Izilwane zaseYurophu, ukwehluka kwayo nezici
IYurophu ayilona izwekazi elikhulu kunawo wonke, kepha isathatha indawo enkulu ye-Eurasia enendawo ephelele engamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-102... Insimu yale ngxenye yomhlaba isuka entshonalanga isuka e-Atlantic Ocean iye eziNtabeni zase-Ural empumalanga.
Ngomngcele wasenyakatho, izwekazi lishaya amakhaza, ikakhulu limbozwe yiqhwa elifile, isikhala solwandle. Futhi eningizimu, isifunda iMedithera sinqamula e-Afrika eshisayo.
Ngokuyinhloko, indawo yemvelo imelwe amathafa, futhi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesithupha yensimu ehlala ezintabeni. Izimo zezulu zezifunda ezahlukahlukene zinquma ukuhlukaniswa kwezwekazi libe izingxenye zemvelo: kusuka ezingwadule zase-arctic kanye ne-tundra engapheli kuya ezingwadule nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuya ngezimo, abamele izilwane ezihlala ngamunye wabo banezici zabo ezihlukile.
Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, izwekazi laseYurophu lalingenye yezindawo zempucuko, lapho imboni yayithuthuka khona ngokushesha, izindawo eziningi zanikezwa umhlaba wezolimo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane zasendle, izimila kanye izilwane zomhlaba wase-europe, abake baba abacebile ngokweqile, kancane kancane basuswa umuntu emazweni akudala.
Vele, lokhu kuthinte kabi isimo sezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nabantu babameleli bayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zehla kakhulu ngenani, noma zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Inani elanele labo manje lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Kodwa-ke, umbuso wemvelo uqhubeka nempilo yawo kuze kube namuhla, futhi izilwane zase-europe angayeki ukumangala ngokuhluka kwawo okumangalisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ziye zashintsha, zahlala phansi eduze kwabantu.
Abanye abamele izilwane, ezivikelwe eziqiwini nasemapaki kazwelonke, bakhona futhi bazala kabusha endaweni yabo yemvelo. Elinye lamakhona anjalo yiBelovezhskaya Pushcha - into yokulondolozwa kwemvelo ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, lapho izithombe zemvelo yezintombi zingathinta inhliziyo yanoma ngubani ngobuhle bazo obucwathile.
Iningi labameleli bezilwane zaseYurophu bahlala endaweni yamahlathi aqinile futhi axubekile, kanye nasezindaweni ze-taiga. Kepha futhi nezinhlobo eziningi zezidalwa eziphilayo zihlala emaqeleni, i-tundra kanye ne-semi-desert.
Izithombe zezilwane zaseYurophu ezinamagama, kanye nemininingwane ngempilo nemininingwane yokubukeka kwangaphandle kwamalungu alo mbuso, okuyisici esikhethekile, ikakhulukazi, ngokuhlukahluka kwawo, esizokwethulwa ngezansi.
Izinyamazane ezinhle
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane. Zihlukile ngombala, ubukhulu kanye nokwakheka komzimba, kanye nokuma kwezimpondo. Abanye abameleli bomndeni wezinyamazane, abanobude bomzimba wamamitha amabili, bafinyelela isisindo esingaba ngu-200 kg. Ezinye izinhlobo zincane ngokuphindwe kabili, ngesisindo esingaphansi kwezikhathi ezine.
Inyamazane ebomvu phakathi kozakwabo idume ngokufanele ngomzimba omncane, ujabulisa ngentamo yayo ende, ukwakheka okulinganayo namehlo azwakalayo ansundu ngokubomvu.
Unekhanda elihlanganisiwe nebunzi elincanyana. Abesilisa bagqame ngezimpondo ezinamagatsha - isikhali esikhulu ekulweni nezimbangi zabesifazane. Umbala walezi zidalwa ezinhle, ongenawo amabala ehlobo, uhlukaniswa ngophuzi ophuzi ngokunsundu. Izilwane ezinjalo zihlala ekuhlanzekeni nasezingxenyeni zehlathi, ezigcwele utshani obuluhlaza, ezihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezipholile.
Esithombeni, inyamazane ebomvu
I-Reindeer
Ngesinye isikhathi, i-reindeer yasiza umuntu ukuba aqonde kahle iNyakatho, futhi manje bayaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emazweni amaningi amancane ahlala kulezo zindawo ezinzima zeqhwa. Lezi yizidalwa ezinhle, ezinkulu, abahlali be-taiga ne-tundra.
Imilenze yabo emifushane ayivimbeli ukuba zigijime kamnandi futhi ngokushesha. Uboya bazo obufudumele, obuphaphathekile, obucishe bube mhlophe, uboya bunesakhiwo esikhethekile, esibasiza ukuba baphile ezimweni ezinzima.
Izinwele zabo, eziyize ngaphakathi, zigcwele umoya, ongagcini ngokusindisa emakhazeni amakhulu, kepha wenza ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo zibhukude kahle. Lezi izilwane zasenyakatho europe bayathanda ukuzitika ngobulembu bezinyamazane, obuhlanganisa umhlaba we-tundra engapheli, ngakho-ke, abaningi babiza lesi sitshalo njengezinyamazane zezinyamazane.
Abesifazane abavela kuhlobo lwe-reindeer, kanye nabesilisa, banezimpondo zikanokusho, ezihlukile kwezinye izihlobo, lapho abesilisa kuphela abangaziqhayisa ngomhlobiso onjalo. Izikhali ezinjalo zibahlenge kaningi ekulweni nabaphikisi abanolaka, okuyinhloko yazo izimpisi nezimpisi.
I-Reindeer
Umvundla
Lesi silwane esincane esaziwayo sinomzimba omncane, ubukhulu bawo ngokuvamile abudluli ku-7 kg. Inhloko yalezi zidalwa ihlotshiswe ngezindlebe ezinde ezimise okwekhanda, ngenxa yokuthi ama-hares anendlebe enhle, athuthukiswe kakhulu kunokuthinta nephunga.
Esinye isici esivelele sezilwane ezinjalo yimilenze emide, ngenxa yobugagu bamahares anethuba lokucasha ezitheni zawo.
Umbala wesikhumba sabo uncike esikhathini: ehlobo uboya bunombala onsundu, onsundu noma obomvu ngokubomvu, ebusika kucishe kube mhlophe noma kumhlophe njengeqhwa, okwakha isisekelo sezaga nezisho.
Kuphela ngamathiphu ezindlebe zezidalwa ezi-agile ahlala amnyama unyaka wonke. Uhlobo lwe-hares lubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi. Unogwaja omhlophe uhlala enyakatho yeYurophu naseRussia. Unogwaja waseYurophu ungatholakala ehlathini laseYurophu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamahares zithole isiphephelo ezwenikazi, kepha zonke azaziwa kangako.
Ibhere elinsundu
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, lesi silwane asihlali nsundu ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa singaba mnyama, sehluke ngezinwele zoboya obukhanyayo noma ophuzi, sigqame nangombala obomvu njengomlilo.
Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla umhlaba, ibhere elinsundu libhekwa njengommeleli omkhulu wezilwane zomhlaba. Ukuba nendawo enkulu yokuhlala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kubalwa futhi phakathi izilwane zaseYurophu. Abaningi isidalwa esikhulu sohlobo lwamabhere ansundu ezwenikazi laseYurophu singatholakala eScandinavia.
Isisindo sezinhlobo ezithile zala malungu omndeni webhere singafinyelela kuma-400 kg. Ibhere elinsundu linomzimba onamandla omise okomgqomo onobunono obuphakeme. Amathe alo ahlukaniswa yizinyawo eziyizicaba.
Ngaleli khwalithi nangendlela yokuhamba, ungena ngaphakathi, amalungu alo mndeni athole isidlaliso: iklabhu yezinyawo. Amabunzi abo aphakeme, isifonyo sabo side, ikhanda labo liyindilinga.
Amabhere izilwane omnivorous, okokuqala nje - yizilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa kusukela inganekwane kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zidalwa uthando uju, kanye nama-acorn, amantongomane, amajikijolo nokunye okuningi. Lapho abamele lezi zilwane sebetholakele kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu.
Manje, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwamanani, bahlala ikakhulukazi ku- ENtshonalanga Yurophu, izilwane ingatholakala e-Apennines, Alps, Pyrenees, nasezintabeni zaseCantabrian.
Esithombeni kunebhere elinsundu
I-Lynx
Kuyisilwane esidla izinja esihle futhi esishesha ukutholakala esitholakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yaso. I-lynx inomzimba omfushane futhi ominyene, cishe oyimitha ubude. Umbala wejazi lezilwane ungaba nsundu ngokumpunga noma ube bomvu. Isifonyo sincane futhi siyindilinga, kukhona intshakaza ezindlebeni, kanye "nokushiswa okuseceleni" kwentshebe.
Izidladla zimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, okukuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokukhululeka, ngaphandle kweqhwa, ekushoneleni okujulile kweqhwa. Empilweni, lezi zidalwa zikhetha amahlathi ajulile, lapho zizingela khona ngempumelelo izakhamuzi zazo, zihlasela izisulu zazo ngokujikijela okusheshayo.
Isilwane se-European lynx
I-Wolverine
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwalezi zilwane, esinye sazo esihlala eYurophu. UWolverine ungummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-weasel, isilwane esingajwayelekile, esinobudlova futhi esinolaka, sikhuphuka ezihlahleni kahle, sizingela ebusuku, sihlasela izilwane ezibuthakathaka futhi ezilimele, hhayi ukudelela isidumbu.
Ukuma komzimba we-wolverine kunwetshiwe, umzimba uminyene, u-squat ngenxa yemilenze emifushane. Inoboya obunzima, obukhulu nobude. Kutholakala eScandinavia nasezifundazweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi.
Esithombeni kukhona i-wolverine
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Ezingwadule ezibandayo ze-Arctic, ezikhetha izindawo ezibandayo ezinamanzi avulekile, lesi silwane esikhulu sihlala, sizivumelanisa ngokuphelele nempilo endaweni ebucayi ebulalayo.
Abanikazi beqhwa bazingela bodwa, bondla ikakhulu izimvu zamanzi. Ukumboza ikhala elimnyama ngezidladla - okuwukuphela kwendawo egqamayo engemuva koboya obumhlophe phakathi kweqhwa, ngobuqili nangokuqapha, njengezimpimpi, banyonyobela inyamazane, baphumule ngokunganaki eqhweni, balibulale lapho lihlaselwa ngesibhaxu esisodwa sezidladla.
Izimbambo zePolar zijoyina ngokufanele uhlu izilwane ezinkulu zaseYurophu... Isisindo salesi silo, esihlukahluka kuye ngobulili nobuntu, silingana namakhulu amakhilogremu.
Izinsikazi zivame ukuba zincane ngosayizi, imvamisa zinesisindo esingeqile ku-150 kg. Kepha izibonelo zabantu besilisa zihlaba umxhwele ngempela. Isisindo sokurekhoda kubo kubhekwa cishe njengethani.
Impisi
Ngaphandle, lezi zilwane, ezihlala endaweni enkulu yezwekazi, zibukeka njengezinja ezinkulu ezinomzimba oqinile onemisipha nemilenze emide ezacile. Banekhanda elikhulu, izindlebe ezikhonjiwe, umsila ojiyile onesiqingatha semitha, uvamise ukwehla ubheke phansi.
Umlomo wempisi odumile uhlome ngamazinyo angama-42. Izimpisi ezingamantombazane ziza kulo mhlaba ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha kungekudala zithola umbala ophuzi ophuzi noma owolintshi, okhazimula ngokusobala ebumnyameni, owesabekayo futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, uxwayise izisulu zalesi sidlakela esiyingozi sobungozi.
Impungushe
Kumbozwe ngoboya obumangalisayo obuliphuzi-orange noma obomvu, lesi sidlakela se-canine sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg. Inomzimba omncane olengisiwe onemilenze emincane ephela ngezidladla ezinhle, lapho impungushe inyathela khona ngobumnene nangokuthula ngenkathi ihamba.
Lezi zidalwa zinomsila omude, opholile ozisiza zigcine ibhalansi yazo ngenkathi zigijima ngokushesha. Ngokulandela inyamazane yabo, bayakwazi ukuncintisana ngokushesha ngemoto. Izimpungushe zikhipha imisindo yokukhonkotha, imvamisa zizwakalisa indawo ezungezile phakathi nemidlalo yokukhwelana.
Inkabi yeMusk
Imele umndeni wama-bovids, kuyisihlobo esiseduze sezimbuzi nezinqama. Izidalwa ezinjalo zinokubukeka okungajwayelekile (njengoba ubona ku isithombe). Izilwane phakathi IYurophu etholakala eSweden naseNorway.
Inkabi ye-musk imbozwe ngobuningi obukhulu, kwezinye izindawo izinwele ezinde kakhulu, ezihlukaniswa ngejazi elithambile. Izinwele zabo ngemuva zinombala onsundu onsundu, abantu abamhlophe bayaziwa. Zincibilika minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Izimpondo ezinendawo ebushelelezi nokumila okuyindilinga ikakhulukazi zenza ukubukeka okumangazayo kwalezi zidalwa. Imihlobiso enjalo isekhanda eliseduze komunye nomunye, ihlukaniswe kuphela ngomucu omncane we-fluff noma uboya. Izinkabi zeMusk zihlala emihlambini. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu ezikwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha amabili ngosayizi.
Isilwane senkomo yeMusk
Inyathi
Kepha noma kunjalo isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu inyathi ingummeleli wokugcina wezinkunzi zasendle kule ngxenye yomhlaba, isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sezinyathi zaseMelika.
Ngesinye isikhathi, izidalwa ezinjalo zaziziningi impela, zizulazula zingathintwa yinoma ngubani emahlathini aqandayo futhi aqinile aseningizimu-mpumalanga, entshonalanga nasenkabeni yezwekazi laseYurophu.
Izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezipholile. Ngaphandle, zifana kakhulu nezinkunzi, zinesifuba esikhulu, kepha zincane kakhulu. Ikhanda labo elikhulu, elithweswe umqhele ngezimpondo ezinde ezigobile, lihlukaniswa ebunzini elibanzi.
Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimfishane. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinyathi zazisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Futhi kuphela yimizamo yokuzidela yososayensi, abasebenzi be-zoo kanye nabantu abazimele abasize ekulondolozeni lezi zilwane ezinhle ukuze zenzele isizukulwane esizayo.
Inyathi esithombeni
I-Hedgehog
Lesi sithombe esihle, esingenabungozi, esigcwele ngokuphelele izinaliti, lesi silwane sivame ukutholakala eYurophu. Uhlala emahlathini nasemathafeni, angahlala futhi akhiphe amawundlu akhe ezingadini eziseduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu.
Imvamisa lesi silwane singatholwa sicathama ezindaweni ezinotshani obukhulu. Umkhuba wakhe wokugoqana ube yibhola eli-spiky ngezikhathi zengozi uyaziwa ngabaningi. AmaHedgehogs anomlomo omude, ubucwebe obuzwakalayo nobumnandi. Ziwusizo kakhulu ekubulaleni izinambuzane eziyingozi.
U-Elk
Emndenini wezinyamazane, lesi silwane sithathwa njengesikhulu kunazo zonke, futhi ngokuya ngamamitha amathathu ukuphakama phakathi kwama-ungulates, singesesibili kwindlulamithi kuphela. Kodwa umzimba wakhe mfushane uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa imilenze yakhe mide kakhulu.
Ikhanda elisindayo lihlotshiswe ngezimpondo zohlobo lwesici se-elk, mancane futhi athanda ukuya ezinhlangothini. Ukuzingela okungalawuleki bekuyimbangela enkulu yokucekelwa phansi kwalezi zinto izilwane... Kwa Amazwe aseYurophu manje zitholakala ikakhulukazi eScandinavia nasensimini yezinye izifundazwe kule ngxenye yomhlaba.
I-moose ebonisiwe
Ingulube
Ingulube enkulu yasendle, evame ukutholakala ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga yezwekazi, isisindo sayo esivame ukukalwa kwikota yethani. Kuyisilwane esime ngobuningi esinekhanda elikhulu nempumu ehambayo.
Imilenze yezingulube imfishane. Kodwa-ke, iyagijima futhi yeqe ngokuphelele. Umzimba wayo, ophelela emsileni omncane onentshakaza, umbozwe ngoboya obumahhadla, obunsundu ngokumpunga.
Laba ngabantu abahlala emahlathini e-oki namahlathi abanzi, abathanda ukudla ama-acorn, bagingqike njengazo zonke izingulube ezisodakeni futhi bafudumeze isisu sabo elangeni. Ziphinde zitholakale emahlathini, ikakhulukazi emigodini yemifula, emabhange ayo kugcwele izimila zomhlanga.
Umndeni wezingulube zasendle
Weasel
Yize kunegama, kuyisidlakela esinolaka futhi esikhazimulayo, kodwa esinomusa nesinomusa ngobukhulu obuncane, ubude baso bomzimba ngokuvamile abudluli amasentimitha angama-25. Uboya besilwane somndeni we-weasel bunombala onsundu ngokubomvu, kuphela intamo nesisu okugqame okumhlophe.
Izikhumba zalezi zidalwa ezincane azaziswa kakhulu, futhi akulula neze ukuzingela isilwane esidangele, ngakho-ke, umuntu akasona isitha esikhulu se-weasel, kepha angaba isisulu sezilwane ezinkulu.
Ama-Weasel anenzuzo enkulu, aqothula izindimbane zamagundane. Lezi zilwane zitholakala ezindaweni eziminyene nezihlahlana, zithola isiphephelo emifantwini yamadwala.
I-Animal weasel
UFerret
Isilwane esinesisindo esingaba ngu-2 kg naso siyilungu lomndeni we-weasel. Umzimba walesi silwane esincelisayo unwetshiwe futhi uyaguquguquka, umgqomo ngenxa yemilenze emifushane ngokungalingani.
Eminwe yesilwane kukhona uzipho oluqinile kakhulu olude, olwenza isilwane sikwazi ukumba imigodi ejulile futhi sikhuphuke ngobuciko emithini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ferrets abhukuda kahle, futhi agxume phansi.
Umbala woboya obuhle futhi obuthambile bezilwane ungaba mnyama, isihlabathi futhi ube mhlophe. Izikhumba zeFerret zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu, okwaholela ekuqothulweni okukhulu kwabantu babo.
UFerret esithombeni
U-Otter
Akusona isilwane esidla inyama esikhulu kakhulu, esinesisindo esingaba ngu-10 kg. Lezi zilwane zichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, zidla izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans, futhi zidla namaqanda amagundane nezinyoni zomhlaba.
Zibhukuda ngobuciko, futhi lapho zitshuza, zingabamba umoya isikhathi eside. Njengabo bonke abamele umndeni we-weasel, banomzimba oguquguqukayo nezidladla ezincane, kepha futhi bafakelwe ulwelwesi.
Amazinyo nezinzipho zawo kubukhali impela. Umsila unemisipha futhi mude. Uboya be-otter obuyingqayizivele buhlonishwa kakhulu, bugqokwa ngokungavamile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-17 zezilwane ezinjalo.
Ama-Otters
UMarten
Umzimba ozacile futhi omude walesi sidlo ucishe ube uhhafu wemitha ubude. Isifonyo seMarten sibukhali; sinezindlebe ezincane ezingunxantathu, zihighwe ngombala ophuzi. Umsila ulingana nengxenye yobude bomzimba.
Isikhumba sesilika sesilwane siqukethe uboya obubomvu obusabekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele zasebusika zicebile kakhulu futhi ziyajiya. Lezi zidalwa zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, zihamba ngokukhululeka eceleni kwamagatsha, zenze ukweqa kwamamitha amane.Zigijimela phansi futhi. Impilo esebenzayo isebenza ezilwaneni lapho kuhwalala.
Ama-martens abonisiwe
Ermine
Esinye isilwane esiyigugu esinoboya, uboya baso ebusika sihlukaniswa ngumthunzi omhlophe njengeqhwa, sithathwa njengophawu lokuhlanzeka okungasetshenzisiwe. Izikhumba zalesi sidalwa zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingubo zabantu abathweswe imiqhele, lapho kwakwenziwa khona izingubo zabahluleli.
Ngosayizi, i-ermine incane kune-marten. Inekhanda elingunxantathu, izindlebe ezincane, intamo ende nemilenze emifushane. Ehlobo, ijazi layo liba nemibala emibili: umbala onsundu ngokubomvu ngenhla, ulula kakhulu ngezansi. EYurophu, lesi silwane sitholakala njengomthetho ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi, imvamisa sihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
I-ermine yezilwane
Sable
Uboya balesi silwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini we-mustelidae, ubukhulu bomsila wesilwane bungaba cishe uhhafu wobude bomzimba waso, kungaba fawn, sandy-yellow, brown noma ukukhanya kakhulu. Kuyinto enamandla futhi enobungcweti, isilwane esiphakathi nendawo, isakhamuzi se-taiga. Ubude beqa lakhe bungafika ku-70 cm.
Okubonisiwe yidlwane lesilwane
Ingwejeje
Lesi silwane esincelisayo, esihlukaniswa njengegundane, sivame kakhulu izilwane, ngihlala eYurophu... Izingwejeje zihlala ezihlahleni, zihamba ngokweqa okuxakile zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, azihlali nje kuphela emahlathini ajulile, kepha izingadi namapaki amadolobha amakhulu ezwenikazi.
Lezi zilwane zinezindlebe ezinde nomzimba, umsila onobuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobukhulu bawo nezidladla ezinezinzipho eziqinile. Uboya bazo bunombala obomvu, omnyama futhi onsundu ngombala. Izingwejeje azibesabi nakancane abantu, iningi lazo licishe libe luthambile, lamukele amantongomane futhi liphathe ezandleni zabantu.
Chipmunk
Ngeyomndeni wesikwele futhi ifana nesihlobo sayo ngokubukeka. Igundane linesisindo esingu-150 g kuphela.Linejazi elinsundu ngemibala ehlukene nomsila omude. I-chipmunk ihlala esihlahleni, ihlala emahlathini omnyezane, ihlathi le-birch, i-bird cherry. EYurophu, itholakala ikakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.
Okufanekisiwe i-chipmunk
UGopher
Enye igundane lomndeni wesikwele. Isakhamuzi sehlathi-tundra, esihlala futhi emadlelweni nasemathafeni asezingeni elipholile. Inamadlebe amafushane nemilenze yangemuva engalingani ngokulingana.
Ijazi layo lingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene: kusuka kokusomi kuya kokuluhlaza. Izilwane zihlala emigodini ezimba yona. Ama-Gopher ahlala emakoloni, adla izitshalo nezinambuzane.
Esithombeni kukhona ama-gopher
Ikamela
Lezi zakhamizi eziqinile, ezinomswakamo owodwa noma ezinama-humped amabili ezifundeni ezomile, ezikwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi, zine-thermophilic kakhulu futhi azizange zigxile kuleli zwekazi, noma ngabe kwenziwa umzamo ongakanani kulo.
Kepha noma kunjalo, izidalwa ezinjalo zingatholakala kwezinye izindawo zaseMpumalanga nase ENingizimu Yurophu. Izilwane ube nentamo ende egobile; izindlebe eziyindilinga, ezincane; uboya obugobile.
Kusukela esihlabathini sonke isikhathi esingena emehlweni nasemakhaleni lapho sihamba ogwadule, imvelo ibivikele, izuzisa ngezinkophe ezi-shaggy futhi inciphile, njengama-slits, amakhala. Amakamela ayizilwane ezifuywayo kuphela.
Kepha bakhonza umuntu amakhulu eminyaka. Le "mikhumbi yasogwadule" ingabonakala emagcekeni abalimi, isibonelo, eKalmykia. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, ipulazi lekamela laqhamuka ngase-Amsterdam.
Ukulimaza
Kubukeka njenge-hamster futhi kungokomndeni ofanayo. Izilwane zincane kakhulu ngosayizi, kanti isisindo sazo singama-70 g kuphela.Uboya obunsundu noma obuyingxube.
U-Lemming ungumhlali wezifunda ezibandayo: ihlathi-i-tundra ne-tundra, othanda kakhulu izindawo ezibonakala ngokucacile zigcwele ubulembu - izimila ezisebenza njengokudla kwesilwane. Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile sezinzipho sisiza lezi zidalwa eziphilayo ukuba zihlale ebusweni beqhwa.
Ulimi lwezilwane
Iphela
Lapho ebuzwa mayelana isilwane esidala kunazo zonke eYurophu, ungathola impendulo ongayilindele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, sinjalo isinambuzane sephela, esizondwa ngabaningi, siphindaphindeka ngobuningi obukhulu futhi simila ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Izinsalela zalezi zidalwa zitholakala ngobuningi ezindaweni zenhlabathi zePaleozoic.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi sebekhona emhlabeni iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-320. Ngaphandle kwesifiso esiphikelelayo somuntu sokuziqeda nganoma iyiphi indlela, izinambuzane ezinjalo zihlala kuzo zonke izindawo lapho abantu bakhona, zingena emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Intuthwane
Amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo, ngokubekezela elwela ukusinda iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-130, asiza ukusinda futhi asinde kuze kube yileli khulu lanamuhla cishe ngaphambi kokubonakala kwangaphambi komlando kwentuthwane yanamuhla.
Lezi zinambuzane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, njengoba wazi, zikwazi ukuphakamisa izinsimbi kakhulu kakhulu kunesisindo sazo. EYurophu, bahlala yonke indawo, ngaphandle kweFar North.
Ukhozi
Inyoni edla inyama enobukhulu obumangazayo, isatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu yezwekazi futhi ikhetha izingqimba zezintaba ezingahlali muntu. Uhlobene noheshe noxhaka.
Izinyoni zihlukaniswa yimizimba yazo emikhulu yemisipha, intamo ethuthukisiwe, imilenze eqinile, nomsila omfushane futhi omncane. Izinkozi zinamehlo abukhali ngokwedlulele, okuzivumela ukuba zibone inyamazane encane ebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa, yize ukuhamba kwezinhlamvu zamehlo zazo kunciphile.
Uqhwaku oluhlaba umxhwele nezinzipho ezibukhali zenza umzingeli wezilwane ongenakuqhathaniswa. Izimpiko zezinyoni zivame ukuba ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili, okuzivumela ukuba zikhuphuke isikhathi eside, ziqaphe indawo ezungeze ubude obungamamitha angamakhulu ayisikhombisa, zikhetha inyamazane yazo.
Ukundiza kokhozi kwaziwa ngokushaya kwalo okujulile, okunamandla futhi kuhle ngokuhamba kwalo ngendlela emangalisayo. Ubukhulu bale nyoni, obuthathwa ngabantu abaningi basendulo njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu, kwaba yisizathu sokwakhiwa kwezinganekwane nezinganekwane.
Ukhozi lwenyoni
Ukhozi
Umzingeli onamaphiko, isikhali esikhulu saso uqhwaku olunezinyo elibukhali ekugcineni. Lapho indiza, le nyoni ishesha ngendlela eyisimanga futhi iba nesivinini esikhulu.
Ngokushesha nokuhamba kahle emoyeni, lapho lezi zidalwa zizizwa zingcono kakhulu kunasemhlabeni, zithole isicoco sompetha phakathi kwezinyoni eziphila emhlabeni.
Izimpiko zalezi zidalwa zinobude obukhulu, kanti ukhozi luyandiza luvuleke kakhulu izimpiko zalo. EYurophu, izinyoni zingabonakala ezindaweni eziningi, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic.
Okufanekisiwe yinyoni yokhokho
Uklebe
Ukhozi, njengokhozi, luvame ukukhulunywa ezinganekwaneni eziningi zasendulo. Ngesikhathi sofaro, amehlo akhe ansundu noma abomvu abhekwa njengophawu lwenyanga nelanga. Lesi sidalwa sinendatshana ezacile, enamaphiko ayindilinga, amafushane, kodwa abanzi nomsila omude.
Ineminwe emide ezidladleni zayo, ifakwe uzipho oluqinile. Namuhla, inyoni enjalo ingabonakala ikakhulukazi emahlathini amadala okwakhiwa kabusha.
Esithombeni uklebe
Isikhova
Emndenini wesikhova, le nyoni edla inyama ibhekwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke, efinyelela isisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg. Impilo yayo esebenzayo iqala ngokuqala kokuhwalala futhi yenziwa ebusuku.
Umzimba wezinyoni ugcwele futhi uminyene, imilenze imifushane, kodwa inamandla kakhulu. Izimpiko zinamandla, zinobude obufinyelela kumamitha amabili, ikhanda likhulu ngokungenakulinganiswa, nomlomo oxhumekile.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu kulezi zidalwa ngamehlo amakhulu anganyakazi o-orenji okhanyayo, ophuzi noma obomvu, akwazi ukubona kahle futhi akhanye ebumnyameni.
Umbala wezimpaphe ezicwebezelayo futhi eziminyene ungaba nentuthu mpunga noma ube nsundu ngokugqwala. Ukuzwakala okuncane kwesikhova esihlahleni esingaweleki sehlathi kungazwakala ebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa.
UNightingale
ERussia, ukucula kwe-nightingale sekucishe kwaba yinganekwane. Ngaphandle, lezi yizidalwa ezibukeka njengejwayelekile, zilingana nondlunkulu, zihlukaniswa ngumthethosisekelo obuthaka futhi omncane. Amehlo anjengobuhlalu obumnyama obugqama ekhanda elincane. Umbala wezimpaphe ungaba bomvu, nsundu noma umnqumo, isisu sinamachashazi.
Inyoni yaseNightingale
I-Thrush
Kwabaningi, ukucula kwe-thrush kuzwakala umculo omnandi nothando, owaze waba yisizathu sokubhala ingoma eyake yathandwa kakhulu. Izimpaphe zihlukaniswa zaba ama-subspecies amaningana, ngalinye linezici zalo ezihlukile.
Inyoni yengoma ingahlukaniswa kozakwabo ngomthunzi ompunga noma ushokoledi ngaphezulu kwekhanda, emuva nomsila, izinhlangothi eziphuzi nesisu esimhlophe, kanye nesifuba, esimakwe imivimbo ensundu.
Esithombeni kune-bird thrush
Kakade
Lolu hlobo lwezidalwa ezifana nezinyoka, olungenabungozi ngokuphelele futhi olungenabo ubuthi, luvame ukutholakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Amabala wokukhanya amise okokhelezi, angabonakala ezinhlangothini zalezi zidalwa, enza kube nokwenzeka ukuwahlukanisa ngokungenakuphikwa nezinyoka.
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wezinyoka mpunga, ime ngaphandle ngemibala ehlukahlukene, isisu sezidalwa simhlophe. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ukuma komsila kuhlukile: kuyindilinga futhi kufushane, kunamandla futhi kuzacile, kungazelelwe noma kubukhali.
Esithombeni vele
Ixoxo
Lokhu kudalwa okunamanzi atholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu eduze kwamaxhaphozi, amachibi nemifula ethulile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaxoxo, zonke zihlukaniswa: ikhanda elihlanganiswe nomzimba omfishane ngokungabikho okuphelele kwentamo; ekhanda eliyisicaba amehlo aphumile ame kahle.
Umsila awutholakali, ubakhona kuphela kothisipoli, kepha uyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umbala wamaxoxo ungahluka kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, isikhumba sabo esingenamanzi sibonakala ngombala ovikelayo: oluhlaza okotshani, ompunga-oluhlaza, okuvame ukuba nombala onsundu noma ophuzi.
Ubukhulu bamaxoxo buxhomeke ohlotsheni, futhi maningi awo. Okuvame kakhulu eYurophu amaxoxo otshani namachibi. Ziwusizo kakhulu ngoba zibulala omiyane nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
