Imithi yesimanjemanje ilungisa izifo eziningi eziphazamisayo, izimbangela zazo ezingena ezithweni zomuntu. Esinye sezizathu zokwakheka kwezifo ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanzi engaphekiwe kahle.
Isizathu sesibili sifanele uma ukulungiswa kwezinhlanzi kungalandeli ubuchwepheshe obufanele. Abathandi bezinhlanzi eziluhlaza baba yiziguli ezivamile ngokuphetha kwezifo eziphazamisayo.
I-helminth enzima phakathi kwe-trematode yi i-metacercarium... Itholakala ngaphakathi kwezinhlanzi, izinkalankala, futhi ihlobene ngqo neqembu lama-flatworms. Ama-helminths alolu hlobo angena kuwo wonke ingaphakathi lenhlanzi.
Okuyingozi kakhulu lapho ingena emehlweni nasebuchosheni bezinhlanzi. Futhi, izibungu zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni zasemanzini. Bafika lapho bevela emadamini, behamba neminenke. Akuvamile ukuthi izinhlanzi zingene endaweni yokuhlala ethokomele ngokudla futhi zihlasele ngenkuthalo izinto eziphilayo, ezinempilo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-metacercaria
I-Opisthorchis metacercariae zitholakala kwezicubu zemisipha ye-carp oda. Kwi-cecariae (izibungu), inhlanzi ingumbungazi ophakathi nendawo. Kuyo, i-cecariae ikhula ibe yi-metacercariae. Izimuncagazi azinawo amandla okudluliselwa zisuka kolunye ufishi ziye kolunye, ngokuba izibungu.
Kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke nge-helminths kuphela ngama-parasites asebekhulile asebekhulile. Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi i-lake crucian carp, i-minnow, i-river barbel, enomswakama ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo izenza zitheleleke ekuthelelekeni.
Ezimweni eziningi, izibungu zitholakala emehlweni, zithinta:
- amalensi wamehlo;
- imizimba ye-vitreous;
- imvelo yangaphakathi yezinhlamvu zamehlo.
Kunamaqembu amane ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nantathu zezilonda zeso nelensi. I-Metacercariae iyingozi ngoba iyamelana nemvelo. Abasabi amazinga okushisa aphansi.
I-Metacercariae enhlanzini
Kuphela ngokumisa umkhiqizo ube yi - 40 ° C okungenani amahora ayi-7, izibungu ziyanyamalala. Uma iqandiswe ngo -35 ° C, i-cecarii ilahlekelwa amandla ayo ngemuva kwamahora ayi-14 okubanda.
Izinhlanzi ezibandayo ku- -28 ° C kuthatha okungenani amahora angama-32 ukuqeda lesi sifo. Kepha kumazinga aphakeme, izimuncagazi zibonisa ukuzwela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuhlukaniswa nezinhlanzi, zifa ngemizuzu engu-5-10 ku- + 55 ° C.
Ngokuthuthuka i-metacercariae yama-trematode, unezici:
- ezinye izizukulwane;
- shintsha abanikazi.
Ama-molluscs, izinhlanzi, izinambuzane zisebenza njengabaphathi abaphakathi kwama-trematode. Lolu hlobo lwe-helminth lunomphathi owengeziwe. Kepha ezimweni ezingama-80%, ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka, angenza ngaphandle kwakhe.
Izizukulwane ziyashintshana ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwama-parasites hhayi kwizibungu ezivuthiwe kuphela, kepha nakwizibungu. Izibungu zizala esinye isizukulwane se-cecarii, esigcina sikhule sibe yimo yabantu abadala.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila ye-metacercaria
I-Metacercariae yehlukile kwamanye ama-helminths ekilasini labo ngosayizi wabo omncane. Umzimba we-helminth unezinkomishi ezimbili zokudonsa:
1. esiswini;
2. ngomlomo.
Izikelemu zihlasela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomphathi wazo, zimunce izakhi zomzimba, ngaleyo ndlela zigcine umsebenzi wazo obalulekile. Indebe yokudonsa ingukuqala kwendlela yokugaya ukudla. Isiphetho sangemuva somzimba sinesiteshi sokukhishwa kokudla okusetshenzisiwe.
Ukungena emigodini yezinhlanzi, izibungu azande. Ukuhlala kule ndawo, abanalo ithuba lokondla nokukhula. Balinde umzuzu lapho kuzodliwa khona inhlanzi esokhaya. Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, ama-microorganisms acasha ngaphakathi kwe-capsule, eyakhiwa izicubu zenqwaba yenhlanzi.
I-Metarcercariae ijwayele ukukhipha izinto ezinobuthi eziholela ekufeni kwama-lobes branchial. Izinhlanzi ziba buthakathaka, ziphezu kwamanzi, ngoba zithola inani elinganele le-oxygen.
Izinhlanzi zingena emanetheni abadobi, noma ziba isisulu sezinyoni, izinja, amakati. Ngemuva kokudla inhlanzi egulayo, ama-helminths ahlasela umzimba womnikazi wokugcina, okuvame ukuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ezinegama i-clonorchis metacercaria.
Izimuncagazi zithinta kabi izinhlanzi ezibanjelwe. Uba nokungahlaliseki, uthinteke ezifweni zamagciwane, okuholela enqubeni yokubola kokugcina. Ngokusho kwedatha yezibalo, izinga lokufa kwezinhlanzi ezihlobisayo ezitheleleke nge-metarcercariae zingama-50% noma ngaphezulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco metacercaria
I-Metarcercariae ihlala ngaphakathi kwama-vertebrate, inamathiselwe ngokuqinile ngamaswidi, inamathumbu. Ama-microorganisms adla izicubu zomgcini wazo noma okuqukethwe amathumbu akhe. Uma izibungu zingena emigodini yenhlanzi, azondli nhlobo. Umsebenzi wabo ukuthelela izinhlanzi ngesifo ukuze zibhujiswe ngumgcini wazo wokugcina.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-metacercaria
Ngaphakathi kwenhlanzi ephilayo i-metacercariae ye-opisthorchiasis yisikhathi eside. Amandla abo aphakathi nendawo asukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengu-8. Ukungena emzimbeni womgcini wokugcina, ama-parasites abonakala ngokuvuthwa okuphelele, lapho isibungu siba ngamasentimitha angu-0,2 kuya ku-1.3 ubude, size sibe ngamasentimitha angu-0.4 ububanzi.
Uma umuntu esebenza njengomnikazi, izibungu zihlala esinyongeni sakhe, emapayipini e-pancreatic, nasemigodini ye-bile bile. Amaqanda akhiwe ngokuphelele, ama-metacercariae abeka imvelo kanye nendle ekhishiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwe-parasite kwenzeka ngezigaba, kungene i-mollusk iye kumphathi ophakathi. Ngemuva kokungena enhlanzini ye-carp, inqwaba ye-helminths. I-parasite evuthiwe ine-cyst eyisiyingi noma eyindilinga, ngaphakathi lapho kuhlala khona isibungu.
Uma i-metacercariae ikhonjwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi ukulahlwa okungafanele emzimbeni womgcini wokugcina, izifo eziningi ziyacasulwa. Ayinyamalali emzimbeni ngaphandle kokwelashwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-20.
