Mnyama i-cuttlefish - isakhamuzi esimangalisayo ekujuleni kolwandle, sithokozisa umcabango wabantu emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Isibonelo, isithombe esidume ngodeveli wasolwandle noma indela yasolwandle, amatilosi aqamba ngawo izinganekwane ezesabekayo nabasha abasebasha abethuka ngazo, kumane kungamatende ayishumi i-cuttlefish emnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuningiliziwe ngendima nendawo yayo kwezinganekwane zasolwandle kuchazwe esifundweni sika-A.Lehmann "Encyclopedia of Superstitions and Magic".
Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe yiziphi izimfanelo nezimfihlakalo umcabango womuntu owanikeza le ndlovukazi yomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, i-cuttlefish iyisilwane sasolwandle esijwayelekile umuntu angakhohlwa ukusisebenzisela ukudla futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ukutadisha nokucwaninga.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-black cuttlefish
Phakathi kwabadwebi bezolwandle kanye nabathwebuli bezithombe nje abangaphansi kwamanzi kanye nezakhamizi zabo, kubhekwa njengempumelelo enkulu kakhulu yokwenza isithombe se-cuttlefish okwamanje lapho igwinya inyamazane.
Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala lesi silwane sasolwandle sachazwa ngo-1550, ngumcwaningi uKonrad Gesner encwadini yakhe ethi "History of Animals", kanti isilwane esigxishiwe se-cuttlefish efanayo sisagcinwa eCopenhagen Museum of Natural History.
I-Cuttlefish ngama-cephalopods ahlala emanzini ase-Atlantic naseMedithera. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho behlangana khona emanetheni wezinqola zokudoba ezihamba emanzini oLwandlekazi iPacific.
Kukhona nobufakazi bokuba khona kwempilo yasolwandle enjalo kwezinye izilwandle, kufaka phakathi amanzi anezinga eliphansi lokushisa. Kungenzeka ukuthi isayensi esemthethweni maduzane izobuyekeza futhi ikhulise indawo yokuhlala kwabo.
IBlack cuttlefish ikhipha uyinki
Ubukhulu be-cuttlefish, ngokuya kwesayensi, abuxhomekile ezinhlotsheni zabo, futhi buyahlukahluka ebangeni elisukela ku-2-2.5 cm kuye ku-50-70 cm. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezingama-30 zalezi zidalwa ezinhle ziyaziwa, kepha lesi sigaba sincike kakhulu ku umbala ongokwemvelo esilwaneni isikhathi esiningi.
I-Cuttlefish ishintsha umbala wayo ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu kunonwabu. Silele olwandle, lesi silwane sihlangana ngokuphelele naso, sishintsha hhayi umbala waso kuphela, kodwa futhi sithola ama-specks, amabala nemivimbo eyengeziwe elingisa ngokuphelele indawo ezungezile.
Amathente, amaphutha amaningi emilenzeni, empeleni azungeze umlomo, ofana nomlomo wesikhova esikhulu noma upholi, ovela kwizindlala ezingenhla ukukhishwa kwe-cuttlefish ink ngengozi encane.
Ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokuthi "bakhipha amagesi" ngoyinki liyinganekwane futhi. Enhliziyweni yale mibono eyiphutha isimo semicabango yabantu. Ngokombono wobuchopho bethu, kungokwemvelo ukuhambisa ikhanda kuqala, njengoba kwenza cishe zonke izilwane nezinyoni. Kepha lapha ulwandle cuttlefish iya emuva, iyafana nomdlavuza.
Ukubuyela emuva kulokho sepia (uyinki) i-cuttlefish ukukhishwa okwamanje okuyingozi, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukukhululwa kwaleli fu akumniki ukuzifihla nje kuphela, kepha futhi kunika nokushesha ngokushesha, njengokungathi kusikhiphela ngaphandle isilwane.
Izici zokwakheka kwalezi molluscs zifaka phakathi “ithambo le-cuttlefish», Esetshenziswa ngenkuthalo embonini yobucwebe, i-haute cuisine, umuthi nobuciko nobuciko.
Ithambo alilutho nje lwamathambo angaphakathi, noma igobolondo le-cuttlefish, equkethe i-aragonite, ngesimo samapuleti amancane axhumeke ngamabhuloho amaningi aguquguqukayo. Ingxenye yegobolondo igcwele igesi, evumela i-mollusk ukuba ikwazi ukulawula indawo yayo nokuqina kwayo.
Ngokwesilingo, ososayensi banqume ukuthi igobolondo liqhuma lapho licwiliswa ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-700 kuya kwangama-800, bese liqala ukukhubazeka eselivele lisekujuleni kwamamitha angama-200.
Ngaphezu kwamathambo, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lesi silwane sasolwandle sinezinhliziyo ezisebenza ezintathu, futhi igazi laso linombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-hemocyanin, ngendlela efanayo neyomuntu enemibala ebomvu nge-hemoglobin.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-black cuttlefish
Ngokuqondene nemikhuba, imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-cuttlefish, ziyafundwa ngenkuthalo. Ngeshwa, isayensi isilele emuva kakhulu ezinqoleni zokudoba, okwakungeyona inkathi edlule ezazisebenza ngokubamba izimboni zalezi zinhlwathi.
Njengomphumela walowo msebenzi, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-17 kwezingama-30 ezaziwayo zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisogwini lwase-Australia zisengozini yokuqothulwa, kubandakanya nethempeli elimnyama elishumi.
Esithombeni kukhona i-cuttlefish emnyama
Kuyaziwa ngokubukwa ezindaweni zasemanzini ukuthi le mollusk ihlakaniphe ngokweqile futhi inenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Uma othile "ekhubekisile" i-cuttlefish, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka, uma kunethuba elifanele, ithatha impindiselo, futhi ngokungangabazeki iyona, ngaphandle kokulimaza abanye abamele izinhlobo zayo.
Isilinganiso sobuchopho nomzimba sale mollusk sikhulu kakhulu kunaleso senhlanzi ne-squid, futhi ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubuhlakani be-cuttlefish buqhathaniswa nobezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.
Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokubhekwa kwezilwandle zasolwandle kanye nocwaningo olwenziwe eGeorgia Institute olushicilelwe ngo-2010, indlela yokuphila kwezenhlalo i-cuttlefish futhi ingwane ehluke ngokuphelele komunye nomunye, yize ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuthi okuphambene nalokho.
Yize izimvukuzane ziphila impilo yokuzimela zodwa, zinemindeni kanye nemiphakathi ehlelekile ehlangana ndawonye phakathi "nenkathi yokukhwelana", okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yenziwa yisidingo sokuphepha, ngoba ukubambisana emidlalweni yothando kulezi zinhlwathi kunqunywa kanye nempilo ...
Ukudla okunomsoco okumnyama
Manje sekuyimfashini kakhulu ukuzalela izinhlobo ezincane zala ma-mollusk ezindaweni zasemanzini zasekhaya. Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi thenga i-cuttlefish, noma umuhle kunabo bonke, udinga ukuthola ukuthi udlani. Lezi zilwane ziyizilwane ezizingelayo. Azingela noma yini angayibamba ayigwinye - inhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane.
Ngakho-ke, uya esitolo, Kuphi can thenga i-cuttlefish ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Udinga ukuzilungiselela ngokwengqondo ukuthi isikhathi sizofika lapho kungasekho zinhlanzi ezisele kule aquarium, njengeminenke.
I-cuttlefish encane emnyama
Bathanda ukudla la ma-mollusk, futhi ngokusho kokubona, ezimweni ze-aquarium, i-cuttlefish iyakhula futhi ibe nesisindo kukho konke ukuphila kwayo. Isisindo "somhlali" omdala kunazo zonke eGeorgia Institute Oceanarium, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2010, seqa ama-20 kg. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi lesi sici sisacwaningwa, sithathwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-hypothesis.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-black cuttlefish
Ukuhlala wedwa, cishe kanye ngonyaka nohhafu, i-cuttlefish ibuthana emihlambini emikhulu futhi ihlala esizeni ekujuleni okujulile, futhi ingahamba imibuthano kuze kube yilapho endala ikhetha efanelekile kunazo zonke.
Ukukhwelana kwe-cuttlefish emnyama
Ngosuku lokuqala kunokuthile njengokuzinza endaweni entsha, ukuhlola indawo ezungezile futhi, ngokungajwayelekile, ukushintsha imibala. Ama-molluscs abonakala egqoka. Isibonelo, i-cuttlefish emnyama ithatha umbala obomvu nemivimbo yobude obude.
Noma kunjalo, "ingagqoka" ezindaweni ezimhlophe. Ukusuka ngenhla, idolobha lama-clams ngalesi sikhathi libukeka njengokuhlanzwa. Kugcwele izimbali ezingajwayelekile zezithunzi ezingenakwenzeka kakhulu.
Ngosuku lwesibili, imibhangqwana esunguliwe iyatholana, futhi abantu abasha baqala ukukwazi ukukhuthazana nokubhekelana. Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi i-cuttlefish izala kanye empilweni yabo, kepha manje sekuvele kufakazelwe ukuthi lokhu akunjalo.
Kepha imibhangqwana yabo ihlanganisa impilo yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa uthanda kakhulu owesifazane, uhlala emthinta, emgona, kuyilapho bobabili bekhanya ngaphakathi ngokukhanya okubomvana. Isithombe esithandekayo futhi esihle ngokumangalisayo.
Ukukhiqiza kwenziwa ngqo ngokubeka amaqanda. Owesifazane uzibeka zilenga, njengezigaxa zamagilebhisi; umbala omnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubuye ufane namajikijolo, lapho kwenzeka khona ukukhulelwa uqobo.
Amaqanda e-cuttlefish emnyama
Ayazalwa, noma kunalokho aqanduselwe, amawundlu azimele ngokuphelele, anamagumbi ka-inki afuthwe ngokugcwele futhi anazo zonke izinhliziyo ezidingekayo ukuze aphile.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi abantu abadala bayafa ngemuva kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, noma, njengoba ngisho nososayensi kwesinye isikhathi besho, bezala. Ukungabaza kokuqala kulokhu kubekwa kwesayensi kwalethwa ngabasebenzi bochungechunge lwezindawo zokudlela zasolwandle, ngemuva kokuvela kwesizukulwane sama-mollusk ezindaweni zabo zasemanzini, futhi abazali babo babengeke nakancane bafe. Ama-aquariums ayehlobisa, ngakho-ke izilwane zokupheka namathisela ngoyinki we-cuttlefish kubo akuzange kubanjwe.
Kamuva, ukubonwa okufanayo kwaqoshwa eGeorgia Aquarium. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje isikhathi semollusk nezinye izici zokukhiqizwa kwazo kungumbuzo ovulekile, ophikisanayo emhlabeni wesayensi, ongenazo izimpendulo ezicacile nezinembile.
Muva nje, abathandi baseRussia bamazwe omhlaba we-aquarium bakwazile ukuzala ngokusemthethweni lezi zimollusk, ebezingenzeki kuze kube ngu-2012. Njengomthetho, izakhamuzi ezingaba khona ze-aquarium zinobude obungu-5 kuya ku-10 cm futhi azihlaba umxhwele ekuqaleni, zifana nombala wazo i-octopus ebilisiwe.
Izingane ezimnyama ezisikiwe
Noma kunjalo, akufanele unake lokhu, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi imollusk iyashintsha umbala. Futhi ukuba semgodini walezi zinhle zasolwandle kuyisivivinyo sangempela nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Amanani we-cuttlefish ahlukile, ngokwesilinganiso asuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2600 kuya ku-7000. Akufanele ukuthenga ama-pair, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuzwelana kubonakala phakathi kwama-clams amabili athengiswayo.
Ngokuvamile, nakuba okuqukethwe ukulingiswa kwesimo sezulu sasolwandle kuyinkinga impela, kuyaziphendulela, kunikeza ithuba lokuncoma lesi silwane sasolwandle esivelele nsuku zonke, sihluke kakhulu kukho konke okujwayele abantu.
