Izilwane ze-Arctic enokhahlo
I-Arctic enokhahlo engapheli idlulela ngale kwe-Arctic Circle. Leli izwe lezingwadule ezineqhwa, imimoya ebandayo kanye neqhwa. Imvula ayivamile lapha, futhi imisebe yelanga ayingeni ebumnyameni bobusuku obusezindaweni eziphakeme izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Iziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Arctic? Akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lokuzivumelanisa nezimo izinto eziphilayo ezikhona lapho okumele zibe nazo, ziphoqeleke ukuchitha ubusika obunzima phakathi kweqhwa neqhwa elishisa kakhulu ngamakhaza.
Kodwa, naphezu kwezimo ezinzima, cishe kulezi zinhlobo izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zihlala kulezi zingxenye izilwane ze-arctic (kuvuliwe isithombe ungaqiniseka ngokuhluka kwabo). Ebumnyameni obungapheli, obukhanyiswe kuphela ngamalambu asenyakatho, kufanele baphile futhi bathole ukudla kwabo, balwa ngehora nobukhona babo.
Izidalwa ezinezimpaphe zinesikhathi esilula ezimweni ezimbi ngokweqile ezishiwo. Ngenxa yezici zabo zemvelo, banamathuba amaningi okusinda. Kungakho izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kwekhulu zihlala ezweni lasenyakatho elinonya.
Iningi labo lifuduka, lishiya umhlaba ongapheli ongenazibonakaliso lapho kuqala izimpawu zobusika obunzima obusondela. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku zasentwasahlobo, bayabuya bazosebenzisa izipho zemvelo ye-arctic.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, kunokudla okwanele ngemuva kwe-Arctic Circle, nokukhanyisa ubusuku nemini - umphumela wenyanga ende, eyisithupha, usuku lwe-polar luyasiza izilwane nezinyoni zase-Arctic zitholele ukudla okudingayo.
Ngisho nasehlobo, izinga lokushisa kule ndawo alikhuphuki kangangoba amaketanga eqhwa neqhwa awela isikhashana enza ukuthi kube lula ukuthatha ikhefu ebunzimeni kulo mbuso osibekelwe yiqhwa, ngaphandle kwesikhathi esifushane, inyanga nohhafu, kungabe kusaba khona. Kuphela ihlobo elipholile nemisinga ye-Atlantic eletha imfudumalo kule ndawo, amanzi afudumele eningizimu-ntshonalanga, efile ngenxa yokubusa kweqhwa.
Esithombeni, izilwane zase-Arctic
Kodwa-ke, imvelo inakekele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kugcinwe ukushisa, ukungabikho kwayo kuzwakala ngisho nasehlobo elifushane, kanye nomnotho wayo ofanele ezintweni eziphilayo: izilwane zinoboya obude obukhulu, izinyoni - izimpaphe ezifanele isimo sezulu.
Iningi lazo linongqimba olujiyile lwamafutha angaphansi okudingeka kakhulu. Eziningi zezilwane ezinkulu, isisindo esihlaba umxhwele sisiza ukukhiqiza isilinganiso esifanele sokushisa.
Abanye babameli bezilwane eziseNyakatho Ekude bahlukaniswa ngezindlebe nemilenze yabo emincane, ngoba isakhiwo esinjalo senza ukuthi bangabi yiqhwa, okusiza kakhulu impilo yezilwane e-Arctic.
Futhi izinyoni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zinemilomo emincane. Umbala wezidalwa endaweni echaziwe uvame ukuba mhlophe noma ulula, okusiza nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuzivumelanisa nokungabonakali eqhweni.
Kunjalo umhlaba wezilwane wase-Arctic... Kuyamangaza ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezisenyakatho, emzabalazweni nobunzima besimo sezulu esibi nezimo ezingezinhle, ziyasebenzisana, ezisiza kakhulu ukunqoba ubunzima ngokuhlanganyela futhi zigweme izingozi. Futhi izakhiwo ezinjalo zezinto eziphilayo zingobunye ubufakazi bedivayisi ehlakaniphile yemvelo enezici eziningi.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Incazelo yezilwane ezise-Arctic kufanele uqale ngalesi sidalwa - ummeleli ogqamile wezilwane eziseNyakatho Ekude. Kuyisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu, sesibili ngosayizi phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emhlabeni, uphawu lwendlovu kuphela.
Abesilisa balesi sihlobo esiseduze samabhere ansundu kwezinye izimo bafinyelela kubunzima obufinyelela kuma-440 kg. Bayizilwane eziyingozi, abesabi isithwathwa ngenxa yokuba khona kwengubo yoboya enhle kakhulu, emhlophe ebusika nephuzi ezinyangeni zasehlobo.
Zibhukuda kahle, azisheleli eqhweni ngenxa yoboya ematheni, futhi ziyazulazula, zikhukhuleka ezintabeni zeqhwa. Amabhere asePolar abe ngamaqhawe ezinganekwane eziningi ezinhle Izilwane zase-Arctic zezingane.
I-Reindeer
Umhlali ovame kakhulu we-tundra embozwe yiqhwa. Kukhona izinyamazane zasendle, kepha ezinye zazo zifuywe ngabantu basenyakatho. Ubude becala labo bucishe bube ngamamitha amabili, kanti ukuphakama ekubuneni kungaphezudlwana kwemitha.
Ama-reindeer ambozwe ngoboya, obushintsha umbala wawo ube mpunga ube nsundu, kuye ngesizini. Banezimpondo ezinamagatsha, futhi amehlo abo akhanya aphuzi ebumnyameni bobusuku be-polar. UReindeer ungelinye iqhawe lezinganekwane ezidumile ngezilwane zase-Arctic.
I-reindeer esithombeni
Ipartridge emhlophe
Ama-partridges azama ukuhlala eduze kwemihlambi yezinyamazane. Yile ndlela lezi zinyoni ezikuthola ngayo ukudla. Izinyamazane ezidabula iqhwa ngezinselo zazo zifuna ubulembu, zikhulula inhlabathi kusembozo seqhwa, ngenkathi zivula ukufinyelela kokudla komakhelwane bazo.
Ipartridge yasenyakatho yinyoni edumile, ubuhle bangempela esifundeni se-permafrost. Phakathi nesikhathi seqhwa elibi, cishe kumhlophe qhwa ngokuphelele, futhi umsila kuphela ohlukaniswa ngombala omnyama.
Kuthwetshulwe iptarmigan
Uphawu
Isilwane esincelisayo, esingaphansi kwamamitha amabili ubude futhi sinesisindo esifinyelela kuma-65 kg. Izidalwa ezinjalo zihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle, lapho kunezinhlanzi ezanele khona, ezivame ukudla kuzo.
Lezi ziningi kakhulu izilwane ze-arcticabakhetha ukuhlala bodwa futhi imvamisa abashiyi amakhaya abo. Bamba izindawo zabo zokulala ezibanzi kusuka eqhweni nasezihambeleni ezingamenyiwe khona kanye ebunzimeni beqhwa, benza izimbobo ngaphandle ukuze bakwazi ukuphunyula nokuphefumula. Izimpawu zezingane, zimbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe, zizalwa ezintabeni zeqhwa.
Ingwe yasolwandle
Isidalwa esinolaka se-arctic somndeni wezinsimbi. Ithanda ukuba wedwa, yingakho izimpawu zezingwe zibonakala zimbalwa ngenani. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inani labo lilinganiselwa kubantu abayisigamu sesigidi.
Isilwane sinomzimba ofana nenyoka, sinamazinyo abukhali, kepha sibukeka sinomusa, yize ngaphandle sihluke kakhulu kubamele umndeni waso.
Esithombeni sengwe yesithombe
UWalrus
Isakhamuzi esikhulu kunazo zonke se-Arctic, esinobukhulu obungaphezu kwamamitha ama-5 futhi sifinyelela isisindo cishe samathani ayisithupha nengxenye. Ama-Walrus ngokwemvelo anezinhlamvu ezihlaba umxhwele ezicishe zibe imitha ubude, ngawo akwazi ukuxosha ngisho nomzingeli oyingozi kakhulu - ibhere le-polar, elikhetha ukungazidli nesilwane esinjalo, kuyaqabukela libonise isithakazelo kulo.
AmaWalrus anokhakhayi oluqinile nomgogodla, isikhumba esijiyile. Ngosizo lwamazinyo abo abukhali, bagqashula inhlabathi enodaka olwandle, bathola lapho izimbaza - okuyisibiliboco sabo esikhulu. Lesi yisidalwa esimangalisayo, njengabaningi izilwane ze-arctic, phakathi Incwadi Ebomvu kubhalwe njengokungajwayelekile.
Impisi yasolwandle
Itholakala kuwo wonke amakhona e-North North, kepha ihlala emhlabeni kuphela, incamela ukungaphumi eqhweni. Ngaphandle, lesi silwane sibukeka njengenja enkulu (enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-77) inja enamaqabunga abukhali enomsila oxegayo, ovame ukwehla.
Umbala woboya obukhulu obukhulu bezingqimba ezimbili bulula. Izimpisi zasePolar zisebenzisa omnivorous futhi ziyakwazi ukudla cishe zonke izinhlobo zokudla, kepha zingaphila ngaphandle kokudla isonto lonke.
Impisi yasolwandle
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Ubhekwa njengomfowabo omhlophe, kepha unomzimba ovulekile, isakhiwo esingesihle ngokwengeziwe; imilenze eqinile, eminyene, kodwa emifushane nezinyawo ezibanzi, imsiza lapho ehamba eqhweni futhi ebhukuda.
Izembatho zebhere elimhlophe zinde noboya obude, obukhulu nobushubile, obunombala ophuzi obisi, kwesinye isikhathi buba mhlophe qhwa. Isisindo salo singamakhilogremu angamakhulu ayisikhombisa.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Inkabi yeMusk
Izilwane zihlala e-Arctic enezimpande zasendulo kakhulu. Ngisho nendoda endala yazingela izinkabi ze-musk, futhi amathambo, izimpondo, izikhumba nenyama yalezi zilwane kwaba usizo olukhulu kokhokho babantu banamuhla ebunzimeni babo.
Abesilisa bangaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-650 kg. Abamele abakhulu balolu hlobo bahlala entshonalanga yeGreenland. Izinselo eziyindilinga ezihehayo zisiza izinkabi ze-musk ukuhamba emadwaleni naseqhweni, ukuthola iqhwa elijiyile lapho lifuna ukudla.
Futhi kulokhu basizwa ngephunga elimangalisayo. Abantu besilisa bahlotshiswe ngezimpondo. Isikhali esinamandla kangaka siyabasiza ukuthi bazivikele emabhere, izimpisi nezimpisi.
Izimvu ezinkulu
Ihlala eChukotka, inokwakhiwa okuqinile, izimpondo ezihlaba umxhwele, izinwele ezinsundu ezinsundu ngoku nsundu, ikhanda elihlaba umxhwele nesifonyo esifushane. Lezi zidalwa zihlala ezintabeni eziphakathi nendawo ezindaweni ezinamagquma ngamaqembu amancane anamalungu afinyelela kwayisihlanu.
Ngenxa yokushoda kokudla ebusika namandla aphansi okuzala, kanye nomonakalo odalwe amathimba okwalusa izinyamazane, izimvu ezinkulu zaziseduze nokubhujiswa.
Okufanekisiwe yimvu enkulu
Unogwaja wase-Arctic
Le yi-polar hare, ehlukile kozakwabo ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Ngaphandle, ibukeka njengonogwaja, futhi izindlebe ezinde kuphela ziyisici esihlukile. Unogwaja wase-Arctic uhlala esiqhingini saseGreenland nasenyakatho yeCanada. Izilwane zikwazi ukusheshisa zifike kuma-65 km / h.
Ermine
Kusatshalaliswe ezifundeni eziningi, kufaka phakathi umhlali we-taiga ne-tundra. Yisilwane esincanyana, esidlayo, esidlayo esinomzimba ohlangene nomsila obushubile.
Idla ngokudla kwesilwane. Ihlasela isisulu ngesibindi, ikudlulele ngosayizi, iyakwazi ukudoba ngempumelelo. I-ermine ayimbi imigodi, kepha ibheka izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo okuzohlalwa kuzo.
Impungushe yase-Arctic
Isidalwa esingumndeni we-canine. Ikhonkotha njengenja, inomsila omude, nezinwele zivikela izidladla zayo. Ukukhuthazela kwakhe kunenkinga yokuchaza, ngoba uyakwazi ukubekezelela amakhaza angama-degree angama-50, aphunyuke kuma-labyrinths ayinkimbinkimbi ambiwe eqhweni lapho kuphuma khona abaningi.
Ukudla kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi zidla inyama yamagundane nezinye izilwane ezincane, hhayi ukudelela izidumbu. Ehlobo, bagcwalisa umzimba ngezinqolobane zemithi, ulwelwe namajikijolo.
Impungushe ye-Arctic esithombeni
Ukulimaza
Ummeleli omncane womndeni wamagundane ohlala eziqhingini ze-Arctic Ocean. Umzimba we-lemming umbozwe ngoboya obuhlukahlukene, onsundu ngokumpunga noma mpunga. Inezindlebe ezimfushane nomsila, futhi ubude bayo ngokuvamile abudluli ku-15 cm.
Esithombeni, isilwane esilimazayo
I-Wolverine
Ilungu elidlayo lomndeni weasel, wanikezwa igama lesidlaliso sedimoni lasenyakatho, umzingeli onolaka onesifiso esinonya.
Kukhona ukuhlaselwa kwezidalwa ezinjalo emfuyweni nakubantu, lapho izilwane, zona, zahlupheka khona, zabhujiswa kakhulu. Kepha ehlobo, ama-wolverine ajabulela ukudla izithelo, amantongomane namaqanda ezinyoni.
UNarwhal
Lona umkhomo noma ihlengethwa elikhulu lase-Arctic, elifinyelela ebangeni elingaba ngamamitha ayisithupha, elibizwa nangokuthi i-sea unicorn, ngoba abesilisa banombobo omude oqondile.
Kutholwe ngasogwini lwaseGreenland nase-Alaska, kanye nasemanzini asenyakatho eCanada. Inombala onsundu onsundu. Umzimba wenarwhal unesimo esihlelekile sokubhukuda.
I-Narwhal (i-Sea Unicorn)
Umkhomo we-Bowhead
Inkulu kakhulu kune-narwhal, yize ibhekwa njengesihlobo sayo esiseduzane. I-whalebone nolimi oluhlaba umxhwele luyinika ikhono lokumunca iplankton eqina emapuletini ayo, yize lesi silwane singenawo amazinyo.
Lesi yisidalwa esidala esingenabungozi esihlale emanzini abandayo izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Izidalwa zibhekwa ngokufanele njengabamele abakhulu kakhulu bezilwane zomhlaba, isisindo sabo kwezinye izimo sifinyelela cishe amathani angama-200. Bafuduka phakathi kwezilwandle zezigxobo ezimbili ezibandayo zeplanethi.
Esikhathini sesithombe se-bowhead whale
Umbulali whale
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala njalo emanzini abandayo. Umkhomo omnyama nomhlophe obulalayo ungowe-cetacean oda. Ihlala kakhulu ekujuleni okukhulu, kepha ivame ukubhukuda iye ogwini. Lapho ushayela, iyakwazi ukwenza isivinini serekhodi. Lesi yisilwane sasemanzini esiyingozi, esibizwa ngegama elithi "killer whale".
I-Polar cod
Inhlanzi ingeyesigaba sezidalwa ezincane ezihlala endaweni enamanzi oLwandlekazi i-Arctic. Ichitha impilo yayo kukholamu yamanzi abandayo, i-polar cod ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Lezi zidalwa zasemanzini zidla i-plankton, enomphumela omuhle kubhalansi yemvelo. Ngokwazo zisebenza njengomthombo wokudla wezinyoni ezahlukahlukene zasenyakatho, izimvu zamanzi nezilwane zasendle.
Izinhlanzi ze-polar cod
UHaddock
Izinhlanzi zikhulu ngokwanele (kufika ku-70 cm). Imvamisa iba nesisindo esingaba ngamabili, kepha kuyenzeka ifike ku-19 kg. Umzimba walesi silwane sasemanzini ubanzi, uyisicaba kusuka ezinhlangothini, ngemuva kunempunga emnyama, kanti isisu sinobisi. Umugqa omnyama wesici ugijima ngokuvundlile emzimbeni. Izinhlanzi zihlala ezikoleni futhi ziyimpahla ebalulekile yokuhweba.
Izinhlanzi zeHaddock
Belukha
Igcwalisa kahle umhlaba ocebile woLwandle i-Arctic, obizwa ngehlengethwa yasendaweni. Ubude besilwane sasemanzini cishe ngamamitha ayisithupha, isisindo singafinyelela amathani amabili noma ngaphezulu. Isilwane esidla ezinye esinamazinyo abukhali.
Esithombeni beluga
I-Arctic cyanea
Inegama elihlukile: umhlwenga wengonyama, othathwa njenge-jellyfish enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasemanzini zeplanethi. Isambulela salo sifinyelela kububanzi obufinyelela kumamitha amabili, kanti amatende alo abude bube uhhafu wemitha.
Impilo kaCyanea ayihlali isikhathi eside, inkathi eyodwa kuphela yehlobo. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, lezi zidalwa ziyafa, kuthi entwasahlobo kuvele abantu abasha, abakhula ngokushesha. UCyanea udla izinhlanzi ezincane ne-zooplankton.
ICyaneus jellyfish
Isikhova esimhlophe
Ihlukaniswa njengenyoni engajwayelekile. Izinyoni zingatholakala kuwo wonke ama-tundra. Zinezimpaphe ezinhle ezimhlophe njengeqhwa, futhi uqhwaku lwazo lumbozwe ngamabhinca amancane ukuze zifudumale.
Isikhova esimhlophe sinezitha eziningi, futhi izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye. Zondla ngamagundane - ababhubhisi bezidleke abahlale bekhona, okuwusizo kakhulu kwezinye izakhamuzi ezinamaphiko.
Isikhova esimhlophe
Guillemot
Izinyoni zasolwandle zaseNyakatho Ekude zihlela amakoloni amakhulu, abizwa nangokuthi amakoloni ezinyoni. Ngokuvamile zitholakala emadwaleni olwandle. AmaGuillemots ajwayelekile njalo kula makoloni.
Babeka iqanda elilodwa, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eliluhlaza okombala. Futhi batshala umcebo wabo, bengashiyi umzuzu. Emazweni e-frost eqolo, lokhu kuyisidingo esibi kakhulu. Futhi amaqanda, afudunyezwe kahle avela phezulu ngumzimba wezinyoni, ahlala ebanda ngokuphelele avela ngezansi.
Esithombeni se-bird guillemot
U-Eider
Itholakala kuzo zonke izindawo ze-Arctic, izidleke eziseduze nogu lwaseBaltic nasenyakatho neNgilandi, ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo indizela eningizimu iye emizimbeni yamanzi engabandisi etholakala enkabeni ye-Europe.
Ama-Eider avikela inzalo yawo emakhazeni, ngokukhethekile akhiphe umbala wawo obomvu-mpunga phansi, ahlanganise izidleke zawo. Lezi zinyoni zasemanzini zichitha cishe impilo yazo yonke emanzini olwandle, zondla iminenke, izinhlwathi nezimbaza.
Esithombeni kukhona umgibeli wezinyoni
Ihansi polar
Le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi ihansi elimhlophe ngezimpaphe zalo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe njengeqhwa, futhi kuphela izeluleko zamaphiko ezinyoni ezigqama ngemigqa emnyama. Zinesisindo esingaba ngu-5 kg, kanti izidleke zazo, njenge-eider, zigcwele ezazo phansi.
Lezi zakhamizi ezisogwini lwe-Arctic zibalekela amakhaza abulalayo asebusika be-polar, endiza ngaseningizimu. Lolu hlobo lwamahansi asendle lubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile.
Polar ihansi elimhlophe
Ingwengwezi yePolar
Inezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezimpunga, amaphiko amnyama kancane, uqhwaku luhlaza okotshani, izidladla zibomvana ngokukhanyayo. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-polar gull izinhlanzi, kepha lezi zinyoni zidla nezimvu nezamaqanda ezinye izinyoni. Bahlala cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
I-seagull yaseRose
Inyoni entekenteke, enhle, eguqulelwe ukuhlala ezifundeni ezinzima zase-Arctic, imvamisa ayidluli ngosayizi wama-35 cm.Imuva le-rose gull nengxenye ephezulu yezimpaphe zamaphiko zinombala ompunga ngokumpunga. Kuzala ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula esenyakatho. Kwaba yinto yokuzingela okungavinjelwe ngenxa yomthunzi wokuqala wezimpaphe.
Ama-arctic tern
Le nyoni idume ngobubanzi bayo (obufinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30) nobude bayo (cishe izinyanga ezine) zezindiza, ichitha ubusika e-Antarctica. Lezi zinyoni zindiza zenyakatho ziye e-Arctic ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zakha amakoloni amakhulu okuzalela.
Izici ezihlukile ngumsila omise imfoloko kanye nesigqoko esimnyama ekhanda. Ama-Tern abonakala ngokuqapha nangolaka. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila singaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Ama-arctic tern
I-Loon
Inyoni yasolwandle yase-Arctic, ehlala ikakhulukazi izinyoni zasemanzini. I-loon ichitha isikhathi eNyakatho Ekude ikakhulukazi kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, iyinyoni efudukayo. Inobukhulu bedada elikhulu, iyacwila futhi ibhukude kahle, futhi ngezikhathi zengozi igxilisa umzimba wayo emanzini, kusala ikhanda elilodwa kuphela ngaphandle.
Okufanekisiwe yinyoni ye-loon
Ihansi elimnyama
Ohlotsheni, amahansi angummeleli omncane kunabo bonke, otholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ze-tundra. Izimpiko zayo nangemuva kwayo kunombala onsundu onsundu; "ikhola" emhlophe ivelele entanyeni emnyama. Izinyoni zidla ulwelwe, ubulembu notshani.
Ihansi elimnyama
