kuphela lapho ikhambi le-lyssavirus "lasondela". Umuthi ukude classical. Bazama ukwelapha amarabi ngekhoma. Iziguli zifakwa ngokufakelwa kuyo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala kubuyela emuva ku-2005. Ngemuva kwalokho i-American Gina Gis yangeniswa esibhedlela ngezimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka. Ubani owethulwe kuye ngesisekelo sokuthi i-pathogen ivimbela okwesikhashana isimiso sezinzwa, ngaphandle kokuholela ekuguqulweni kwayo okungenakulungiswa.
Ngokunqamula ubuchopho obuningi besiguli, odokotela banika umzimba amandla okukhiqiza inani elifanele lama-antibodies. Ngasikhathi sinye, odokotela banikeze uJin imishanguzo yokuzivikela emzimbeni. Ngemuva kwesonto e-coma, intombazane yaqala ukululama.
Ukuphumelela ngemithi yekhoma kunemibandela. Le ndlela yazama futhi. Impumelelo izuzwe kuphela kumacala angu-1 kwangu-24. Lokhu kusenza sicabange ukuthi abantu abatholwayo banamarabi angaziwa okuhushula isisu, angaxhomeki emisebenzini yodokotela.
Ngenxa ye- "nebulousness" nezindleko eziphezulu, indlela yokwelapha ikhoma nama-immunostimulants ayizange ihlolwe ezilwaneni. Njengoba inkinga imayelana nemali, umnikazi onothando angakhokha ngokuhlela umzamo wokuphulukisa isilwane. Kuze kube manje, bekungekho amavolontiya.
Isizathu mhlawumbe silele emigomeni yamarabi enikezwa izinja ezifuywayo njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mancane amathuba okuthi zilunywe kunezasendle. Ngendlela, kusehlathini lapho iningi labathwali begciwane lohlobo bahlala:
- Amalulwane
- Abaklwebheki
- UMongoose
- Shakalov
- Ama-Raccoons
Kubukhulu baseRussia, izimpungushe nezimpisi yizona zithwala eziyinhloko zalesi sifo. Amakati asendle awajoyina. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingenwa amarabi.
Ukulunywa yizilwane zasendle ezigulayo kungadala amarabi
Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwamarabi ezinjeni
Ukuvimbela ukugula - umuthi wokugoma. Abantu bomdabu bajoyinwa kuye nakanjani. Uhlu lokugoma, isibonelo, luyadingeka lapho uthengisa amathikithi esitimela nawomoya ama-tetrapods.
Izinja ezigonyiwe, ezilunywa yisilwane esinegciwane, zigula kuphela ngamacala ama-2%. Imvamisa, laba ngabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, asevele ehlushwa ezinye izifo, noma ekhathele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Njenge-encephalitis, umuthi wokugoma amarabi ulawulwa ngezinyathelo eziningana:
- Owokuqala unikezwa imidlwane enezinyanga ezimbili ubudala
- Umthamo wesibili womuthi wokugoma unikezwa ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu
- Umthamo wesithathu womuthi unikezwa ngemuva kokushintshwa kwamazinyo ezilwaneni ezisencane
Ngemuva kohlelo oluyinhloko, umuthi wokugoma uyaqhubeka nokuvuselelwa kanye ngonyaka. Isidakamizwa senziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibonelo, entwasahlobo.
Izinja ezigonyelwe amarabi mancane amathuba okuthi zitheleleke
Uma isilwane silunyiwe, kodwa singagonyiwe, umuthi wokugoma ufakwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthola lesi sidakamizwa, isilwane akufanele sisebenze ngokweqile, sifudumale futhi sishise ngokweqile. Ukushaqeka kwemizwa nakho kuyaphikiswa. Izici zobungozi zenza amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka, aholele ekukhathaleni okungokomzimba nokwethuka - izimo ezifanele zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma inja yakho ilunywa?
Kubalulekile ukukhipha ukuzelapha. Isilwane esifuywayo silethwa ngokushesha emtholampilo wezilwane. Udinga ukushesha ngisho nomuthi wokugoma onemilenze emine. Udokotela uzonika ama-immunostimulants asekela umphumela womuthi wokugoma. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi u-2% wezinja ezigonyiwe ziyatheleleka. Umuthi wokugoma, ngasendleleni, ukhululekile emitholampilo kahulumeni yezilwane futhi uthola imali encane ezimele. Umuthi wokugoma ngeke ukhiphe iphakethe, kepha isilwane sizophepha.
Noma ngabe inja elunyiwe iyagonywa noma cha, ihlukaniswa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, imfuyo nabantu. Uma umngane onemilenze emine ethelelekile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi asindiswe. Okuseqhulwini ukuvikela ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo.
Kuthiwani uma inja enamarabi iluma umuntu?
Kunconywa ukunxuswa okuphuthumayo esibhedlela sezifo ezithathelwanayo. Umuntu olunywe uzonikezwa umuthi wokugoma futhi, mhlawumbe, kuzonikezwa ama-immunostimulants, kanye nama-antibiotic. Lezi zamuva ziyaziwa ukuthi zibulala wonke ama-microorganisms, kufaka phakathi ama-virus. Umhlatshelo we-microflora ezuzisayo ulungile lapho impilo nokufa kusesikalini.
Njengoba ukubambezele ukuvakashela odokotela, ungabona izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka. Okokuqala izimpawu zamarabi kubantu ngemuva kokulunywa yinja:
- Ubuhlungu nokushisa endaweni yokulunywa
- Sebepholile, amanxeba ayavuvukala futhi abomvu futhi
- Ukushisa kukhuphukela kuma-37.5 degrees, kukhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile kuye kuma-38 degrees
- Ukuphefumula okuncane, ukuzwa ukuphefumula okuncane
- Kunzima ukugwinya
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Ubuthakathaka busakazeka emzimbeni wonke
Uma umuntu elunywa yinja, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Njengoba usuzibonile izimpawu ezibalwe, kusalindelwe ukuthi kube nethemba lesimangaliso. Endabeni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngesikhathi esifanele, ithuba lokusinda lifinyelela kuma-90%. Njengomthetho, labo abangalandeli izincomo zodokotela bayafa.
Indoda yaseKazakhstan evikele indodana yayo enjeni ehlanyayo, ngokwesibonelo, yaqhubeka nokusebenza endaweni yokwakha, iphakamisa izinsimbi futhi yazibeka elangeni elishisayo. Lokhu, ngokusho kodokotela, kwenze buthaka ukumelana komzimba negciwane kanye nomthelela wokugoma okukulo.
