Olunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-ixodid imikhaza kuyinto i-taigaesebenza njengomuntu okhethekile kakhulu amagciwane ama-vertebrate ahlukahlukene.
Kuyingozi kakhulu hhayi ezilwaneni kuphela, kodwa nakubantu. Kunokuthi okufanayo umkhaza we-taiga uyingozi, lapho ahlala khona, uhola impilo enjani - noma ngubani angathola izimpendulo zale mibuzo esihlokweni sethu.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo umkhaza we-taiga
Umkhaza we-taiga ngu isidalwa esiyi-hygrophilous, ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi sihlala ezindaweni zamahlathi (ezindaweni zazo ezimnyama nezinomswakama), kepha, sibuye sivele nasezimfundeni (emihosheni nasezingodweni ezinotshani obude obukhulu), nasezihlahleni ezihlabayo, lapho sikhuphukela khona emagatsheni aphansi.
Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okubonakala ngokuthamba kwayo, imingcele yendawo yale arachnid ikhule kakhulu. Uma engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Njengoba umkhaza we-taiga uhlala emahlathini aseSiberia, kulezi zinsuku uvame ukutholakala emazweni aseBaltic States, ezifundeni ezithile zaseKazakhstan, eMongolia, eChina, eKamchatka, eziqhingini zaseKuril naseningizimu yeJapane.
Isakhiwo sethikhi yetaiga iyefana nakuzo zonke izidalwa zale nhlobo, inomzimba omncane oyisicaba onemilenze eyi-8 nekhanda elimise okwekhonji (i-proboscis), elenza kube lula ukunyakaza esembozweni soboya noma sophaphe sesisulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi inokwehluka okuthile ekwakhiweni kwayo, eyokuqala okungumbala wesidalwa. Ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane, umbala omnyama obomvu noma onsundu ngokubomvu uyisici, owesilisa uhlala emnyama.
Lokhu kungenxa yesembozo se-chitinous esivikela umkhaza. Kwowesifazane, ngokungafani nowesilisa, ikhava le ithatha u-1/3 womzimba kuphela, kanti okunye kuqukethe amafolda esikhumba avumela isisu ukuthi selule izikhathi ezi-5-8.
Umkhaza weTaiga
Futhi nezinsikazi zomkhaza ziyehluka ngosayizi wazo, zikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunabesilisa. Usayizi wazo ufinyelela ku-4 mm, futhi lapho ugcwele igazi - kufika ku-13 mm, kanti kwabesilisa kungu-2.5 mm kuphela. Lokhu kungabonakala esithombeni.
Ngaphandle kokuthi imikhaza incane kakhulu futhi ayinazo izitho ezibonakalayo, iphila kalula, ngenxa yekhono layo lokuzwa inyamazane yayo ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha ayishumi. Leli khono liyathuthukiswa ngenxa yomuzwa okhona wokuthinta nomuzwa ojulile wephunga lalezi zidalwa.
Isimo nempilo yethiki yetaiga
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili umkhaza we-taiga isidalwa esiyingozi, njengoba sinjalo othwala i-encephalitis nesifo seLyme. Ihlukaniswa nokungasebenzi kwayo, ngoba ihamba kakhulu emzimbeni womgcini.
Futhi futhi ukubekezela kuzalwa kuye ngokulindela ukusondela kwesisulu, okulindelwe yisidalwa ngokuma okusebenzayo, okubonakala ngokuhamba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zemilenze yangaphambili enwetshiwe, nezitho zikaHaller kuzo.
Le minyakazo iyasiza ukuthola ukuqondiswa komthombo wephunga lesisulu, kuthi uma nje liseduze, umkhaza uzonamathela kuwo ngosizo lwezingwegwe nezinkomishi zokudonsa imilenze yayo efakwe kuyo.
Ngokuzayo, umkhaza we-taiga ukhetha indawo yokondla, ikakhulukazi ikhanda noma isifunda somlomo wesibeletho ezilwaneni nasemakhwapheni, ezindaweni zomgogodla kanye nasekhanda kubantu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesifazane bayingozi kakhulu kunabesilisa. Bahlukaniswa ukuminza kwabo futhi bazenza iminki esikhunjeni ukuze bathole umsoco, lapho bahlala khona kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha, kuyilapho abesilisa bencela isikhathi esifushane kuphela ukugcwalisa ukuphakelwa kwezakhi namanzi. Ngemuva kokugcwala, imikhaza ye-taiga ishiya umninikhaya bayohlala endaweni yabo yemvelo, ngokuba yisinambuzane somhlabathi.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Taiga
Umkhaza we-taiga uyadla igazi nezicubu uketshezi lwenethiwekhi yalo. Ngemuva kokuba umkhaza ukhethe indawo yokudla, uluma isisulu saso, ngenkathi usika isikhumba saso nge-proboscis, uzama ukufika emithanjeni yegazi engaphansi kwaso.
Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezindlala eziconsisa amathe kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwalawa ma-arachnids. Yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i- luma e umkhaza we-taiga kukhishwa amathe okuqala, afana nosimende, anamathela izitho zomlomo esikhunjeni sesisulu saso.
Kamuva, kukhishwa uketshezi lwamathe, oluqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene ezisebenza ngokuphila. Lezi zinto ziyakwazi ukubulala indawo yokuluma, zibhubhise izindonga zemithambo yegazi nezicubu ezizungezile, futhi zicindezele ukuzivikela kwabathwali lapho bezama ukuzenqaba.
Futhi, ngosizo lwamathe, umkhaza unciphisa igazi elingenayo nezinhlayiya zezicubu ezibhujisiwe ukuze zimunceke kalula. Isikhathi sokondla kwabesifazane nabesilisa sesivele sikhulume ngaso endabeni yethu, kepha ngokujwayelekile sakha ama-5-7% womjikelezo wokuphila kwesidalwa.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nokulinda isikhathi sokuphila komkhaza we-taiga
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, i-taiga ikhokha umlingani endaweni yazo yemvelo noma isivele kumninimzi ngenkathi insikazi iphakela. Ngemuva kokugcwaliswa okuphelele kowesifazane, amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5-2.5 abekwa, okuvela kuwo, emasontweni ambalwa, izibungu ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-0.5 mm ngosayizi nemilenze eyisithupha.
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, izibungu zondla egazini lezilwane ezincane noma izinyoni isikhathi esingangesonto ziphinde zibuyele endaweni yazo yemvelo, lapho zihlangana khona ziphenduke ama-nymphs (okungukuthi, zidlulela esigabeni esilandelayo sokuvuthwa).
Imikhaza kulesi sigaba yehlukile kuleyo edlule ngosayizi abakhulu (kufika ku-1.5 mm) kanye nokuba khona kwemilenze eyi-8. Kulesi sigaba, ziya ebusika, emva kwalokho ziphinde zizingele, futhi kulokhu izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, kufaka phakathi abantu, ziba yizinto zokudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe okunye.
Ngemuva kwalokho ama-nymphs aqhubeka nenqubo ye-molting futhi, ngemuva kwalokho aphenduka abe umuntu omdala ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngakho-ke kulandela ukuthi isikhathi sempilo yokhakhayi sihambisana nesikhathi sokukhula ngokuphelele futhi sithatha okungenani iminyaka emithathu (yize le nqubo kwesinye isikhathi ibambezeleka ngeminyaka emi-4-5).
Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene nezinye izinto, kusuka enanini elikhulu lezibungu kuya esigabeni somkhaza omdala, kusinda kuphela abanamandla kakhulu (kuphela abambalwa).
Ngifingqa, ngithanda ukukhumbuza futhi ukuthi umkhaza we-taiga kuyinto i-pathogen izifo eziyingozi kakhulu (futhi ngabantu abadala kuphela abayingozi kubantu), ngakho-ke, lapho ungena ehlathini ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulandele imithetho elula kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kulezi zidalwa.
Ziqukethe ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezingubo, ukuvinjelwa kokuhlala otshanini nokunyakaza emahlathini, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezixoshayo, futhi lapho ubuyela ekhaya - ushintsho oluphelele lwezingubo kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba. Futhi ukugonyelwa i-encephalitis, okuhlala kwenziwa ezindaweni zokuhlala ngesikhathi sokuzingela imikhaza okusebenzayo, ngeke kube yinto engadingekile.
