Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-vicuna
UVicuna (amanye amagama - i-vigoni, i-vicuni, i-vigon) iyisilwane esikhanyayo somndeni wamakamela ovela kuhlobo lwe-llamas. Ngaphandle lama vicuña ifana ne-guanaco noma i-alpaca, kepha ifana kakhulu nekamela, ngoba ayinama-humps, futhi incane ngosayizi.
Ngokungafani nekamela, litholakala kuphela eNingizimu Melika, engxenyeni yalo esentshonalanga - ezinkangala zase-Andes (endaweni yezifunda zanamuhla zaseChile, iPeru, i-Ecuador, iBolivia ne-Argentina). AmaVicua ahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-3.5 kuye kwayi-5.5, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Isilwane sinomusa futhi sizacile. Ubude bucishe bube imitha elilodwa nohhafu, ukuphakama kokubuna kucishe kube imitha elilodwa, kanti isisindo esilinganisiwe singama-50 kg. Ijazi leli lipheshulwe kancane, kodwa lithambile futhi liwugqinsi, ukuze nje kusindiswe isilwane emakhazeni, emoyeni, emvuleni nakwezinye izimo zezulu ezimbi. Ngakho-ke, ama-alpaca, ama-llamas, ama-guanacos, ama-vicuñas afana kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-vicuna
UVicuña uyisilwane somhlambi. Zigcina zingamaqembu ahlangene abantu abahlanu kuya kwabayi-15, ngaphandle kwabancane abavela njalo. Iqembu ngalinye liphethwe ngumholi oyedwa wesilisa. Yonke imihlambi iyayazi indawo yayo yokuhlala.
Eyesilisa igada “umndeni” wayo ngomona, iyahamba ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi izama ukukhuphukela phezulu egqumeni ngenhloso yokubuka indawo ezungezile futhi inikeze nesiginali ngesikhathi uma ibona okungenani izimpawu ezithile zobungozi.
Lokhu kuziphatha kwezilwane kuhambisana nezakhi zofuzo, noma ngabe uhlu lwezitha zemvelo, zemvelo ngaphandle kwabantu alwaziwa ngama-vicunas anamuhla. Ngaphezu kwemihlambi eqoqiwe futhi eqeqeshiwe, amaqembu ezinsizwa ezisathola ulwazi namandla, futhi afuna isikhathi esifanele sokushaya abesifazane kusuka kwabanye "abaholi besizwe" asebekhulile futhi bakhe umhlambi wabo, bahambe ezintabeni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, bazovikela nendawo yabo. Futhi abaholi bangaphambilini ababedingisiwe bahola impilo enesizungu yama-hermits. Ama-Vicua ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kuphela ngesikhathi semini, aphumule ebusuku. Emini, ama-vicuñas kancane, azama ukuhambisana, ahamba ezintabeni efuna ukudla, futhi ngemuva kokudla, athola ilanga.
Ngaphandle kwesimo se-phlegmatic nokubukeka kwesimo sokuzola (izilwane zisondele kubantu nasezindaweni zokuhlala, ungathola okuningi isithombe se-vicuna), azinandaba nokuziphatha.
Lapho sebethunjiwe, bavame ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukuphuza nokudla, abaxhumani kahle nomuntu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka lezi zilwane bezingalinywa, yize kusenziwa imizamo.
Ukudla
Indawo esezintabeni - iPuna - lapho kuhlala khona la ma-artiodactyls, iyithafa elivulekile elishaywa yimimoya yonke. Ngaphandle kobunzima bokuthola ukudla, amanzi nokuntuleka okungapheli komoya-mpilo emoyeni omncane wasentabeni, ama-vicuñas azijwayeze kahle izimo ezinjalo.
Ngakho-ke, ukudla, ngezizathu ezisobala, akucebile. Zidla zonke izimila ezingazithola endaweni enezintaba. Isici somzimba salezi artiodactyls ngamazinyo aphansi e-incisor, aqhubeka nokukhula ezimpilweni zabo zonke, njengamagundane.
Okwe-artiodactyls, lokhu ngokuvamile akujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okumuncu kwama-vicua kungamane kudingekile ukuze kugaywe ungqimba olwengeziwe lwamazinyo akhule kabusha. Lezi zingqimba eziphansi zibukhali kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-vicuñas anquma amaqabunga, amagatsha, amahlumela bese uwahlafuna kahle.
Ingxenye yezimpande yezitshalo ze-vicuna ayidliwa, kepha uma zihlangana namahlathi ezinhlamvu zasendle zisendleleni, khona-ke leli yidili langempela lomndeni wonke. Bangathanda ukuhlasela amasimu amasiko atshalwe ngumuntu, kodwa ngenhlanhla kubantu, ama-artiodactyls asezintabeni awathandi ukwehla kangaka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Muva nje (kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20), umuntu wayeyisitha esikhulu salesi silwane, kepha selokhu ama-vicuñas abe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kweRed Book kanye nohulumeni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sikhule kakhulu. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-vicuña aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15-20.
UVicuna — isilwane mahhala, kepha muva nje bebelokhu bezama ukulufuya, ikakhulukazi njengoba eminyakeni yamuva bebeqhutshwa njalo beya ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezibiyelwe zokugunda izinwele nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinqubo, imfuyo ebanjiwe iyadedelwa iye endle futhi, ihlukaniswe ngemihlambi futhi izulazule ezintabeni kuze kube "ukuhlangana" okulandelayo. Izilwane kufanele zikhululwe ngoba azifuni ukuzala ekuthunjweni.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwama-vicuna siqala entwasahlobo. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11. Njengoba owesifazane ngamunye eminyakeni evundile eletha inzalo cishe njalo ngonyaka, kulula ukubala ukuthi inkathi ngayinye entsha yokukhwelana kwakhe ifika ngokoqobo kungakapheli inyanga ngemuva kokubeletha.
Izilo zidla eduze kukanina zize zibe nonyaka owodwa ubudala, bese zihlala emhlambini isikhathi esingangonyaka nohhafu kuye eminyakeni emibili, bese zihamba “ukubhukuda mahhala” kanye nezinye izinsizwa ukuze zithole indawo yazo empilweni.
Intengo yoboya be-Vicuna
Ikhwalithi yoboya be-vicunas buthathwa njengebuphakeme kunabo bonke bemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiboya obubiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukutholakala kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zichazwa zombili izici ezikhethekile zoboya nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi inani lama-vicuna namuhla, ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka okuqothulwa yinzalo yabanqobi, lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 kuphela.
Ijazi likaVicuna lithambile kakhulu futhi lifudumele
Ijazi lithambe kakhulu futhi lifudumele. Vicuna noboya inemicu emincane emincane futhi ethambile. Lezi yizintambo zoboya bemvelo ezinhle kakhulu ezaziwayo. Ubude be-fiber bungafika ku-30-50 mm (izinwele ezengeziwe ezengeziwe zikhula esiswini).
Ubucayi obumaphakathi (leli yigama lobubanzi bezinwele) vicuña uvolo - 10-15 microns, kanye nemicu ye-downy (undercoat) ifinyelela ku-micron we-6-8 kuphela. Ukuqhathanisa, ubucwebecwebe be-alpaca wool ngu-22-27 microns, yak - 19-21 microns, kanye ne-kashmir 15-19 microns. Ikhwalithi yoboya be-chinchilla nayo iphansi.
Iningi loboya be-vicuña buvunwa futhi bukhiqizwe ePeru (cishe uhhafu wevolumu ephelele), kanye naseBolivia, e-Argentina naseChile. Amavolumu mancane.
Ngokuya ngemithetho, isilwane ngasinye esidala asikwazi ukugundwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni embalwa, kuyilapho kuqoqwa amagremu woboya angaphezu kwama-400-500 vicuna. Intengo uboya obuhlelwe ngesandla bufinyelela ku- $ 1000 ngekhilogremu.
Okufanekisiwe yicubic vicuna
Izindleko zemitha lendwangu yoboya enesisindo sama-gramu angama-300 ifinyelela ku- $ 3000 (lokhu kungaphezu kwama-ruble angama-200,000 kulabo abadutshulwe ngesifiso somkhiqizo owenziwe vicuna thenga). Ijazi labesilisa elihle libiza u- $ 20,000, kuthi amasokisi amabili abize cishe ama- $ 1200.
ngakho-ke ijazi le-vicuna kuzoba ukutholwa okubiza kakhulu ongakucabanga (ngaphandle kwempahla yangempela). Kulokhu, uboya bejazi elinjalo loboya buzokwenziwa ngesandla, ngoba akuvunyelwe ukubulala lezi zilwane ezingavamile, futhi indawo yoboya izophinde ikhiqizwe kusuka eboyeni.
Uboya bemvelo i-Vicuna bunomthunzi obonakalayo wesinamoni, kusuka kokumnyama kuya ekukhanyeni (umqolo wesilwane uvame ukuba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, futhi esiswini nasemaceleni ulula), ngenxa yezakhiwo ezibalulwe ezihlukile, awudayiwe. Umbala wesinamoni uhlobo lwekhadi lokuvakasha loboya be-vicuña.
