Izilwane ezinhle kakhulu ezinhle "ezinenwele ezimhlophe" noma amatshe martens Yibo kuphela abakwa-weaseli abangasabi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. Yize izihlobo eziseduze zalezi zilwane ezinelukuluku zingama-sables kanye ne-pine martens, i-squirrel enekhanda elimhlophe ifana nesikwele emikhubeni yayo, ingatholakala kalula emapaki, ezindlini zezindlu, eduze kwemihlambi enezinkukhu.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yamatshe marten
UStart marten uyaphila cishe yonke indawo, indawo yayo yi-Eurasia yonke, futhi e-United States isilwane sikhuliswa ngenhloso, ngenhloso yokuhlela "ukuzingelwa koboya".
Isilwane sizwa sikhulu kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu esipholile, kusuka emakhazeni kuze kube cishe kushisa kakhulu - ama-marten ahlala eCiscaucasia, eCrimea, eBelarus, e-Ukraine njalonjalo. Kepha abantu abaningi kulapho iqhwa lilele khona isikhathi eside, okuyinto lezi zilwane eziyithandayo.
Ngokuvamile, itshe marten esithombeni - futhi ama-telephoto lens awasabeli nganoma iyiphi indlela, akunzima ukuwuthatha. Ukwamukela umuntu ngokuthula, lesi silwane sikwazi ukubamba sidle ukudla okuphonswe ngabantu, isibonelo, amabhola enyama noma isinkwa esigingqiwe. Emapaki aseJalimane, abaphakeli balengiswa ama-martens, ngendlela efanayo neyezikwele.
Abantu abaningi babiza lesi silwane - "itshe likaphayini marten”, Kepha lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele. I-pine marten iyinhlobo ehlukile, kepha ama-marten amatshe akhetha ukuhlala hhayi emahlathini aminyene, kepha ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezihlukile, izihlahlana namasimu, ukugwema izindawo ezimumethe amahlathi aminyene. Uthanda ukuhlala endaweni enamadwala, ebizwa ngegama layo.
Isilwane sinelukuluku lokwazi, inhlalo maqondana nakho konke okusha, okuvame ukonakalisa abamele lolu hlobo. Kulapho, ungayibamba kanjani i-marten yetshe ngesithiyelo noma isicupho, abukho ubunzima.
Awudingi ngisho inyama. Ngesilayidi sebhinoni lesinamoni nge-camphor flavour, i-marten izoya noma yikuphi. Le mpahla yesilwane isetshenziswe abazingeli boboya amakhulu eminyaka.
Izazi zezilwane ziye zabala futhi zaqaphela namuhla izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezine ze-marten yamatshe, zibabhapathiza ngokwezindawo zabo zokuhlala:
- I-European - ihlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasendaweni yaseRussia kuya e-Urals;
- ICrimea - ihlala eCrimea, ihlukile kwabanye hhayi ngombala kuphela, kodwa nakwisakhiwo samazinyo nosayizi wekhanda;
- I-Caucasian - enkulu kunazo zonke futhi engcono kakhulu yokuzalanisa okunenjongo "ngoboya";
- I-Asia Ephakathi - ifudumele kakhulu, "ikhathuni" kakhulu ngaphandle, evame ukugcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo.
Ngokuvamile, ama-marten yizilwane ezincane, ubude bemizimba yazo buqala ku-38 kuye ku-56 cm, ngaphandle komsila, ubude bawo busuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-35. Isisindo sesilwane singu-1 - 2.5 kg.
Okukhulu kunazo zonke - Itshe laseCaucasus marten, enobude obungaphezu kwama-50 cm nesisindo esingu-2 kg, kepha nezilwane ezinjalo ukuze kuthungwe ijazi lesikhumba semvu elincane kakhulu lidinga okuningi.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-marten yamatshe
Itshe lemarten - isilwane sasebusuku esivela endaweni yaso yokuhlala kusihlwa. Abazigebheli imigoqo yabo, bakhetha ukuhlala "ezindlini" ezindala ezilahliwe zezinye izilwane, izakhiwo zabantu noma izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo.
AmaMartens anakekela "ikhaya" lawo, alimboze ngezimpaphe, utshani, uma abantu behlala eduze, ngakho-ke konke abangazuza kukho, ngokwesibonelo, izingcezu zendwangu. Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zemartens zifaka:
- imifantu emadwaleni;
- imigede emincane;
- izinqwaba zamatshe noma amatshe nje;
- ukucwilisa ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla kunamathele emaweni;
- imigodi emidala yezinye izilwane.
Uma abantu bahlala eduze nensimu i-marten eyithatha njengeyayo, lezi zilwane, ngaphandle kokungabaza, zihlala:
- ezitebeleni;
- emashedeni;
- ophahleni lwezindlu;
- esitebeleni;
- ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba;
- ngaphansi kompheme.
Kuchazwa i-stone martenKumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isilwane sikhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni, kepha asithandi ukwenza lokhu, ngakho-ke sisebenzisa imigodi ngokungajwayelekile njengendlu, kuphela uma kungekho lutho olufanele eduzane.
Uhlobo lwe-marten aluyona ilukuluku nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nokukhohlisa okuthile. Isilwane sithanda ukugcona izinja, "isigebenga" ngazo zonke izindlela lapho kuhlala khona abantu, isibonelo, konakalisa ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo noma ukukhuphuka kwamakhethini. Ngakho-ke, itshe marten ekhayaUma akhuliswa njengesilwane sasekhaya, uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ekhejini noma e-aviary.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi isilwane itshe marten - ngakho-ke umhlaseli udla inyama. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela. I-marten iyisilwane esidla umhlanganiso esidla kakhulu kulokho esizingelayo ebusuku.
Njengomthetho, amagundane, amaxoxo, izinyoni, onogwaja abancane baba yisisulu sesilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-marten ithanda amajikijolo, izithelo, izimpande zemifino namaqanda. Ngisho ne-marten eyondlekile ngeke idlule esidlekeni senyoni esinamaqanda, futhi uma kunesihlahla esinama-apricot eduze kwaso, isilwane sikhohlwa ukuthi asithandi ukugibela phezu kwaso.
Phambilini, lezi zilwane zazibanjwa ngokukhethekile endaweni yaseNyakatho Jalimane naseNorway. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amatshe marten ukudoba yenziwa hhayi ngenhloso yokuthola uboya, kodwa ngenhloso yokuhlalisa isilwane esibayeni.
I-Stone marten preys kumagundane amancane
I-marten ngokushesha iphendula ukuqhuma, ukunyakaza okunesiphithiphithi, nokunye okunjalo. Lokhu kumenza abe umbambi wegundane ophelele, ngubani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izokuzingela inqobo nje uma inyamazane "igqokwa" nxazonke, noma ngabe iyadingeka yini ekudleni noma cha. Ikhwalithi efanayo ibeka izindlu zezinkukhu engcupheni enkulu. Ukuphonsa izinkukhu nezinye izinyoni ngokushesha kwenza isilwane siqale ukuzingela.
Kepha amaMarten ngqo adla okuncane kakhulu, adinga kuphela amagremu angama-300-400 wokudla kwesilwane. Endle, isilwane singadla kahle i-gopher eyodwa noma i-pair of amane, noma i-Partridge futhi yilokho kuphela.
AmaMartens ahlala emapaki nasezindlini "adliwe", kepha hhayi kakhulu. Itshe lasebusika marten uyathanda ukukhipha imbewu ezigibeni, awukho umehluko oyisisekelo wokuthi ngabe izihlahla zespruce, zikaphayini noma zomsedari. Ngenxa yesigaxa, izilwane azigcini nje ngokukhuphuka ezihlahleni, kepha futhi zikhasa ziphuma ezindaweni zazo zokucasha ngaphambi kokufika kwelanga.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo kwamatshe marten
I-marten yamatshe iyindawo enesizungu enendawo yayo, okwenza "ukuchezuka" kwayo nokumaka imingcele ngenkuthalo. Izilwane azithandi abamele izinhlobo zazo, ngaphandle "kwesikhathi sokukhwelana".
Le nqubo kuma-weasel inelukuluku lokwazi. Lo mbhangqwana "ujwayelene" ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha, ngokumangazayo, owesilisa akakhombisi ukusebenza. Insikazi iyakwazi ukufeza ukukhwelana ngqo kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekwindla.
Esithombeni, i-baby marten yamatshe
Kulokhu, kwenzeka into emangazayo - "ukulondolozwa" kwesidoda. Okungukuthi, ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ingadlula ngaphandle kwesimo "esibucayi" izinyanga ezifika kweziyisishiyagalombili, kanti ukukhulelwa uqobo ema-martens kuthatha inyanga eyodwa kuphela.
Njengomthetho, izingane ezingama-2-4 zizalwa ngasikhathi sinye, zizalwa zinqunu futhi zingaboni, zivula amehlo azo kuphela inyanga emva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi sokuncelisa ubisi sithatha izinyanga ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-2,5. Futhi izingane zikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezi-4-5 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Ingozi enkulu ekusindeni kwama-martens amancane yisikhathi lapho bephuma kuqala bayohlola indawo ezungezile. Abaningi baba yizisulu zezitha zemvelo zikamadevu - izimpungushe, izimpungushe ezibandayo nezikhova.
AmaMartens ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba yishumi, kepha ekuthunjweni le nkathi inyuka kakhulu. Kuma-zoo emhlabeni jikelele, kuyaqabukela ukubhekana nokufa kwe-mustelid engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.
Noma, itshe marten yaziswa ngenxa yayo izikhumba, lezi zilwane azikaze zibekwe phambili ekuhwebeni ngoboya noma, namuhla, ezimbonini zoboya.
Lokhu kuvumele ama-kunim ukuthi angabi sengozini yokuqothulwa. Futhi ilukuluku lezilwane kanye nezici zazo kuvumela ukuthi ziphile ngokumangalisayo emapaki amadolobha, amabhande asehlathini nakwezinye izindawo ezakhiwe ngumuntu.
