Ngeshwa, unyaka nonyaka amagama ayanda futhi afakiwe ohlwini olusemthethweni lwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezivikelwe ezweni lethu - eRed Book laseRussia.
Nazi ezinye izithombe zezilwane ezingavamile eRussiaezisemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa okuphelele, okungenzeka, izizukulwane ezilandelayo zizokwazi ukubuka kuphela ezithombeni nasezithombeni kuma-encyclopedia.
Impisi ebomvu yasentabeni
Indawo yemvelo yalobu buhle enezikhumba zomlilo ezibomvu, ezibomvu nezibomvu yingxenye yezintaba zaseMpumalanga Ekude, ngokombono webalazwe lezepolitiki lomhlaba, lezi izingxenye zezindawo zaseChina, eRussia naseMongolia.
Isilwane siseduze kokuqothulwa okuphelele, uma ngaphambili isizathu sasizingela, manje sekuyi-ecology. Kubabazekayo, ngaphandle kwehaba, kwenziwa imizamo yokulondoloza labantu. Ukwanda okuncane kuze kube manje kufinyelelwe ezweni lethu kuphela, endaweni yesiqiwu semvelo seLake Baikal.
Ngaphandle, lesi silwane esihle, esinamandla, esifana nesiphambano esiphakathi komalusi waseJalimane nempungushe, sinesisindo esingu-11.5 kuya ku-22 kg, ukuphakama kulingana ngokulingana nesisindo saso, futhi kungafinyelela imitha ubude.
Uhlala endaweni enezintaba ezineqhwa futhi uyamxwaya umuntu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukumthwebula endaweni yemvelo.
Ihhashi likaPrzewalski
Lawa mahhashi asendle amahle, sengathi aqoshiwe, akulula izilwane eziyivelakancane eRussia, zingesinye sezilwane eziyivelakancane emhlabeni. Kunezinkulungwane ezingaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamahhashi kaPrzewalski emhlabeni wonke, futhi inani lawo lincipha ngokuqhubekayo.
Lolu hlobo lwamahhashi asendle yilo kuphela olukhona namuhla ngesimo salo semvelo esiyiqiniso, nesicwebile. Ukuphakama kwamahhashi kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.2 kuya ku-1.4, ubude bungafinyelela kumamitha ama-2, futhi le nkanyezi yama-steppes isisindo esisuka ku-290 kuye ku-345 kg.
UGoral Priamursky
Le mbuzi kwakungathi iphuma kwikhathuni lakwaDisney, iyahlekisa futhi iyathinta, inomusa futhi iyethemba. Ngeshwa, izimbuzi zasendle zasendle, noma ama-gorals - izilwane ezingavamile nezisengozini yokuqothuka eRussiauhlushwa imvelo nemisebenzi yabantu.
Okwamanje, kunabantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa, futhi akukaze kube nokwanda kwe-goral endaweni yeziqiwi zaseMpumalanga Ekude iminyaka eminingi.
Ama-Gorals ahlala ngamaqembu amancane abantu abayi-6-12, afuduka eyindilinga endaweni yawo. Ukuphakama kwezilwane kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-85 cm, ngobude zingakhula zifike ku-100-125 cm, nesisindo sazo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ibanga ukusuka ku-45 kuye ku-55 kg.
I-walrus yase-Atlantic
UWalrus ungowokuzalwa e-Atlantic oLwandle iBarents futhi, ngokwengxenye, loKara Sea. it isilwane esingajwayelekile esivela encwadini ebomvu yaseRussia hhayi nje kuphela olunye lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe ngokucophelela, kodwa kusukela ngama-60s ekhulu elidlule leminyaka ibuyiselwe.
Lezi zikhuni ezilengisiwe, ezibucayi, ezicishe zikhumbule amadombolo amakhulu, zingafinyelela ithani elilodwa nengxenye esisindweni sazo, futhi zikhule zifike kumamitha ayi-4-5.
Uphawu Eared noma ulwandle ingonyama
Lesi sidalwa esihle sihlala eziqhingini zasePacific naseKamchatka. Ubude, izilwane azivamile ukukhula ngaphansi kwamamitha ama-3-3.5, futhi isisindo sazo sisuka kumathani ayi-1-1.5.
Lolu hlobo lophawu, yize lukhulu ngobukhulu, luyashesha kakhulu, lufuna ukwazi futhi kulula ukuluqeqesha. Imvamisa, ema-zoo, izilwane "zijabulisa" izethameli, ngokwazo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwabona emasekisini ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu kakhulu nesifiso sokudla kakhulu.
Ihlengethwa elibhekene namakhanda amhlophe
Lesi silwane esincelisayo manje sesihlala oLwandle iBarents. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, iningi lamahlengethwa anjalo ayehlala oLwandle iBaltic, kodwa manje cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nawo lapho.
Lapho kuhlanganiswa ukukhethwa kwemifanekiso izilwane ezingavamile zaseRussia, isithombe Ihlengethwa elinobuso obumhlophe cishe lihlala likhohlakala, yize lolu hlobo luhle ngokungavamile, amaphiko nezinhlangothi zalo kucwebezela ngombala omnyama okwesibhakabhaka, kufiphaza amanzi asolwandle ashubile asenyakatho.
Amahlengethwa awavamile ukuba ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-3.5 ubude, futhi isisindo sawo silingana nokuphakama kwawo. Naphezu kobukhulu obumangalisa kangaka, abanezintshebe ezimhlophe baba nesivinini esikhulu, badlula kalula izikebhe zemidlalo.
Ingwe yaseFar Eastern Amur
Amakati amangalisayo asendle anezinhlobo ezivikelwe kakhulu. Ngokubulala ingwe enjalo, eChina isijeziso esisodwa yisigwebo sentambo. Ngeshwa, ayikho imithetho enjalo ezweni lethu, ngakho ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyaqhubeka nokuchuma, kunciphisa inani labantu.
Ngokusho kwabaqaphi ekupheleni konyaka odlule, kuphela abantu abangama-48 balolu hlobo abasele ebhange laseRussia i-Amur, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi akuyona ingwe, kodwa "ingwe yomfula," ikakhulukazi lapho kuthengiswa izikhumba zayo. Ubude bomzimba balobu buhle, obuvela endaweni yokubuka yezilwane, ama-panther ahlukahlukene, aphakathi kuka-110 kuya ku-140 cm, nesisindo sabo - kusuka ku-42 kuye ku-56 kg.
Ingwe yaseFar Eastern Ussuri
Lawa makati amakhulu, ngaphandle kwehaba - izinkanyezi phakathi izilwane zasendle ezingavamile zaseRussia, cishe bonke abahlali bomhlaba bayabazi "ebusweni". Amahlosi asenyakatho futhi amakhulu kunawo wonke sekuyisikhathi eside abe elinye lamakhadi okuvakasha ezweni lethu, okungukuthi, ngeshwa, awavimbi abazingeli abangekho emthethweni abazingelayo.
Ngaphezu kokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho, inani lezinhlobo ezinemigqa lisongelwa nokwandiswa kwezindawo zamadolobha, neminye imisebenzi yabantu. Ubude balezi zinsimbi ezihloniphekile bufinyelela kumamitha angu-2.8-3.9, isisindo sazo sisuka ku-180 kuye ku-320 kg, futhi ukuphakama kokubuna akuvamile ukuba ngaphansi kuka-95-130 cm.
Asiatic steppe ingulule
Lesi silwane esidla ezinye asiyona nje izilwane ezingavamile, ehlala eRussia, kucishe kube uhlobo oluphelile. Kunezingulule ezingama-24 ezinjengalezi ezihlala ema-zoo emhlabeni, nezilwane eziyishumi kuphela endle, zonke ezisendaweni engaphansi kwesiqiwi esiseduze neSyr Darya.
Ingulule ngayinye iyaqhekeka futhi ingaphansi kokuvikelwa okuqaphile, kepha-ke, ukubikezelwa kokutholwa kwabantu kuyinto engeyinhle neze. Isisindo somzingeli sisukela ku-42 kuye ku-62 kg, ubude obungu-1.15-1.45 wamamitha nokuphakama okungafika kuma-90 cm.
Imbuzi yasentabeni yaseNtshonalanga Caucasian noma ukuvakasha
TO izinhlobo ezingavamile zezilwane eRussia Ijoyine muva nje, futhi imisebenzi yabantu bekufanele isolwe. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hambo iyindawo yomngcele ophakathi kweRussia neGeorgia, isimo esingesihle lapho esikhathini esedlule nje kungazange kuthinte abantu kuphela, kepha nezilwane, kubeka ubungozi bazo engcupheni. Ubude bomzimba balobu buhle obungafinyeleleki bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.15-1.4, ukukhula kwabo akuvamile ukuba ngaphansi kunemitha, futhi isisindo singama-60-100 kg.
Ingwe yesithwathwa noma irbis
Isilwane esiyivelakancane somndeni we-feline. Kubhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red Data Book (International Union for Conservation of Nature) naseRed Data Book yaseRussia. Inani lezingwe zeqhwa lisongelwa kakhulu yisimo semvelo kanye nemiphumela yokwandiswa kwezindawo ezakhiwe ngabantu.
Ubude bezingwe zeqhwa bufinyelela kumamitha angu-2.7-3.5, ngesisindo esiphakathi kuka-40-55 kg, kepha ubude baso buphansi, ubude obulinganiselwe besilwane esivela ku-30 kuye ku-50 cm.
Izinyamazane ze-Musk
Le yinyamazane enhle enamazinyo enama-saber ehlala ogwini lweLake Baikal. Lesi silwane, njengezinye eziningi, bekufanele sibe uhlobo olungajwayelekile futhi oluvikelwe ngenxa yomuntu.
Endabeni yezinyamazane ze-musk, isigebengu kwaba ukuzingelwa okungalawuleki kubo, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwezindlala ze-musk, hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kobuciko, ngokwesibonelo, ezindleleni zokupheka zemithi yendabuko, kodwa futhi nakwezindawo zokwamukela zemithi zezinto zokwenziwa kwezilwane nezitshalo.
Okwamanje, isimo siyathuthuka, inani lezinyamazane ezincane, elihle futhi elihlukile ekubukekeni kwazo okuthile, liyakhula. Ukukhula kwezinyamazane ze-musk kuyehluka kusuka ku-65 kuya ku-80 cm, azidluli imitha ubude, futhi isisindo sazo, ngokwesilinganiso, sisuka ku-12 kuye ku-19 kg.
I-Himalaya Black Bear noma iSloth
Umdabu waseMpumalanga Ekude. Ingatholakala ezweni lakithi ePrimorsky Territory, emahlathini aseduze eKhabarovsk, futhi, ikakhulukazi, kuyo yonke inkambo ye-Amur.
Akukona okwezinhlobo ezisengozini emhlabeni wonkana, futhi isibalo saso siyancipha, ngeshwa, kuphela ezweni lethu. Isizathu salokhu bekungumsebenzi wabantu.
Incanyana impela, uma iqhathaniswa nsundu - ubude "obusuka ezithendeni kuya komqhele" buyimitha elilodwa nengxenye kuya kwamamitha amabili, ngokukhula kubuna kusuka kumasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-80.
I-Bat enkulu kusihlwa
La "ma-vampire" amahle, afana nama-hamsters endizayo kunezilo ezimunca igazi, ahlala engxenyeni yezwe lethu yaseYurophu, okuyiNizhny Novgorod, iTver, iMoscow nezinye izifunda ezimaphakathi.
Amagundane ahlala emakoloni amakhulu kakhulu, okudala ukuphazamiseka kubahlali bendawo, abathi, ngentshiseko yabakhiphi bamademoni, baqala ukubabhubhisa.
Uma kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule abantu babenesikhathi sokululama futhi amagundane asuswa enembile ezindaweni lapho abhujiswa khona, manje umuntu usethathe wonke amazwe ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala.
Ukunwetshwa kwamadolobha ezifundeni ezimaphakathi kuholele engcupheni yokuqothulwa kwalolu hlobo lwamalulwane ebusweni bomhlaba. Okwamanje, zifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe, noma kunjalo, ezimweni zemvelo, kusenamagundane ambalwa anenhlekelele, naseziqiwini ezisezindaweni ezikude kakhulu kunendawo yazo yemvelo, amagundane awagxili.
Ubude bomzimba onoboya wasebusuku bufinyelela ku-10-15 cm, lezi zingane zinesisindo esisuka ku-45 kuye ku-75 amagremu, kepha i-wingspan, edala umsindo othusayo phakathi nezindiza ebusuku, ingama-50-60 cm.
Emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi, ngeshwa, cishe uhhafu wezinhlobo ezinyamalalayo ezidinga ukunakwa, ukuvikelwa ngokucophelela nokusizwa ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane - izilwane ezingavamile zaseRussia.
Ngenhlanhla, uhulumeni, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nabomthetho benza konke okusemandleni ukuze lezi zilwane zinganyamalali ebusweni beplanethi yethu, kepha le mizamo ayenele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
