Wonke umuntu uyazi ihansi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, noma imuphi umuntu unombono wokuthi ihansi libukeka kanjani, ngenxa yezinganekwane nezingoma. Kwanele ukukhumbula "amahansi amabili athokozile ayehlala nogogo". Kepha umuntu ongahlobene ne-ornithology cishe ngeke akwazi ukuphendula ngokuthi ungubani ama-sukhonos.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Sukhonos - ilungu elikhulu lomndeni wedada. Ukubukeka kwethambo elinekhala elomile kufana nehansi elijwayelekile lasekhaya, kepha kusekhona umehluko: intambo ende ethe xaxa nomlomo omnyama osindayo, onqunyelwe umugqa omhlophe phansi. Uqhwaku, uma luqhathaniswa namanye ama-Anseriformes, lukhulu ngokubonakalayo, kumahansi amaningi lufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10.Umlomo wesilisa ubonakala uvuvukile kancane.
Isisindo saleli ihansi lasendle lingu-3-4.5 kg, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-1 m, amaphiko angama-1.5-1.8 m. Izimpaphe zempumulo eyomile ziyefana nezihlobo zaso ezimpunga ezifuywayo, okunombala ompunga nombala onsundu.
Izindwangu zangaphansi, uppertail nesisu zimhlophe qwa; ingemuva, izinhlangothi nezimpiko kumnyama mpunga ngemigqa emincane yokukhanya eguqukayo. Isifuba nentamo kuyizinsikazi, kusukela phansi entanyeni kuze kube semlonyeni kunomugqa obanzi onsundu ngaphezulu, izimpaphe ezingaphansi komlomo zinombala ofanayo.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bomlomo owomile banemibala efanayo, kodwa izinyoni ezincane zingahlukaniswa kubantu abadala - izinyoni ezincane azinawo umngcele omhlophe ozungeze uqhwaku. Njengelungu leqiniso lomndeni wedada, owanyayo unemilenze eqinile, enemisipha enezinyawo ezine-webbed.
Zidwetshwe ngombala wewolintshi ohlakaniphile. Uzwele lokho isithombe sekhala elomile ayikwazi ukudlulisa ukuzikhukhumeza lapho ihansi lihamba khona phansi liyofuna ukudla. Kodwa-ke, i-gait ebalulekile enesifuba esiphambili kancane ivela kuwo wonke ama-Anseriformes.
La mabhungane omile atholakala eSouth Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Northeast China, Korea, Japan, Laos, Thailand nase Uzbekistan. ERussia, zidla eTransbaikalia kanye nasendaweni yase-Amur, eSakhalin, bese zindiza ziye eChina naseJapane ukuyochitha ubusika, lapho izimo zezulu ziphakathi nendawo khona.
Hlala izinyoni ezinekhala elomile, njengezinyoni eziningi zamanzi, eduze nemizimba yamanzi amasha, lapho uhlaza lukhulu khona. Zidla emadlelweni asogwini, emgodini, kaningi emanzini. Amathafa asezintabeni, ama-steppes ne-taiga alungele ukuhlala kwawo, into esemqoka ukuthi kukhona umfula noma ichibi eliseduze. AmaSukhonos angababhukudi abahle kakhulu nabatshuzi. Ebona ingozi, azicwilisa ngokuphelele emanzini bese ebhukuda aye endaweni ephephile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Isici esimangazayo samaSukhono ukuthi akabesabi abantu. Le nyoni inelukuluku lokwazi futhi ingandiza isondele ngokwanele futhi izungelezele into ethakazelwayo kuyo, kungaba ngumuntu noma isilwane esikhulu sasendle. Ilukuluku kanye nokukholwa kwadlala ihlaya elinesihluku nabantu abomile - baqothulwa kakhulu kunamanye ama-anseriform, ngoba akunzima ukubazingela.
Esithombeni, ihansi iduna
AmaSukhonos angababhukudi abahle kakhulu nabatshuzi. Phakathi nesikhathi se-molting, izilwane ezincane zilahlekelwa amandla okundiza, ngakho-ke zihlala eduze kwedamu noma emanzini. Bezwa ingozi, bacwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini, kusale ingxenye yekhanda phezulu, bese bebhukuda baye endaweni yokukhosela ephephile. Mhlawumbe ngalesi sici ukuncela ihansi futhi ngathola igama laso lesiRussia. Uhlobo lwesiNgisi luyi-euphonic - swan goose (swan goose).
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-dry borer ahlala ngamaqembu amancane, ngokwesilinganiso abantu abangama-25-40. Ngokufuduka kwasekwindla, izinyoni zibuthana ngemihlambi eminingi kakhulu. Ukuhlangana kobusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, izinyoni zenza umsindo nokukhathazeka, zikhipha ikhekhe elikhulu elizwakala isikhathi eside. Umhlambi usuka izikhathi eziningana, wenze imibuthano embalwa bese uhlala phansi futhi. Lapho indiza, amahansi akha isigaxa.
Ngokuhleleka okunjalo, kunzima kakhulu kumholi, ezinye izinyoni zindiza phezu kwamagagasi avela kumagagasi phambi kwalezi ezindizayo. Lapho amandla omholi ephela, wakha kabusha ekugcineni komhlambi, bese kuthi enye inyoni ithathe indawo yakhe. Kuvela ukuthi izinyoni azimiseli ujenga ngengozi, ukuhlangana okunjalo kokuhlangana kuzivumela ukuthi zihambe ibanga elide ubude benyoni eyodwa.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwekhala elomile kuqukethe okusanhlamvu, ulwelwe, utshani (ikakhulukazi ama-sedges), amajikijolo, kanye nezikelemu, amabhungane namacimbi. Ukuze uthole ukudla okunomsoco, amahansi adinga ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezisogwini ezivulekile, zimbozwe ngotshani obuphansi, lapho zidla khona njengemfuyo.
Ama-sucklings alulanyiswa kalula futhi akhuliswa ekuthunjweni, ema-zoo nasezinkulisa ze-zoo. Yibo ababa ngokhokho bamahansi asekhaya aseShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, izinhlanzi ezomile ezihlala eduze komuntu zengezwa ekudleni okuyinhloko nge-compound feed, ulethisi, iklabishi, i-alfalfa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
AbakwaSukhon bazikhethela umlingani wabo ngesikhathi sendiza ebusika noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika. Izidleke zakhiwa emibhedeni emikhulu yomhlanga ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi eduze kwamanzi. Ngalezi zinhloso, insikazi imba ukucindezeleka okuncane emhlabathini. Ngokwakha, kusetshenziswa utshani obomile, iziqu zezitshalo eziseduze kwamanzi, izimpaphe nezansi.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ku-clutch kuvame ukuba khona amaqanda amhlophe ayi-5-8 anesisindo esingaba cishe ngama-14 g. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, esihlala izinsuku ezingama-28-30, ihansi lomama alisishiyi isidleke, kanti owesilisa uhlala eduze kwesidleke ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kube khona amacala lapho inyoka yesilisa uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi, walingisa ukwehluleka ukuhamba, ngaleyo ndlela esusa isitha endaweni yokwakha izidleke.
Esithombeni, ama-sukhonos ahlebayo
Isizukulwane esisha sizochanyuselwa esikhathini esingangenyanga. Imvamisa, ama-brood amaningi ahlangana emhlanjini omncane, uhlobo lwenkulisa, oluhambisana nezinyoni ezindala eziningana. Amakhala omile afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni emi-2-3. Isikhathi sokuphila endle yiminyaka eyi-10-15, kuze kufike kuma-25 bukhoma e-zoo.
Abaqaphi bakaSukhonos
Izindawo, uhlala kuphi ama-sukhonos, njalo ngonyaka kuncane futhi kuncane. Izindawo ezilungele ukwakha izidleke zazo zilinyelwa amasimu, zincisha izinyoni izindlu ezibiza kakhulu - ikhaya. Ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kungenye into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni kwenani lala mahansi asendle.
ISukhonos ithathwa njengenyoni engajwayelekile futhi ibalwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini kwi-International Red Data Book. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, inani eliphelele lama-sukhonos goose alidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Izidleke azidluli kuma-200 ezweni lethu sukhonosov, eNcwadini Ebomvu ERussia, lolu hlobo lubalwa njengolusengozini.
Ngoba ukuvikelwa komile Emuva ngo-1977, kwagcinwa indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo eLake Udyl endaweni yaseKhabarovsk. Ingxenye ebalulekile yezindawo zokwakha izidleke ezomile eRussia, eMongolia naseChina zivikelwe yiDauria International Nature Reserve.
