I-Echinococcus kungokwama-cestode ohlobo, umndeni we-teniid. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa amaqembu ayi-9 ezikelemu. Isibungu esingena emzimbeni womninikhaya sicasula ukukhula kwesifo se-echinococcosis.
Sikhula kancane, ngakho-ke lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50. Abanye ososayensi bakhuluma nge-echinococcus, kusho i-cyst eyenziwe nge-helminths.
Izici, ukwakheka nokuhlala kwe-echinococcus
Indawo yokwabiwa kwama-parasite ngabanye ayinamkhawulo ngokungajwayelekile. Abamele izibungu bangatholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika, e-Afrika, e-Yurophu eseNingizimu, eChina naseMiddle East.
Lesi sifo sithinta amapulazi amaningi emfuyo eBulgaria, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, India. Ngokuqondene neRussia, kungabonakala izifunda ezinesifo esiphezulu kakhulu: iTatarstan, iBashkortostan, iKhabarovsk Territory, i-Altai Republic.
Umuntu ungenwa yisinanakazana ngokuxhumana nesilwane esigulayo, noma ngokudla amakhowe, amajikijolo, izithelo esezivele zithelelekile. Akunabandlululo ngokobuhlanga ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.
Izingane zivame ukushaya izinja eziphambukayo, ngakho-ke ingozi yazo yokuthola i-echinococcosis iyanda. Isibindi namaphaphu yizindawo lapho isibungu sivame kakhulu "ukuhlala khona". Icala laqoshwa lapho kutholakala i-echinococcus esikhwameni senhliziyo. Isakhiwo kanye nencazelo ye-biohelminth kunqunywa isigaba sayo sokuthuthuka.
Vuliwe isithombe umuntu ngamunye echinococcus ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
I-cystode encane imelwe yizingxenye ezi-3-4 ezixhunywe komunye nomunye. Isibungu singama-2.5-5 mm ubude, singu-0.7 kuye ku-1 mm ububanzi. I-scolex specimen "ifakwe" ngama-hook angama-40 nezinkomishi ezi-4 zokudonsa. Izingxenye ezimbili zokuqala azikwazi ukuzala kabusha, eyesithathu yi-hermaphroditic, kanti eyesine ivuthiwe. Kuyisibeletho esigcwele amaqanda.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-echinococcus
I-Echinococcus yisibungu esiyisidlakudla. Ingakwazi ukuhlala cishe kunoma yisiphi isitho somsingathi. Isibindi, izinso, ubende, izitho zangasese, izinso - akuzona zonke izibonelo zezindawo lapho kutholakala khona isibungu.
I-Echinococcus ivame ukwakha izindawo zokuhlala:
- i-house-cyst isho uhlobo lwekamelo elilodwa lokuphila;
- ukunqwabelana kwama-cysts angashadile;
- inguqulo ehlanganisiwe yobukhona.
Uma isibungu sihlala esigabeni sesibungu somphathi, impilo yaso ingaba yinde njengaleyo yosokhaya. Ifomu le-tape le-parasite liphila izinyanga ezi-3, bese livuthwa ngokocansi.I-Echinococcosis ibonakala ngenkambo yokuthuthuka.
- Izicubu zomzimba womuntu sezivele zithelelekile, kepha azikho izikhalazo ngesimo sempilo okwamanje.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlasela zivela: ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, ukungezwani komzimba, ubuhlungu obuhlelekile phakathi kwezimbambo.
- Izinzwa zobuhlungu zitholakala endaweni ethile. Lesi sifo sivame ukukhula sibe isimila esibi.
- Umdlavuza we-Metastatic ongaphenduli ekwelashweni.
Izimpawu izifo echinococcosis ukubonakaliswa okuqondile futhi kuncike endaweni, ivolumu yesinye, isikhathi sesifo. I-Echinococcosis yesibindi ibonakaliswa ukukhushulwa okuhlelekile, kuyilapho izimpawu zilula.
I-Echinococcosis iyingozi ngemiphumela yayo:
- pneumothorax;
- ukunqwabelana koketshezi ku-peritoneum;
- Isifo sikaBotkin;
- ukuxubana kwezitho;
- i-mediastinum, uma kune-echinococcosis yamaphaphu;
- i-peritonitis;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-pathological ku-peritoneum.
Amagciwane e-Echinococcus yenziwe yahlala esibindini, emaphashini nasemgodini wesisu. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela imisipha, amathambo, izitho zohlelo lokuzala, isinye, isisu. Isinye se-echinococcal singalimala futhi siqhume.
Ukuhlwanyela kwenzeka emgodini wezitho zangaphakathi. I-Echinococcus ibonakala ngekhono lokukhula libe izicubu. I-Echinococcus yesibindi ivame ukungena emaphashini, izinso, i-metastasize ku-diaphragm. Ukwephula ubuqotho besinye kuyingozi enkulu, ngoba kubangela ukushaqeka komzimba nethumba.
Umjikelezo wokuphila nokuthuthuka kwe-echinococcus kuhilela izigaba eziningana:
- iqanda;
- oncosphere;
- isibungu;
- umuntu omdala.
Emjikelezweni wokuphila we-echinococcus, kunemikhosi emibili. Amagciwane awakwazi ukuba khona futhi azalane ngokwawo. Umsingathi oyedwa uphakathi, omunye ungowokugcina.
Emzimbeni we-echinococcus wokuqala uhlala esigabeni seqanda nesibungu, emzimbeni wesibili - njengomuntu omdala. Iphinde izale lapho. I-Biohelminth ikhetha abantu nemfuyo njengomnikazi ophakathi. Okwamagciwane, ukuhlala emzimbeni womuntu ukuphela. Umnikazi oyinhloko we-echinococcus uyinja.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izikelemu azinalo uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokugaya ukudla. Zimunca ukudla ebusweni bomzimba. Emibhalweni yesayensi, alukho ulwazi oluthembekile ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-biohelminth yokudla olungelona. Cishe, i-omnivorous. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-echinococcus imunca ekudleni okugayiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamazinyo okuxhuma, lapho ibulala ngayo izitsha zomzimba.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Umuntu omdala we-echinococcus worm uhlala emathunjini amancane enja, impungushe, impisi. Izimuncagazi ezivuthiwe ngokocansi zishiya amaqanda emathunjini omgcini. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokuhlukanisa ingxenye enzalweni.
Izingxenye zingahamba, zihambe otshanini nasemhlabathini. Ukuqhekeka kwesinye kunomthelela ekutheni amaqanda e-echinococcus asatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu. Usayizi weqanda ungama-micrometer angama-35, okwenza kungabi lula ukuthola ukuthi isifo sikhona yini. Isibungu se-Echinococcus yakhiwa ngezinsuku ezingama-90.
IFinna ingazala kabusha ngokweqile. Ngaphakathi kweFinnns eyodwa enkulu, kwakhiwa eziningi ezincane, lapho kwakhiwa khona amakhanda. UFinna ubelokhu ekhula eminyakeni edlule.
Kukhona icala lapho isibungu esigabeni saseFinland esinesisindo esingu-50 kg sasihlala esibindi senkomo. Umbungu wakhiwa kancane. I-Finn ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu ingafinyelela ku-10mm. Iyeka ukukhula ngemuva kweminyaka engama-25-30.
Ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha i-asexually liyisici esivelele se-Echinococcus Finns. I-bubble lapho kugcinwa khona amaqanda iminyene kakhulu, ingagcwaliswa ngoketshezi. Ngaphakathi kwalo, kuvela isizukulwane esisha esakhiwe kusuka emakhanda ezimpethu ze-echinococcus zesikhathi esizayo.
Lesi sibalo siyakhombisa I-echinococcus ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa
Ukuze umuntu echinococcus adlulele esigabeni sokugcina sentuthuko, kufanele angene emzimbeni wesilwane esidlayo noma senja. Amakhanda e-Echinococcal kumele aphile. Abanikazi abondla isilwane sabo inyama entsha kanye nemikhiqizo evela ezilwaneni ezithelelekile basengozini yokuyithelela ngama-parasites wesibungu.
Kwenzeka lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi inja isidle izinsalela zesidumbu semfuyo efile noma imfuyo. I-echinococcus worm iba seyakhiwe ngokugcwele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Indoda ye echinococcus wethula inketho umphathi... Ngokuya ngendawo yesinye, i-echinococcosis ingaqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo isikhathi eside.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuvakashela kudokotela kwenzeka eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva komzuzu wokutheleleka. Izicubu zesitho esithintekile zichithwa ngokushesha futhi zifaka ingcindezi ezithweni ezingomakhelwane. Uma okuqukethwe kwesinye kuthululelwa emzimbeni womzimba, lokhu kusho okuphindaphindwayo ukutheleleka kwe-echinococcus.
Ucezu ngalunye lwethishu noma lwe-bubble lungakhula lube izicubu nezitho bese lwakha amabhamuza amasha. Nge-echinococcus yamaphaphu, umuntu angafa uma isinye silimele noma sibhujiswa. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelashwa echinococcosis - ukusebenza.
ERussia, ukwanda kwe-echinococcosis kuchazwa ngobuningi bezinkomo emapulazini, kanye nokwelusa izinja eziklabisa izilwane ezifuywayo. Njengomthetho, lawa amapulazi amakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho lapho kuthuthukiswa khona ukufuywa kwezinyamazane.
