Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ama-nematode
Ama-Nematode, elinye igama - izibungu eziyisiyingi, zingezohlobo lwe-primary cavity worm. Izinhlobonhlobo zazo zikhulu kakhulu. Njengamanje, sekutholwe izinhlobo ezingaba yisigidi zalesi sibungu.
Zonke zihlukaniswe njengempilo yamahhala kanye nama-parasites. Kujwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu i-nematode kuyinto isakhiwo... Umzimba wematode uqobo ubukeka njengolukhuni, uncishisiwe waya emaphethelweni: ngaphambili nangemuva.
Babizwa nxazonke ngoba isigaba esiphambanweni siphumela kumbuthano. Umzimba wabo umbozwe nge-cuticle eminyene, lapho kutholakala khona imisipha ye-longitudinal. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokusobala ku- isithombe sematode.
Akukho ukujikeleza kwegazi nokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula kwenziwa ngayo yonke indiza yomzimba noma i-anaerobically. Uhlelo lokugaya alulula futhi luqukethe ukuvulwa ngomlomo nangendunu, phakathi kwawo kukhona ithubhu eqondile.
Ikhanda "linomlomo" ozungezwe izindebe. Ngayo, ukudla okunomsoco kwenzeka: ukudla kumunca ngaphakathi. Izinhlobo eziningana zama-nematode aphilayo nazo zinamehlo athuthukile, angaba nezinhlobonhlobo zombala. Usayizi womzimba wezikelemu uhluka ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-1 mm kuye ku-37 cm.
Esithombeni, isakhiwo se-nematode
Ama-Nematode khombisa isibonelo esicacile senqubekela phambili yezinto eziphilayo. Namuhla bahlala kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukuqala phansi olwandle olunosawoti, ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, banqoba imizimba yamanzi amasha, inhlabathi, futhi manje sebengaphila futhi bazalane kunoma yisiphi isidalwa esinamaseli amaningi.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yama-nematode
Njenganoma yisiphi isinambuzane, isibungu se-nematode, ivumelana nezimo kakhulu, inomjikelezo wempilo olula futhi ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungabizwa ngokuthi yisilokazane "esiphelele".
Ukuhlala emzimbeni womninikhaya, uyakwazi ukudala izifo ezahlukahlukene, kepha hhayi ezibulalayo. I-Nematode isebenzisa ukudla nomzimba wayo impilo yonke, futhi ukuze ingadali ingozi eyengeziwe, isusa amaqanda ayo kuyo umzimba "Mphathi". Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ophakathi, nokuzinza endaweni enkulu.
Ukuze usinde, zonke izibungu isigaba se-nematode, ine-adaptations eyengeziwe ayithola ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Igobolondo lalo eliminyene livikela isenzo seziphuzo zokugaya ukudla, abesifazane bavundile kakhulu, izitho ezikhethekile zokunamathiselwa. Ezinye zezinhlobo zematode zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuqothula izikelemu "eziyingozi".
Izinhlobo ze-Nematode
Kunemibandela yonke ama-nematode ihlukaniswe kabili unomusa: ukuhlala ngokukhululeka nezinambuzane. Ezokuqala zihlala enhlabathini nasemanzini, kanti ezokugcina zihlala ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni zezilwane, izinambuzane nabantu.
Ama-nematode aphilayo zihlanganisa iningi lezinhlobo ze-roundworm. Zonke zincane ngosayizi, imidondoshiya ifinyelela ku-3 cm kuphela.Ingahlala kunoma yiluphi uketshezi, noma kuviniga.
Ngamazinga okushisa aphansi impela, ngisho naseNyakatho Pole. Ama-nematode amaningi ahlala emhlabathini ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezingangabazeki futhi adlala indima enkulu enqubweni yokwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Isicelo sabo sithi ama-nematode itholakele futhi ku-aquarium... Kungukudla okuhle kakhulu kokuthosa. Zikhula ngamabomu noma zizalela zodwa lapho zidla ngokweqile noma lapho kunqwabelana imvuthuluka ebolile.
Izimuncagazi zidala ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kwezolimo, imfuyo nabantu. Ama-Nematode kubangele ubunzima obukhulu izifo... Bangakhubaza kunoma yiziphi izitho. Izikelemu ziyehluka ngosayizi abahlaba umxhwele. Isibonelo, i-sperm whale nematode ingaba ngamamitha ayi-8 ubude.
Ukondla ama-nematode
Ama-nematode aphilayo adla ulwelwe oluncane, amabhaktheriya, imfucumfucu yezitshalo. Izilwane eziphila phakathi kwazo azivamile. Ngemilomo yabo, bamane bamunce ukudla. Izimuncagazi ezihlala ezitshalweni ngokwazo zinesitayela esikhethekile emlonyeni wazo.
Ama-nematode ahlaba izicubu zawo bese ejova ujusi wawo wokugaya ukudla, abese emunca ukudla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukugaya ukudla okungaphandle komzimba. Ama-nematode emzimbeni womninikhaya akhona ngenxa yezakhamzimba ezikhiqizayo. Yini ama-nematode vele uyisebenzisele ukukhula nokukhula kwabo.
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nempilo yama-nematode
Ngokuyinhloko konke izinhlobo zematode ubungqingili. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane ngosayizi, futhi ukuphela kwangemuva kusongwe kancane eceleni. Ukuzala kwenzeka ngokocansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinsikazi, lapho sezikulungele ukukhwelana, zikhipha iphunga elinamandla lapho owesilisa esabela khona.
Futhi-ke imboza owesifazane ngesikhwama sokukopisha, kulandelwe ukwethulwa kwesicubu esithweni sangasese. Babeka ikakhulu amaqanda ngokuzala, kepha kunezinhlobo zezikelemu eziyimfihlo ezenziwa ngokuzalwa bukhoma. Ama-nematode aphilayo azalela amaqanda ayikhulu kuya kwayi-2 000 empilweni. Ama-parasites avundile kakhulu futhi leli nani lingafinyelela ku-200,000 ngosuku olulodwa nje.
Ama-nematode aboniswe enhlanzini
Amaqanda angena endaweni yangaphandle, bese kuqala ukukhula kwezibungu. Ezitshalweni eziphila mahhala nezama-nematodes ezikhubaza, umjikelezo wonke wokuthuthuka kwezibungu wenzeka endaweni efanayo.
Ngabe izimuncagazi ze-nematode ukungena kwezilwane nabantu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Kungenzeka endaweni noma ngaphandle kwe- "host" ephakathi. Kunoma ikuphi, ziyancibilika izikhathi ezingu-3-4 zize zikhule zibe yisibonelo esivuthiwe, zilungele ukuzala kabusha. Kepha esigabeni sokugcina esiphumelelayo, kufanele ngabe sesivele sikhona emzimbeni womgcini.
Ukuqala komjikelezo wokuphila kwe-nematode kuqala emathunjini, ngemuva kokukhulelwa kowesifazane. Yehlela kunxande, lapho izalela khona amaqanda endunu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uyafa. Amaqanda ngokwawo avuthwa cishe amahora ayisithupha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.
Ngezandla ezingcolile, bangena emgodini wamathumbu futhi, ukutheleleka kabusha kwenzeka. Iphenduka izibungu, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili iba ngabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwama-nematode, ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo komjikelezo wempilo yabo kuyabonakala
- Amaqanda, ngemuva nje kokuwabeka kowesifazane, angatheleleka uma engena emzimbeni wesilwane.
- Amaqanda, lapho umbungu kufanele udlule esigabeni esingeziwe, ngemuva kwalokho ukwazi ukuthelela "umphathi".
- Amaqanda lapho isibungu sikhula khona futhi sishiya umhlabathi, ngemuva kwalokho singene emzimbeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, impilo yanoma iyiphi i-nematode ihlala cishe amasonto ama-2-3.
Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwama-nematode
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 i-nematode - izimuncagazi zingakwazi isamanisi izifo kubantu. Nini ama-nematode vela emzimbeni womuntu, bese kuthi kuqala umgudu wokugaya ukudla uhlupheke.
Kungaba ukulimala ezindongeni zamathumbu nokuvaleka kwamapayipi enyongo, abonakala ngezitulo ezicasukile, ubuhlungu enkabeni noma esithweni sangasese, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nematode, angena egazini, afuduka kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu, akwazi ukutheleleka ngokuphelele kunoma yiziphi izitho zawo. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zingaba njengokuphefumula okuncane kanye ne-conjunctivitis, nobuhlungu bemisipha. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphendula okujwayelekile komzimba nakho kuyisici: ukuqubuka komzimba, ukulunywa, ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba, umuzwa wobuthakathaka njalo kanye nesicanucanu.
Ukwelashwa kusuka i-nematode kwenziwa ngemithi noma ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo. Imithi ivame ukuba nobuthi impela, ngakho-ke udokotela uyabanikeza. Ngokwelashwa komoya-mpilo, i-oxygen ingeniswa emathunjini, kuthi ama-nematode afe ngaphandle kwemithi.
Izilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingenwa yizifo ezibanga ama-parasites.Emakati izimpawu zokutheleleka ama-nematode lokhu yilawa: ukukhwehlela okuhoshozela njalo nokumanzi ukushintshanisa isifo sohudo nokuqunjelwa; ukusabela kwesikhumba nokukhathala.
Ezinjeni kungukuthi: ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo esikhethekile esiphuzi; ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla; ukuluma umsila; ukukhathala nokunganaki. Lapho lezi zimpawu zivela, kuyadingeka ukuyisa isilwane kudokotela wezilwane, lapho ezonikeza khona imithi.
