Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo intulo
Intulo - lokhu izilwane zasemanzini, abantu ababekwesaba ezikhathini zasendulo. Babhala izinganekwane ngaye, futhi bathi ngamakhono angaqondakali. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yobuthi bayo nombala ongajwayelekile. Uma uhumusha igama lakhe lisuka olimini lwamaPheresiya, kuzovela - "kuvutha ngaphakathi."
Intulo Bukela ku isigaba sezilwane ama-amphibians, yize ebukeka njengesibankwa, akufanele adideke. Lezi zokugcina ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo. Umzimba walo mmeli wama-amphibians uhlanganisiwe, futhi udlula kahle emsileni. Osayizi basukela ku-5-180 cm. Isikhumba sinomswakama futhi sibushelelezi ekuthinteni.
Isikimu sombala lapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zidwetshwe khona abathandayo, cishe ayinamkhawulo, kungabonakala kusethi isithombe lezi izilwane... I-amphibian ingaba mnyama, iphuzi, umnqumo, obomvu neminye imibala. Futhi umhlane wakhe uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo, amachashazi nezinkomba zezimo ezahlukahlukene nemibala.
AmaSalamanders anemilenze emifushane futhi egcwele umzimba. Emilenzeni yangaphambili kuneminwe emi-4, nasemilenzeni yangemuva - 5. Izinzipho azikho. Ekhanda eliyisicaba kuqubuka, amehlo amnyama anamajwabu amehlo athuthukile.
Kukhona nezindlala ezikhethekile (i-parotitis), okuyizimpawu zawo wonke ama-amphibian. Bese beveza imfihlo enobuthi edala ukudlikizela nokukhubazeka ezilwaneni ezizama ukuzidla. Lezi zinto eziphila nasemanzini zinezinto ezimangalisayo: ziyakwazi ukukhulisa izitho noma umsila wazo olahlekile. Enkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, leli qembu lahlukaniswa laba ngamaphaphu, ubusika kanye nama-salamanders wangempela.
Banesistimu yokuphefumula ehlukile. Amaphaphu aphefumula ngesikhumba nangomlomo womlomo. Ama-Gill asebenzisa ama-gill, kanti lawa anamaphaphu agcwele. AmaSalamanders ahlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe, anesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama esifanele wona. Kodwa izinhlobo zazo ezinkulu kakhulu zitholakala eNyakatho Melika.
Izinhlobo ze-Salamander
Chaza zonke izinhlobo zayo isilwane akunakwenzeka endatshaneni eyodwa, ngakho-ke, abamele abangajwayelekile kakhulu beqembu bethulwe ngezansi abathandayo... I-amphibian enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yi-salamander enkulu yaseChina. Ungahlangana naye kuphela emanzini aleli zwe. Ifinyelela ku-180 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingaphezu kwama-70 kg.
Okufanekisiwe kuyinto intulo enkulu yaseChina
Indlela engajwayelekile yokuzingela izinhlobo ezilandelayo - intulo yaseLusitanian. Yena, njengexoxo, ubamba inyamazane ngolimi lwakhe. Umbala womzimba wakhe umnyama, unemivimbo emibili emincane yegolide egudla ugu. Uhlala eSpain nasePortugal.
Intulo yaseLusitania esithombeni
I-Alpine salamander ihlala phezulu ezintabeni, ihlala phakathi kwamatshe, eduze nemifula yezintaba. Isihlengezi sesihlahla sikhasa ngobunyoninco ngeziqu, sigxume kahle emagatsheni bese sikhala kakhulu. Umbala wakhe ufihlekile: umthunzi okhanyayo noma omnyama onsundu. Uhlala eMexico nasezweni laseCalifornia.
Intulo ye-Alpine
Intulo yasentwasahlobo ekhiqiza kakhulu ihlala e-USA naseCanada. Angabeka amaqanda angaphezu kuka-130 ngasikhathi sinye, kulula ukumbona ngombala wakhe obomvu onamabala amancane amnyama.
Intulo yasentwasahlobo
Okudume kakhulu kwe- abathandayo - lokhu umlilo... Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ungumpetha wokuphila konke eqenjini lakhe - iminyaka engama-50. Unombala ogqamile: omnyama nowolintshi. Ugwema amanzi, futhi wehlela kuye kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Vuliwe isithombe uyabubona bonke ubuhle intulo yomlilo.
Esithombeni kunentulo yomlilo
E-Carpathians, kungenzeka ukuthola ummeleli onobuthi kakhulu kuleli qembu - i-Alpine black newt. Lezi zintokazi eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zihlala emaqenjini ezihosha zamadwala nasemahlathini aswakeme. Ubuthi babo budala ukusha okukhulu ezinhlakeni zomuntu ebantwini.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yentulo
AmaSalamanders, yize ebodwa, ahlangana ngamaqembu ngaphambi kokulala, ngo-Okthoba. Ukuze baphile ndawonye lesi sikhathi esingesihle kubo emhlabeni, ngezinqwaba zamaqabunga awile. Zizingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku, emini zicasha ezikhoselweni kusuka emisebeni eqondile yelanga. Njengomthetho, kufanele kube khona amanzi amaningi eduze kwendawo yabo yokuhlala.
Zidlula inyamazane ngejezi elibukhali, bese ziyimboza ngemizimba yazo. Ngemuva komzabalazo omfishane, isisulu sigwinywa siphelele. Izitha zemvelo abathandayo okuningi okufanele kusindiswe, isilwane ishiya umsila noma izitho zayo kuzipho nakumazinyo, bese ibaleka ngokushesha.
Yize la ma-amphibian futhi enobuthi, kepha imfihlo yawo ayibangeli ukulimala okufa kubantu. Kungadala ukucasuka ezandleni kuphela, futhi uma kufinyelela kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, kushisa umlomo noma amehlo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthinta i-amphibian, kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ukuze ungazilimazi ngokunganaki.
Namuhla abantu abaningi bafuna ukugcina le nganekwane yasemanzini ekhaya. Thenga umlilo intulo ongakwenza ezinkulisa ezikhethekile noma ezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo. Bazodinga i-terrarium enkulu enezingqimba ukuze baphile. Inhlanganisela yamaqabunga, i-sphagnum ne-peat imvamisa ithelwa ezansi kwayo. Kuhlelwe idamu elincane ngaphakathi. Ukukhanya kufanele kube kufiphele, futhi izinga lokushisa akufanele leqe ama-degree angama-25.
Ukudla kwesalamander
Ukudla kwentelezi kuncike kakhulu endaweni ehlala kuyo. Ama-Amphibians aphila ngokuzingela komhlaba ngezicabucabu, ama-cicadas, izimvemvane, ama-slugs nezikelemu zomhlaba. Abamele abakhulu bangahlasela ixoxo noma i-newt encane. AmaSalamanders ahlala emanzini athanda ukudoba, ama-crayfish, izinkalankala, ama-molluscs kanye nama-amphibians.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sentulo
Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-salamanders aphila cishe iminyaka engama-20, ubude bawo buya ngosayizi wezinhlobo ezithile. Izinhlobo ezincane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho zineminyaka emithathu, kanti ezinkulu zineminyaka engu-5. Ama-gibers afihlekile abekela amaqanda, futhi ama-salamanders wangempela yi-viviparous noma i-ovoviviparous.
Ama-Amphibian azala unyaka wonke, kepha inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi liyabonakala entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuphuma ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, indlala yesilisa iyagcwala, igcwale ama-spermatophores. Bayibeka ngqo emhlabathini, kanti owesifazane ubamba le nto nge-cloaca. Emvelweni wasemanzini, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngokuhlukile: owesilisa ukhipha isidoda ngqo kumaqanda abekiwe.
Ekukhuleni kwezibungu ezivuthayo kuhlala izinyanga eziyi-10-12 esibelethweni. Kepha emaqandeni angama-60, kuzalwa amawundlu ama-2 kuphela, amanye amaqanda angukudla kwabo kuphela. Izibungu zasemanzini eziqubuka emanzini ziyaqhekeka ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Futhi bazalwa benama-gill asevele enziwe.
Intulo emfushane inamathisela amaqanda ayo ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Iziphungumangathi zivela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kuthi ngemuva kwezingu-3 ngaphezulu, abantu abasha bafike ogwini baqale impilo yokuzimela.
Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zibhalwe emakhasini eRed Book, futhi zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Abantu benza imizamo eminingi yokulondoloza lezi zinhlobo: bakha izindawo ezikhethekile zokugcina izindawo.
