Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Umnyuzi - kuyisilwane esifuywayo esiyimbumba yehhashi nembongolo. Kukhulunywa okokuqala ngemvelaphi yesilwane kwaqala emuva ngonyaka ka-480 BC, lapho uHerodotus echaza ngokuhlasela kweNkosi uXerxes eGrisi.
Ngo-1938, kwase kunabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-15 emhlabeni wonke. Umthethosisekelo womnyuzi ufana nezehhashi lembuzi, kepha ikhanda lawo lifana nelombongolo. Kusuka ehhashi, umnyuzi walizuza njengefa ikhono lokuhamba ngokushesha, embongolweni - ukukhuthazela nokusebenza. Umnyuzi omdala ufinyelela isisindo esingu-600 kg. ekuphakameni okungafika ku-160 cm.
Ngokuya nge-physiology nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, amandla okudonswa kweminyuzi angaba yingxenye yesine yesisindo sayo. Ngaphandle kobudlelwano obuseduze bomnyuzi onama-hinnies (isiphambano esiphakathi kwehashi elikhulu nembongolo), kufanele bahlukaniswe. UMule osesithombeni ifana kakhulu nehhashi elijwayelekile, kodwa empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.
Inhloko nezitho ezingezansi zomnyuzi kuvame ukufana nezimbongolo, futhi izinwele nomhlwenga kuyefana nalokho kwehhashi. Umbala womnyuzi uvame ukunqunywa umbala wemazi. Ngokwenzayo, lesi silwane singaba nanoma imuphi umbala ngaphandle kwe-pinto yamahhashi. Benza imisindo ekhumbuza ukukhala kwezimbongolo nokukhala kwehhashi.
Ngenxa yesici sejubane, iminyuzi ibamba iqhaza emijahweni. Ama-mules awanamandla omzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi anempilo enhle. Amasosha omzimba awo amelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke abanye abantu bangaphila iminyaka engama-60. Kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa iminyuzi emaphaketheni nasekubhaliseni iminyuzi.
Okubonisiwe umnyuzi wokubopha
Bopha iminyuzi Ingabe isilwane esiwumphumela wokuwela imbongolo esindayo nembongolo enkulu. Isifanekiso esinjalo singaba nesisindo esingama-600-700 kg, sinomzimba obanzi futhi siqiniswe izitho zomzimba.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Umnyuzi uthathe izici ezinhle zezinhlamvu ezivela kukhokho wazo. Akaziwa yinkani yembongolo, kunalokho, umnyuzi uyisilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu esingabekezeleli isihluku. Akudingi ukunakekelwa nokunikezwa ukudla njalo.
Ngokwesilinganiso sezindleko / umthamo womsebenzi owenziwayo, kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga umnyuzi. Isilwane sinamaphutha amancane kuphela, okungukuthi ukwehluleka ukunqoba izithiyo eziphakeme, kepha lokhu kunxeshezelwa ngokusebenza ngokweqile nokubekezela.
Kusithombeni umnyuzi wepakethe
Lezi zimfanelo kade zaziswa kulezi zilwane ezisebenza kanzima, ngakho-ke, naseNkathini Ephakathi, izicukuthwane nabefundisi babejwayele ukuzigibela. Kamuva, iminyuzi yaqala ukuzala emazweni aseLatin America: abaseMexico babasebenzisela ukuhambisa izimpahla, abaseSpain - ukusebenza emasimini.
Ngesikhathi sempi, zazisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthwa kwamagobolondo ezikhali, abalimele kanye nezinhlinzeko. Kulinywa kweminyuzi bekuyinsakavukela kulamanye emave ase-Europe nase-Asia kusukela etikhatsini tasendvulo. Ngesikhathi sobungxiwankulu, kancane kancane baqala ukungeniswa eNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho Afrika.
Ensimini yesikhala sangemva kweSoviet, ukulima kweminyuzi kugxile emazweni aseTranscaucasus - i-Armenia, i-Azerbaijan neGeorgia, kanye nasesifundeni sase-Central Asia. Ama-mules asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wezolimo. Baqala izimpande ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasezintabeni zendawo eshisayo.
Pakisha umnyuzi ngomthwalo wamakhilogremu ayi-150, ihora lingakwazi ukumboza amakhilomitha angama-4-5. Baqala ukusebenza njalo kusukela eminyakeni engu-3. Ngemuva konyaka, umnyuzi usevele uyakwazi ukumelana nokuzikhandla okukhulu.
Ukudla
Umnyuzi uyisilwane, okungadli kahle ekudleni - ukudla kwayo kungaqukatha izinhlobo ezishibhile zokuphakelayo. Umkhuba womhlaba ukhombisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa komnyuzi, kufaka phakathi izindleko zokuwondla, kuhlotshaniswa namanani amancane kunezindleko ezifanayo zokugcinwa kwamahhashi.
Kodwa-ke, akukatholakali ngokuqinisekile ukuthi bamunca ukudla kangcono kunamahhashi, nokuthi ukubuyela kwabo kwiyunithi yokuphakelayo kukhulu yini. Ukukhula kwemisipha, ukudla komnyuzi kufanele kube nokudla kokudla kwamaprotheni.
Kungaba yi-bran, ubhontshisi hay. Umnyuzi ngeke uyidelele imifino - angondliwa ngokuphepha ngamaqathi noma ngamakhambi. Njengomphumela weqiniso lokuthi umnyuzi uyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo zezilwane, okudliwayo kwazo kuqukethe kakhulu utshani, isabelo esiyinhloko ekudleni kwaso utshani obomile.
Ukudla kwakhe kwansuku zonke kuqukethe ama-6-7 kilograms of hay namakhilogremu ama-3 we-feed kanzulu. Uma kungekho okuphakelayo okugxile, kungashintshwa ngamazambane noma ezinye izitshalo zezimpande. Ukudla kobisi kufanele kube namakhilogremu ayisithupha we-hay esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngokukhula, izinga liyakhuphuka, okuphakelayo kufakwa kancane kancane ekudleni.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke komnyuzi owodwa nonyaka ubudala kuqukethe amakhilogremu ayi-10 otshani nama-3-4 kilograms wokugxila. Kubantwana abaneminyaka emibili ubudala, isabelo sansuku zonke sotshani sikhuphukile saba ngamakhilogremu ayi-12, ama-oats ayengezwa ekudleni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Iminyuzi ayikwazi ukuba nenzalo. Lokhu kungumphumela wokwahlukaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwamahhashi nezimbongolo: imazi elidala linama-chromosomes angama-64, kanti imbongolo inama-chromosomes angama-62. Yize umlando waziwa ngamacala lapho umnyuzi unikeza inzalo.
Eminyakeni emibili, iminyuzi yabesilisa iyathenwa. Imithetho yokunakekela amadamu asanda kuzalwa ayafana nezindlela zokunakekela amathole. I-Mulata yizilwane ezinama-thermophilic amaningi, ngakho-ke ziyazwela emazingeni okushisa abandayo.
Ebusika, zidinga ukugcinwa emakamelweni afudumele nathokomele, okwabiwa amahora we-3-4 wokuhamba. Ngalezi zinhloso, isitebele, inqolobane noma isisekelo esigaxekile sikulungele. Ezikhathini ezifudumele, kunconywa ukuthi ugcine amadamu emadlelweni isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukukhuliswa nokuqeqeshwa kwabo kufanele kwenzeke kusukela besebancane, ngoba iminyuzi ngayinye ibonakaliswa ngumuntu onenkani. Ukulunyulwa kweminyuzi kufanele kwenzeke ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, nasezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinamadlelo amade - kungakabi zinyanga eziyi-8. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abantu ngabodwana bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60, kepha isilinganiso sokuphila seminyuzi cishe iminyaka engama-40.
