Ichibi elijulile futhi elihluke kakhulu emhlabeni yiBaikal. Yilapho ungathola khona izilwane eziyingqayizivele ezingatholakali kwenye indawo - izimvu zamanzi zeBaikal, izindawo zasendlini, izinsalela zezilwane eziphakeme.
Uphawu lweBaikal ingeyomndeni wezimpawu futhi yakha uhlobo oluhlukile. Lesi yisilwane esisodwa futhi esincelisayo kuphela eChibini iBaikal. Saqala ukuzwa futhi sichaza lesi silwane esihle ngesikhathi sohambo lweBering.
Leli thimba lifake ososayensi abehlukene, kubandakanya nalabo ababambe iqhaza ngqo ocwaningweni lwesimo seBaikal. Kwakuvela kubo ukuthi imininingwane yokuqala yacaciswa izincazelo zophawu.
Isilwane esiphinyiwe eChibini iBaikal siyinto eyingqayizivele. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungumkhuba ukucabanga ukuthi izimvu zamanzi zingabomdabu base-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi lezi zilwane zifike eMpumalanga Siberia kuseseyimfihlakalo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Esithombeni uphawu lweBaikal
Kodwa iqiniso lihlala likhona, futhi lo mkhuba wenza iChibi iBaikal libe yimfihlakalo kakhulu futhi lingavamile. Vuliwe isithombe se-Baikal seal ungabuka ngokungapheli. Ubukhulu bayo obumangazayo nohlobo oluthile lwesisho somlomo sesifonyo kubonakala kungahambelani.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo uphawu lweBaikal
Lesi yisilwane esikhulu ngokwanele, cishe esinokuphakama komuntu okungu-1.65 cm, nesisindo esisuka ku-50 kuye ku-130 kg. Lesi silwane simbozwe ngoboya obukhulu futhi obuqinile yonke indawo. Akukho kuphela emehlweni nasemakhaleni. Kutholakala ngisho nasemaphikweni wesilwane. Seal fur ikakhulukazi umbala ompunga noma ompunga onsundu nge-sheen enhle eyisiliva. Imvamisa, ingxenye engezansi yesifuba sayo ilula kunaleyo engenhla.
Seal isilwane ubhukuda ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngenxa yolwelwesi eminweni yakhe. Uzipho oluqinile lubonakala kahle emilenzeni yangaphambili. Emilenzeni yangemuva, mincane. Intamo yophawu cishe ayikho.
Abesifazane bahlala bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa. Kukhona ijwabu leso lesithathu ngaphambi kwamehlo ophawu. Ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside emoyeni, amehlo akhe aqala ukuconsa ngokungazibandakanyi. Emzimbeni wesilwane kunenani elikhulu lamafutha.
Isendlalelo samafutha sophawu simayelana no-10 kuya ku-15 cm.Amafutha amancane atholakala ekhanda nasemigodini yangaphambili. Amafutha asiza isilwane ukuthi sihlale sifudumele emanzini abandayo. Futhi, ngosizo lwala mafutha, uphawu lungangena kalula ezikhathini ezinzima zokuntuleka kokudla. Okungaphansi kwesikhumba Amafutha we-Baikal seal kumsiza ukuthi alale ebusweni bamanzi isikhathi eside.
Uphawu lweBaikal lunobuthongo obuzwakala kakhulu
Kulesi sikhundla, uyakwazi nokulala. Ukulala kwabo kunamandla kakhulu okuba nomona. Kuke kube nezimo lapho abatshuzi be-scuba bephendulela lezi zilwane ezilele, kepha abavukanga nokuvuka. Uphawu lweBaikal seal uhlala ikakhulukazi eChibini iBaikal.
Kukhona, noma kunjalo, ukwehluka nezimpawu kugcina e-Angara. Ngenkathi yasebusika, cishe sonke isikhathi sazo sisebusweni bombuso ongaphansi kwamanzi wechibi futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kuphela lapho zingavela khona ngaphezulu.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunomoya-mpilo owanele ngaphansi kwamanzi, izimvu zamanzi zenza izimbobo ezincane eqhweni ngosizo lwezinzipho zazo ezibukhali. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bezimbobo ezinjalo buvela kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Uma ujula ufanele, ubanzi.
I-Baikal seal ngaphansi kwamanzi
Ukuphela kwesikhathi sasebusika salesi silwane esikhonkoshelwe kubonakala ngokuya eqhweni. Ngenyanga yokuqala yehlobo, kunenqwaba enkulu yalezi zilwane endaweni yase-Ushkany Islands.
Yilapho kutholakala khona i-real rookery. Lapho nje ilanga lishona esibhakabhakeni, lezi zilwane ziqala ukuhamba ndawonye zibheke eziqhingini. Ngemuva kokuba izintaba zeqhwa zinyamalale echibini, izimvu zamanzi zizama ukuhlala eduze nendawo esogwini.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila kophawu lweBaikal
Okuthokozisayo ngalolu phawu ukuthi uma ingaphansi kwamanzi, amakhala ayo kanye nokuvuleka kwayo ezindlebeni kuvalwa nge-valve ekhethekile. Lapho isilwane sivela futhi sikhipha umoya, ingcindezi iyanda futhi ama-valve avulekile.
Isilwane sinezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu, ukubona kahle nenjabulo enhle. Ijubane lokuhamba kophawu emanzini lifinyelela cishe ku-25 km / h. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka kweqhwa eChibini iBaikal, futhi lokhu kuwela ezinyangeni zikaMashi-Meyi, uphawu luqala ukuncibilika. Ngalesi sikhathi, isilwane sibulawa yindlala futhi asidingi manzi. Uphawu aludli lutho ngalesi sikhathi; lunamafutha anele okuphila.
Lesi yisibindi esinamandla kakhulu, kodwa sinesilwane esiqaphile ngasikhathi sinye. Ingabuka umuntu emanzini isikhathi eside, angene kuwo ngokuphelele ashiye ikhanda lakhe kuphela ngaphezulu. Ngokushesha nje lapho uphawu lubona ukuthi lubonwe endaweni yalo yokubuka, ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa okuncane nomsindo ongadingekile, lungena ngokuthula emanzini.
Lesi silwane kulula ukusiqeqesha. Ngempela baba izintandokazi zomphakathi. Akukho noyedwa umbukiso wezimpawu zeBaikal, esivakashelwa ngenjabulo enkulu ngabantu abadala nezingane.
Izimpawu zeBaikal zibonisa abahlanganyeli
Uphawu lweBaikal alunazitha ngaphandle kwabantu. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule abantu babandakanyeka ekukhishweni kwezimpawu ngokuqinile. Lesi bekuyisilinganiso esikhulu sezimboni. Empeleni konke okusetshenziswe yilesi silwane kusetshenzisiwe. Amalambu akhethekile ezimayini agcwaliswa ngamafutha asezimpawu, inyama yadliwa, futhi isikhumba saziswa kakhulu ngabazingeli be-taiga.
Yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-skis asezingeni eliphakeme futhi asheshayo. Lawa mazishibhu ehlukile kuma-skis ajwayelekile ngokuthi abengeke abuyele emuva kunoma iyiphi indawo eyehlelayo. Kwafika ezingeni lokuthi isilwane sibe sincane futhi sibe sincane. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1980, kwenziwa isinqumo ngazwi linye sokumsindisa, futhi Uphawu lweBaikal ibhalwe ku Incwadi Ebomvu.
Esithombeni, ingane yolwandle lweBaikal
Ukudla okunomsoco kophawu lweBaikal
Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yizimpawu yizinhloko ezinkulu kanye nemikhovu yeBaikal. Ngonyaka, lesi silwane singadla ngaphezu kwethani lokudla okunjalo. Imvamisa i-omul ingatholakala ekudleni kwabo. Le nhlanzi yenza u-1-2% wokudla kwansuku zonke kwesilwane. Kunamahemuhemu angenasisekelo okuthi izimvu zamanzi zibhubhisa yonke imiphakathi yeBaikal omul. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo. Kutholakala ekudleni kophawu, kepha kuyaqabukela ngokweqile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sophawu lweBaikal
Ukuphela kwesikhathi sasebusika kuphawu lweBaikal kuhlotshaniswa nenqubo yokuzala. Ukuthomba kwabo kwenzeka eneminyaka emine. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11. Ukhasa eqhweni ukuze abelethe izingane. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho uphawu lusongelwa kakhulu yingozi evela kubazingeli nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Amantshontsho wezimpawu zamanzi aseBaikal azalwa emhlophe, ngakho-ke abizwa ngokuthi "izimvu zamanzi ezimhlophe"
Ukuze ngandlela thile bazivikele kulezi zitha ezingaba namandla nasezimweni zezulu zasentwasahlobo ezinzima, izimvu zamanzi zakha imihume ekhethekile. Le ndlu ixhunywe emanzini ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukuzivikela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi ivikele inzalo yayo engozini engaba khona.
Endaweni ethile maphakathi no-Mashi, kuzalwa umntwana wophawu lweBaikal. Esikhathini esiningi, insikazi iba neyodwa, iyaqabukela ibe mibili, futhi iba ngaphansi kancane kathathu. Isisindo esincane esingaba ngu-4 kg. Cishe izinyanga eziyi-3-4, ingane incela ubisi lwebele.
Ugqoke ijazi elihle elimhlophe qhwa, ngenxa yokuthi bazifihla ngokuphelele emigqonyeni yeqhwa. Isikhathi esithile siyadlula futhi ngemuva kokuncibilikisa izingane zithole umthunzi wazo ompunga wemvelo ngesiliva, uphawu lohlobo lwazo. Obaba ababambi qhaza ekukhuleni kwabo.
Ukukhula kophawu kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Zikhula ziye eminyakeni engama-20. Kuyenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu, bengakhuli bafane nosayizi wabo ojwayelekile, bafe. Emva kwakho konke, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwaloluphawu lweBaikal cishe luyiminyaka eyi-8-9.
Yize ososayensi bebonile ukuthi lesi silwane singaphila isikhathi eside - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60. Kepha ngezizathu eziningi nangenxa yezici ezithile zangaphandle, zimbalwa kakhulu izibindi ezinde kangako phakathi kwezimpawu, umuntu angasho ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke lezi zilwane kuyizimpawu zesizukulwane esisha ezineminyaka emihlanu. Ubudala bezimpawu bunganqunywa kalula ngama-canines abo kanye nozipho babo.
